All right, song notes
Cao Xueqin? [Qing dynasty]
The humble room is empty and the bed is full; Dry grass withered poplar, used to be a ballroom.
Spider silk is covered with carved beams, and green yarn is attached to the awning window. What do you say about thick fat and fragrant powder? Why are your temples frosted again?
Yesterday, the loess dragon sent bones, and tonight, the red light lies at the bottom of the account.
A box full of gold and a box full of silver, all beggars were slandered in an instant.
I am lamenting that his life span is not long, and I will know that I am dead when I come back!
If you train well, you will never be a strong beam in the future. Choose cream beam, who wants to live in Yanhua Lane!
Because the gauze cap is too small, it is locked and worn. I felt embarrassed about the cold coat yesterday, but now I think the purple python is too long.
Noisy, you sing me on stage, but you think that other places are your hometown. That's ridiculous. In the end, it was all on wedding dresses for other girls!
To annotate ...
A humble room: a humble room.
Full bed: describe how many people in the family are big officials. In ancient times, when monarchs and ministers appeared in court, courtiers used a board to point to pictures or take notes. The story comes from "Biography of Cui Yiyuan in the Old Tang Dynasty": His sons Lin, Jue and Yao are all high officials, and every year, a couch is put on the family dinner. Later, the popular legend was mistaken for Guo Ziyi's affair, and there was a play "Bed full of water", which was written in the novel. The meaning of these two sentences is that today's empty halls and humble rooms are the kind of luxurious houses with beds full of water boards.
Carved beam: used to refer to the carved roof beam of luxury residence.
Defamation: accusation and slander.
Strong beam: tough and violent. This refers to robbers and thugs.
Choose a good wife: choose children from wealthy families as marriage partners. Highlight, which refers to exquisite food. Cream, fat; Beam, beautiful valley. Expand to a wealthy family.
Yanhuaxiang: brothel. Fireworks, the old name for prostitutes.
Shampoo: the hat worn by ancient officials is synonymous with official position here.
Lock cangue: In the old society, prisoners were the instruments of torture for criminals.
Recognizing a foreign land as one's hometown: a metaphor for misunderstanding fame and fortune, wife, children and grandchildren, etc. As the foundation of life.
On the bride's dress for other girls: it's like working for others, but you don't get any benefits. Qin Taoyu's poem "Poor Girl" in the Tang Dynasty: "Year after year, she sewed gold thread on the wedding dress for other girls."
translate
Today's empty halls and humble rooms are luxurious mansions for senior officials and dignitaries, and their beds are filled with water boards. Today's dead trees and withered grass are places for high officials and dignitaries to drink and have fun.
Once luxurious houses were covered with spider silk, but now green gauze is stuck on the ceiling window. In the past, wealth was unparalleled. Now, how can you grow sideburns in Bai Rushuang?
The old man died, the new man came, and it was ridiculous and boring to take part in accidental amusement at the end of the dream.
A box full of gold and silver suddenly became a beggar and was accused. Still lamenting his poor life, I didn't expect it to end like this.
Although you have taught your son well, there is no guarantee that he will not be a bandit in the future; Find a good son-in-law for your daughter. Who would have thought it would end up in Yanhua Lane?
Not satisfied with the size of the official position, you can only carry shackles in the end. Yesterday, I was broke. It's hard to keep out the cold with only a worn coat. Today is either rich or expensive, and the purple python is too long.
Life is like a play, one after another. You just took off your makeup. It's my turn to appear. After singing, I suddenly found myself busy sewing wedding clothes for others all my life, and I was busy in vain.
Working background
"Well, Song" first appeared in the classic Dream of Red Mansions (did Zhen psychic in her dream? Jia Yucun is dusty). The lame Taoist priest sang "good songs" to arouse the "consciousness" of true Yin Shi; And Zhen is a clever scholar, and he has had the experience of family destruction, so you can understand it as soon as you listen. Then he made this annotation for "good songs", which further developed the idea of "good songs".
Distinguish and appreciate
This annotation is more specific, vivid and cold than Good Songs. The rich suddenly become poor, and the poor suddenly become rich; Teenagers get old suddenly, and the living die suddenly-things are impermanent and everything is illusory. I want to teach my son to be filial to his ancestors, but he just went to be a robber; I want my daughter to be a lady, but she has become a prostitute; I want to climb higher and higher in the official rank, but I have become a prisoner-fate is unpredictable, and no one can escape from it. But people in the world are still awake, still fighting with each other, like a noisy stage, making endless noise. This is the basic idea of the annotation of Good Songs. Like Song of Goodness, it belongs to the product of cynicism. Because of its vivid contrast everywhere, it is cloudy and sunny, hot and cold, sometimes laughing and cursing, sometimes singing and crying, which makes it popular and smooth, making it have strong appeal. For the characters in Vanity Fair in feudal society at that time, it was like a pot of cold water, which was completely refreshing; It also has certain cognitive significance for people today to understand the corruption and darkness of feudal society.
I wrote that the world is cold, and people's honor and disgrace are so changeable. Today, as a guest, I am a prisoner. You can sing me out and describe the unpredictable social situation. Because the gauze cap is too small, the lock is carried with you, and life is difficult to be satisfied; I have been busy all my life, and finally I have to make a wedding dress for others!
The annotation of this "good song" creates a sinister atmosphere of "glory and decline, beauty and decline" at the beginning of the book, which is also a generalization and prediction of the rise and fall of Rong Ning Fannie and Freddie. This generalization and prediction is based on the whole, and it is difficult to say which person or persons a sentence refers to. If someone thinks that "all beggars are slandered in an instant" refers to Zhen Baoyu and Jia Baoyu; "Green yarn is pasted on the screen window" refers to Jia Yucun and others; "Because the gauze cap is too small, the lock is lifted" refers to Jia Yucun, Jia She and others; "I felt sorry for my cold coat yesterday, but now I think the purple python is too long" refers to Jia Lan, Jia Jun and others, and so on. At first glance, it seems a bit like it, but it may not be the author's intention. Since it is a general description of the contents of the book, some seem natural, but if you simply correspond each sentence with the characters in the book, you can't explain it. If you think that "well-trained, you can't be a girder in the future" refers to Liu Xianglian, what is the basis? This book doesn't tell who Liu Xianglian's father is, or how to teach his children well, or predict that Liu Xianglian will become a robber. How can we be sure that Liu Xianglian is referring to him? Some people even say that Liu Xianglian participated in the peasant uprising and so on, which is almost crazy. The researchers who hold the above views are based on the "Jiaxuben" fat batch. Zhi Yanzhai's comment on writing is of great value to the study of A Dream of Red Mansions, but it should not be credulous and superstitious. Lipid criticism is a very complicated problem, and it is definitely not from one person at a time. There are many mistakes and mistakes, so it is obviously absurd to take them and discard them from the original work of A Dream of Red Mansions. You shouldn't blindly believe it.
All kinds of emotions mentioned in Notes of a Good Song are based on the specific plot of the novel. For example, in the early Song Dynasty, the downfall of the four major families represented by Jiafu was predicted. There are also scandals such as funeral while having fun, which are also common in books. But it is difficult to put every sentence into practice for someone or something, because some words are universal, meaning strong and fragrant, and it is a natural law to turn them into frost temples. It may be a general description of some daughters in the Grand View Circle; If Bai Shou is widowed, it means the possibility of Xue Baochai and Shi Xiangyun. In addition, the manuscript of the novel after 80 chapters has been lost, and it is difficult to make an exact judgment on what it refers to. But there are clues. For example, JOE's comment on writing (whose value cannot be ignored) points out that "Zhen Yu (Zhen Baoyu) and Jia Yu (Jia Baoyu) are beggars". This is consistent with the original yenching university's "Re-evaluation of the Stone Story by Zhi Yanzhai" for seventy-eight times and Jia Baoyu's later "Cold Winter Chokes (J: Pickled Vegetables) Snowy Night Breaking Carpet" for nineteen times. But from this we know that Zhen Baoyu's fate is similar, which shows that Jia (false) and Zhen (true) are closely related. "Pengchuang" was replaced by "Qingshazhang", and Zhi Yanzhai commented that "a bunch of new glorious homes broke out in Yucun", and those who were shackled were also "Jia She and Yucun", so the clues that they were later convicted of greed and evil became clearer. People wearing purple robes say "Jia Lan, a bunch of people in Jia Jun", and Jia Lan's career can be confirmed by the judgments and songs in Li Wan's pamphlet behind; Jia Jun's success has never been mentioned by others in the next forty times.
There are two chubby criticisms, the contents of which make readers a little puzzled, namely, the criticism that "the temples are frosty again" is that "Daiyu Qingwen is a michel platini" and the criticism that "she will be a girder in the future" is that "Liu Xianglian is a michel platini". These are all known endings. On the surface, Lin Daiyu can live a long life, Qingwen will come back from the dead, and Liu Xianglian will return to secularization, but this is impossible. The former is actually the wrong place in the comment on writing, which should be subordinate to one sentence, saying that it has become the "white bone" of the "loess faucet"; The latter is to reveal the hidden pen that the author used to describe wandering Liu Xianglian in Chapter 66. There is such a passage: "Xue Pan laughs:' There is such a miracle in the world: my buddy and I sell goods, and we get up and go back in spring, and have a safe trip. Who knows that the day before yesterday, when I arrived at the safe border, I met a group of robbers and moved everything away. I didn't want my second brother Liu to come from there, so I drove the thief away, regained the goods and saved my life. I thanked him and didn't take it, so we became sworn brothers. ..... "This passage is quite ambiguous. For example, "Where does the second brother Liu come from", readers don't know where he comes from after all; Moreover, when he came, he could "drive the thief away" without punching or using force, and his identity was somewhat suspicious. Even though he "ran away from home for fear of disaster" in recent years, he is a chivalrous man in the rivers and lakes (his actions are kept secret in the book), "chivalry" is actually a "strong beam" (Zhuangzi Sanmu: "From its strong beam", Lv Huiqing's note: "Li Duo is also." ) It can be seen that Zhi Yanzhai's comment on writing is not random in prompting the plot of the characters.
It is easy to ignore the value of a fat batch providing plot clues. Immediately approved: "The spider silk is full of carved beams" as "Xiaoxiang Pavilion, Purple (crimson) Yun Xuan and other places." On the surface, it seems to be synonymous with the word "humble room and empty hall", all of which mean that the Jia family has declined. After careful study, the reference is different. Otherwise, we can say "Rongning Second Mansion", "Grand View Garden", "Wu Hengyuan" and "Lotus Head Champs". Later scholars concluded from various clues that when Jia Fu was convicted, Jia Baoyu left home (or stayed at home for a long time to avoid disaster) in autumn. Since then, his bedroom, Jiang's, has also been empty. Because Lin Daiyu can't stand this sudden heavy blow, she is worried that her condition will get worse. When the flowers fell the next spring, she was in tears. Xiaoxiang Pavilion then became an empty pavilion. When Jia Baoyu returned to the Grand View Garden, Lin Daiyu had been dead for half a year. Xiaoxiang Pavilion used to be a "phoenix-tailed fine dragon", but now it is only "the leaves are rustling and the smoke is cold and desolate" (as pointed out in the comment on writing in Chapter 26 of Chen Geng Edition), and Yee Hong Courtyard is also full of "red fine" (Chapter 26 of Chen Geng Edition is full of carved beams). This is why Jia Baoyu "mourns each other" (comment on writing in the seventy-ninth chapter of "Geng Chen Ben").
In addition, although there is no comment on writing by Zhi Yanzhai in some songs, later readers can still understand the plot from other tips. For example, Shi Xiangyun, the one who chose a good husband and lived in Yanhua Lane. As for those words that are neither criticized nor hard to find clues, such as "I am lamenting that his life is not long, so I will know that I am dead when I come back", readers don't have to sit still. Because, even if you don't do such a deduction, it won't prevent readers from understanding the spiritual essence of these two songs.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Xueqin (about 1724- about 1763), a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, is famous for his real name, and he is as famous as Qin Pu. His predecessor was Han Chinese, and he was merged into Manchuria in the late Ming Dynasty. He comes from a big bureaucratic landlord family with a "century-old family". Starting from his grandfather, he is the second generation (grandfather, uncle, father) of Jiangning weaving, which has been 60 years. Later, his father was implicated in the incident and was removed from his post. The decline of family fortune made Cao Xueqin suffer the bitterness of life. Ten years later, he wrote the famous novel A Dream of Red Mansions, leaving the first eighty drafts after his death. This book is rich in content, tortuous in plot, profound in ideological understanding and exquisite in artistic techniques. It is a great realistic work in China's classical novels.
He has been engaged in the creation of A Dream of Red Mansions for ten years. By describing the history of the rise and fall of an aristocratic bureaucratic family, the book created many typical figures, profoundly analyzed and criticized the dark corruption of the society at that time, enthusiastically praised the young men and women with heretical ideas, and expressed deep sympathy for the fate of women at that time, which became a great realistic work in China's classical novels.