When the Western Han Dynasty established four counties in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, there were two so-called "countries" among the three Korean nationalities in the southern part of the peninsula, namely Hema Korea.
Malaysia Korea is also called Korea in history books. The Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms of North Korea 1: "Wei Man attacked North Korea. Korean king must lead the imperial secretary around. Cross the sea to south Korea. Mahan, the founding father, quoted Zhen Xuan's Records of Mao, saying: "Mahan is the biggest in the world first, and then the biggest in the world. He thinks that this Mahan, which rose before Silla's ancestor, is "Wang Zhun's words". The ancient Korean books, such as Biography of Ji Zi, Outline of East History, Dadong Yu Yun and Yueting Manbi, all refer to the regime established by Ji Zhun in the south as Mahan. The title of "King of Korea" recorded in China's history books should be the provincial name of "Mahanwang". Prior to this, during the Qin Dynasty in China, Han immigrants entered Korea, and the title of Mahan appeared, which showed that the records in Korean history books such as The History of the Three Kingdoms were correct. At this time, South Korea has been divided into Chen and Han, and Ji Zhun's title is naturally "Ma Hanwang". Therefore, this book adopts the title of "Ma Hanwang" recorded in Korean history books. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Volume 30, Biography of Shu Wei in the East, after Ji's Korea was captured by Wei Man, the last king allowed her to "take imperial secretary into the sea, live in Korea and call herself the king of Korea". It was Ji Zhun who led the adherents of ancient Korea into the residential area of Mahan nationality, so he adopted the title of the main local nationality and named Mahan as the country name, instead of continuing its original country name, Korea.
According to the records in the history books of the Korean Peninsula, Malaysia and South Korea have existed for about 8 generations and 200 years. Yu Yun in Dadong, Bi in Man Ting and other historical records only record the descendants of Ji Zhun who succeeded to the throne as king, and later "the weak country was merged by Baekje", but there is no record of his ruling time and era. Xu Ming's horse in Biography of Ji Zi is called Ji Zhun, which has a history of 200 years. An Dingfu's Outline of East History was published in 2002. The record of Li Demao's "Angye Collection" has been passed down for eight generations after Ji Zhun. Some details recorded in these later historical materials cannot be proved. At that time, Li Demao, the author of Angye Story, recorded the era after Ji Zhun, but he was also skeptical. This is clearly written in his book: "Zhao (Yan Gui) tasted the book and recorded it in the next calendar year to send the rest. Although it is absurd, I still remember it. However, all books record that Ji Zhun and his descendants ruled Korea for a period of time, which should be credible. That is, China's history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms", Volume 30 and Biography of Shuwei Dongyi, said "quasi-final". It's not that Ji Zhun didn't leave his descendants, but that his descendants lost their leading position among Koreans. The Korean ancient books quoted in this section are all quoted from the Japanese translation of Jin Xilong and Li: Textual Research on Korean Legends, published in the Second Issue of Historical Archaeological Information of Northeast Asia 1999.
Although it is difficult to determine the existence time of Malaysia and Korea, if it is passed down to the eighth generation according to the Book of Angles, it is obviously much longer than Wei's Korea, which only passed down to the third generation. Malaysia and Korea still existed when Wei Gaoli was destroyed and four counties were established in the Han Dynasty.
Another force coexisting with Malaysia and South Korea in the south of the Korean Peninsula is Chen Guo.
Meng believes that "the name of Chen is unknown in ancient times, but the country is the oldest" and "the state of Chen in the Middle Ages is also its country". Ji Zi's old seal, Qin Zhou Records does not mention North Korea, some of which are from the history of Fu Sheng in Su Qin. What the Han people mean is that North Korea, which I learned and heard at that time, said that if North Korea is rich in aid, it is one of the countries of Chen, and the support of the Ji family is average. Yan Man Wei broke Korea and became king on his own. Before Wei Man broke Korea, it was the only country in the past, but it was just an eastward expansion. From the end of Yin Dynasty to the beginning of Han Dynasty, there were ups and downs. The decline of the Zhou Dynasty, nine barbarians and eight barbarians did not meet in China, so the implementation was not detailed. This is a commercial country originally established by Ji Zi. Meng: A Study of Zhou and Qin Minorities, Longmen Joint Publishing Company, 1958, p. 99. This view was quoted by scholars until recently. See Zhang Jun: Chen Guo Kao, Northern Cultural Relics No.2,1998; Zhang Bibo: The Origin of Ancient Korean Culture, North China, 1, 2000. Although Zhang Bibo also quoted Meng's statement to prove his point of view, he only quoted the first paragraph in Meng's book, such as "Chen's name is unknown to him in ancient times, and the country is the oldest", but he did not quote some conclusive words such as "the kingdom of Chen in the middle ages in the sea was also the country of China" and "Chen's country was originally a merchant country". In fact, Zhang Bibo believes that it is the overseas territory of businessmen who existed in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula before moving eastward, which is not the same as that of Meng. However, it is believed that the appearance of Chen in Shang and Zhou Dynasties was due to misunderstanding of historical materials.
It is reported that the quasi-ji zi king of North Korea (Ji Zhun) fled to Chen Guo after being defeated by the survivor of Yan State, Wei Man, and called himself korean king.
"Geographical Survey" cloud: In the twenty-seventh year of Wu Kang, Shen Sili stood up; In the first year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty, Wei came to invade and led the right imperial concubine to drift out of Hainan. The country was founded as Jinma County, now Yishan, and the country name was changed to Mahan, and he was king in Pingyang for twenty-seven years. After crossing the throne from Jidong to Jidong, it lasted for 929 years every 41 years.
King Mahan once called himself "King Chen" and declared his sovereignty over the whole Three Han Dynasties. Archaeological findings show that Mahan is the most developed of the three Koreas. In the heyday of Mahan, the territory included the whole Hanjiang River basin and now Gyeonggi Province, Chungcheong Province and Jeolla Province. There is also a view that the quasi-king who fled to Mahan tribe established a country called Chen Guo, with roughly the same geographical location.
During the Three Kingdoms Period of China, one of the three Koreas in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula was located in the south of Daijun, adjacent to the Yellow Sea and Chen Korea in the east. Mahan, a settled ethnic group, learned to grow grain and raise silkworms. It is still a tribal society. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the whole country consists of 54 city-states, with a total of100000 households. There are no battlements in the polis, and they all belong to the same tribe, and each tribe has a leader. The leader of a powerful tribe is called Yi Borrow.
In addition, there are Chen Han and Han Ge from 12 countries. Three South Korea * * * 78 countries. * * * is 200,000, with nearly one million people. They are the direct ancestors of Koreans now, and they are also the reason why Korean names are obtained today.
The reflection also quoted Wei Lue as saying that North Korean Prime Minister Li Xiqing failed to give advice to King Youqu, causing more than 2,000 families across the country to leave the country [6]. According to Hanshu, King Youqu once represented Chen Guo in the Western Han Dynasty [7]. About the ancient "Chen State", (The History of the Later Han Dynasty Dong Yichuan Han Biography) is also recorded:
There are three kinds of Korea: Mahan, Chen Han and Mi Han. ..... all 78 countries, ... are ancient countries. The biggest thing is that * * * made it King Chen, and everyone supported the country and made the land of Wang Sanhan the best. Its kings are both Malaysians and Koreans.
The historical events described in this record are as follows: First, "three Koreas" are all "ancient countries", that is to say, the land of "three Koreas" is the land of ancient countries. The so-called "Ancient State of Chen" refers to the place where their ancestors lived before the appearance of "Sanhan", which naturally reminds us of the "State of Chen" mentioned in Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi. Secondly, Mahan is the largest of the three Koreas, so all tribes recommend Mahan as "King Chen", which is actually Mahanwang, taking the name of "Chen" because this place is the land of "Chen Ancient Kingdom"; "All eyes support the country, the land of kings, and three Korea is the best", which means that the capital is all eyes support the country, and Wang (that is, "Chen Wang") is the leader of the three Korean tribal alliances. Scholars who think that Chen Guo is a unified slave country focus on this record. However, they did not correctly understand the true meaning of "* * * made it grow into a king of Chen", and at the same time did not correctly interpret the true meaning of "the land where the king visited Korea three times". It can be seen from "* * * Li" that the Sanhan tribal alliance at that time implemented the system of alliance Council, and the Council was attended by the chiefs of various tribes and clans. The leader of the Alliance (Wang Chen) is elected by the leaders who participate in the Council. In that case, the "Three Han Exhausted Land" can't be understood as "Wang Chen" acting as the king of the land of Three Han, and "Wang Chen" is undoubtedly in "Third, the chiefs of the three Han tribes ("kings ") were all indigenous in Mahan area before they became chiefs, that is to say, except Mahan, the chiefs of other tribes in the second North Korea were also held by Mahan.
Then, why are the leaders of the three North Koreans all held by Mahan? The History of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Dongyi and Biography of Korea provide us with practical and reliable basis:
Chen Han is in the east of Mahan, and his father has been handed down from generation to generation. He said that the dead in ancient times avoided Qin clothing to adapt to South Korea, so as to cut its eastern border. There is a city gate. His handwriting is different from Mahan's. The name of the country is state, the bow is arc, the thief is bandit, and the wine is ok. They are all disciples, just like Qin people, not just Yan people and Qi people. The famous musical ronin is disabled; People in the East call me, which means Leronin is a remnant. Today, it is called Qin and Han Dynasties. There are six countries, divided into twelve countries. South Korea also has 12 countries, ... abandoning South Korea into 24 countries, with four or five thousand big countries and six or seven hundred small countries, totaling four or five thousand households. Twenty of its countries belong to Wang Chen. Chen Wang is often made by Mahan people and passed down from generation to generation. Chen Wang can't stand on his own feet as king.
According to the above information, the residents of Chen Han are mainly "outsiders", who are descendants of Qin people who migrated during the Qin Dynasty. When Qin people flocked to Mahan's land (the "ancient kingdom") in order to escape labor, the indigenous Mahan people gave up the land of the East. From Qin Dynasty to Wei Dynasty, Qin people and their descendants settled here, forming new tribes, starting from six tribes and gradually developing to 12 tribes, and the population doubled.
It is credible to say that Qin people fled to the east of the "ancient kingdom". Wei Lue says, "Qin and the world made Meng Tian build the Great Wall to Liaodong. Before North Korea was established, it was afraid that Qin would attack it, and it was slightly from Qin and refused to go to court. " "Liaodong" here should refer to Liaodong County. Where was the Great Wall of Liaodong built in Qin Dynasty? Some scholars believe that the eastern end of Qin Changcheng should start from Lili, west of Jiangxi County and southwest of Pyongyang, which is completely correct. In this case, Liaodong County of Qin Dynasty expanded from the north of Qingchuan River to the northwest corner of Jishi country south of Qingchuan River. However, according to Historical Records and Han Shu's Biography of Korea, the northwest corner turned out to be a "clearing". ③ Why did it become an "open space"? In my opinion, the Qin people in this area all fled to escape from hard labor. The direction of their flight should be south and east. Some of them stayed in Ji's Korean region, that is, the region, and some of them moved to the east of the ancient state of Chen. That's why Chen and Han people call the ronin a disabled person ... music called "The Ronin Disabled". The indigenous people of the ancient state of Chen sympathized with these refugees and cut off their eastern borders. It should be noted that the "Twelve Kingdoms" in "Twelve Kingdoms" should refer to the twelve kingdoms of Chen and Han at the same time, and the "Twelve Kingdoms" of the genus is not Wang Chen, but Wang Chen of Chen and Mi Han respectively. The so-called "often made by Mahan people, passed down from generation to generation" means that Chen's "Wang Chen" was passed down from generation to generation by Mahan people, rather than the "hereditary" system in the sense of "one family under the world". "Can't stand on one's own feet as king" or "tribal leaders" of Chen and Chen can't be produced by such refugees and their descendants. This is a rule set by generations.
To sum up, the "Chen's Ancient Kingdom" is the land of the later three Koreas, which only refers to the region and is not a real national entity. Later, three Koreas were formed in the "Chen Ancient Kingdom" area, and the tribal leaders of the three Koreas were all called "Chen Wang", all represented by Mahan, and Mahan Chen Wang was the leader of the three Korean tribal alliances. There are two so-called "countries" among the three Korean nationalities in the south of the peninsula, namely Chen Guo and Malaysia Korea. Korea, also called Korea in history books. The Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms of North Korea 1: "Wei Man attacked North Korea. Korean king must lead the imperial secretary around. Cross the sea to south Korea. Mahan, the founding father, quoted Zhen Xuan's Records of Mao, saying: "Mahan is the biggest in the world first, and then the biggest in the world. He thinks that this Mahan, which rose before Silla's ancestor, is "Wang Zhun's words". The ancient Korean books, such as Biography of Ji Zi, Outline of East History, Dadong Yu Yun and Yueting Manbi, all refer to the regime established by Ji Zhun in the south as Mahan. The title of "King of Korea" recorded in China's history books should be the provincial name of "Mahanwang". Before the Qin Dynasty in China, Han immigrants entered Korea, and the title of Mahan appeared, which shows that the records in Korean history books such as The History of the Three Kingdoms are correct. At this time, South Korea has been divorced from Chen and Han, and Ji Zhun's title is naturally "Ma Hanwang". Therefore, this book adopts the title of "Ma Hanwang" recorded in Korean history books. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Volume 30, Biography of Shu Wei in the East, after Ji's Korea was captured by Wei Man, the last king allowed her to "take imperial secretary into the sea, live in Korea and call herself the king of Korea". It was Ji Zhun who led the adherents of ancient Korea into the residential area of Mahan nationality, so he adopted the title of the main local nationality and named Mahan as the country name, instead of continuing its original country name, Korea. According to the history books of the Korean Peninsula, Korea has existed for about eight centuries. Historical records such as Dadong and Yuebi are only descendants of Ji Zhun's "succession to the throne as king", and later "the weak country was merged by Baekje", but there is no record of his ruling time and era. Xu Ming's horse in Biography of Ji Zi is called Ji Zhun, which has a history of 200 years. An Dingfu's Outline of Eastern History was published in 2002. The record of Li Demao's "Angye Collection" has been passed down for eight generations after Ji Zhun. Some details recorded in these later historical materials cannot be proved. At that time, Li Demao, the author of Angye Story, recorded the era after Ji Zhun, but he was also skeptical. This is clearly written in his book: "Zhao (Yan Gui) tasted the book and recorded it in the next calendar year to send the rest. Although it is absurd, I still remember it. However, all books record that Ji Zhun and his descendants ruled Korea for a period of time, which should be credible. That is, China's history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms", Volume 30 and Biography of Shuwei Dongyi, said "quasi-final". It's not that Ji Zhun didn't leave his descendants, but that his descendants lost their leading position among Koreans. The Korean ancient books quoted in this section are all quoted from the Japanese translation of Jin Xilong and Li: Textual Research on Korean Legends, published in the Second Issue of Historical Archaeological Information of Northeast Asia 1999. However, it is difficult to determine the existence time of Malaysia's Korea, but if it is passed down to the eighth generation according to the Book of Angles, it is obviously much longer than Wei's Korea, which only passed down to the third generation. Malaysia and Korea still existed when Wei Gaoli was destroyed and four counties were established in the Han Dynasty. Another force coexisting with Malaysia and South Korea in the south of the Korean Peninsula is Chen Guo. Some of them started with Su Qin's History of Fu Sheng. Han people all said that Korea, which they were familiar with at that time, was a rich and powerful country, and a branch of Ji's surname was ordinary. Yan Man Wei broke Korea and became king on his own. Before Wei Man broke Korea, it was the only country in the past, but it was just an eastward expansion. From the end of Yin Dynasty to the beginning of Han Dynasty, there were ups and downs. With the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the four barbarians did not meet in China, so there was a lack of historical documents. This is a commercial country originally established by Ji Zi.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, during Baekje Wen Zuo's reign, he often fought with Mohong in the north and Lelang County in the east, so he moved Guodu Weilicheng to the south of Hanshui River and annexed the local Macquarie (Chen Guo) around 9 AD.