Second, expand knowledge.
Qin bamboo slips are the general name of bamboo slips left by Qin State during the Warring States Period (475- 22 BC1) and the post-Qin period. During the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty in ancient China, bamboo slips were mainly used for writing, but there is no paper yet. The discovery of Qin bamboo slips plays an irreplaceable role in the study of Qin history, especially the study of Qin law.
archaeological finds
/kloc-0 At the end of 975, archaeologists were in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province.
During the excavation of Qin tombs from the end of the Warring States Period to the end of the 3rd century BC, more than one bamboo slip 1 1 00 was found in tomb1,and two wooden slips were found in tomb 4.
TombNo's owner 1 1 is a small local official who has held positions related to justice. There are some manuscripts of Qin law in the bamboo slips unearthed in the tomb (including some provisions in various laws such as field law, garden stability law, Cang law and effective law). ), questions and answers about Qin law, compilation of various prison documents and programs (original title), documents issued by the governor of Nan county (original title), chronology of major events of the country and tomb owner's family from the year of Qin Zhaoyuan (306 BC) to the thirty years of Qin Shihuang (265438 BC+07 BC), aphorisms, scripts and two superstitious taboos about telling the time. This tomb dates from the Qin Dynasty (the 30th year of the first emperor), but many of the published simplified books are probably manuscripts at the end of the Warring States Period. The wooden slips of Tomb No.4 are family letters, and from the content, they are from the end of the Warring States Period.
Before the excavation of the Qin tomb in Crouching Tiger Land, a tomb similar in shape and funerary objects to the Qin tomb in Crouching Tiger Land was excavated in TombNo. 1972- 1 in the neighboring area. A wooden slip with funerary objects was found in the tomb. Excavators designated this tomb as the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty. After the excavation of Qin tomb in Shuihudi, some people think it should be Qin tomb.
Liye Qin bamboo slips
In 2002, 36,000 Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Liye ancient city in western Hunan have been cleaned up recently and are entering the final stage of dehydration and decoloration protection. The protection of Qin bamboo slips will be completed by the end of 2005. Yuan, director of Hunan Institute of Archaeology, said on 23rd that there are thousands of wordless bamboo slips in Liye Qin Bamboo Slips, but these wordless bamboo slips still have high research value. The cleaned Liye Qin bamboo slips are kept in the warehouse of Hunan Institute of Archaeology. Yuan introduced that for unearthed bamboo slips, cleaning is only the first step. Because Qin bamboo slips are mostly made of wood, they are washed and soaked in liquid medicine to prevent mildew and moth-eaten. These Qin bamboo slips are decolored and dehydrated. After the bamboo slips are decolored, the original colors of the bamboo slips will appear, and the written materials can be left behind. To preserve these bamboo slips for a long time, the most important thing is dehydration, which is also the biggest difficulty in the preservation of bamboo slips.
The associate researcher in charge of the excavation and cleaning of Qin bamboo slips in Liye said that there were about 200,000 words of bamboo slips unearthed in the ancient city of Liye, the font of which belonged to Gourier, and most of the contents were official files, involving social, political, economic and cultural levels at that time, which greatly increased and enriched the historical documents and archives of the Qin Dynasty. Gao Chongwen, president of Peking University Institute of Archaeology and Culture, believes that the Qin bamboo slips in Liye are of great significance to the study of Qin unification and the spread of Qin culture, and are also specimens for the study of local political power in Qin Dynasty.
At the same time, archaeologists were surprised to find that among the 36,000 Qin bamboo slips, there were thousands of bamboo slips without words. Yuan explained that this may be because there were no characters on bamboo slips at that time, or the characters on Qin slips fell off, but the staff could use these wordless bamboo slips to do "physical experiments" and conduct scientific analysis, providing important information for a comprehensive study of Qin slips. The Qin bamboo slips of Liye were unearthed in an ancient well in Liye ancient city, Longshan County, Xiangxi in June and July, 2002. These Qin bamboo slips, which have been buried for more than 2,200 years, date from the 25th year of Qin Dynasty to the first year of Qin Ershi, and are recorded in detail for more than ten years. Before that, there were not enough records about the Qin Dynasty in the official history of ancient China 1000 words. Experts believe that Liye Qin Bamboo Slips is an extremely important encyclopedic diary record, another amazing archaeological discovery in Qin Dynasty after Terracotta Warriors and Horses, which contains great academic value.