Poets and poets in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. The words themselves are over. Chang 'an Ling Du (now southeast of Xi, Shaanxi) was born. When the marquis of Wu became prime minister, Wei took the place of Dai Dai (it is said that Xuanzong became the queen of Wei, but it was actually not a room), a poet Wei IV's grandson. When I arrived in Wei Zhuang, my family fortune had declined, my parents died early, and my family was poor.
Wei Zhuang's life experience can be divided into two periods.
The early stage was the official Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Guangming (880), he took office in Chang 'an, which coincided with Huang Chao's army's capture of Chang 'an, but failed to get rid of it. In the spring of the second year of Zhonghe (882), he had to flee to Luoyang, and wrote "Fu Qin Yin" the following year. After that, I went to Runzhou to work in Zhou Baomu, our special naval envoy in the town. In the first year of Guangqi (885), Nuozong returned to Beijing and was forced by Li Keyong to leave Fengxiang and Xingyuan. Out of gratitude for the support of Tangmen, Wei Zhuang left the south of the Yangtze River to meet the enemy in the north, turned back because of the road jam, and then stayed in Wuzhou. In the second year of Jingfu (893), he went to Beijing to take the exam. In the first year (894), he tried again, serving as a school book lang, nearly 60 years old. After being forced to leave Iowa by Li, Wei Zhuang also acted as a driver. In four years, the doctor Li Xun was invited to Shuzhong and announced that he knew Wang Jian. Later, he was appointed as a vacancy in the DPRK. The creation of this period is mainly poetry. The works collected in Huan Hua Ji ended in Guanghua for three years (900), and no poems remained after that.
The later period is the official Shu period. Tianfuyuan was hired as the minister in charge of West Shu in 19901,and has been in Shu 10 since then. In the fourth year of Tian (907), when the Tang Dynasty was destroyed, Wei Zhaung advised Wang Jian to proclaim himself emperor and establish Shu, which was known in history. He was trusted by Wang Jian as a confidant, served as a constant servant of Zuo Sanqi, judged the affairs in the book and formulated the founding system. Zhang Ping, assistant minister from the post-official to the official department. When he was in Shu, he rebuilt the thatched cottage of Du Fu's former residence by the Huanhua River in Chengdu as his own residence. The creation of this period is mainly ci. Most of the existing Wei Ci poems were written in the later period.
Wei Zhuang is an important literary work in the late Tang Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, Weng Fanggang called it "better than Xian Tong's Ten Scholars (referring to Fang Gan, Luo Yin, Du Xunhe, etc.)" (Poetry Talk), while Zheng and Han □ and Luo Yin (poetry talk in the Five Dynasties) called it "the Three Peaks of Hua Yue". He met a peasant uprising in Huang Chao before, and then he met a scuffle in the separatist regime of the buffer region, calling himself "Kuang Yaoshun". Therefore, loyalty to the Tang Dynasty is the core of his thoughts, and worrying about the times and hurting chaos is an important theme of his poems, which widely reflects the turbulent social outlook at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Land to the tiller and Walking on the Embankment express deep sympathy for the people's suffering in the war. Seeing the army returning to Gege, Yu He's school book condemned the ugly behavior of the reinforcements who lived in Luoyang at that time, and at the same time expressed their dissatisfaction with their arrogance and failure to actively suppress the insurgents. His poems such as Bronze Musical Instrument, Luobei Village Residence, Wandering in the North Plains, and The Year of Xin Chou reflect his earnest expectation for the revival of the Tang Dynasty. Poems such as Moon Jae in's trip to Yang Liang and seeing Li Mingfu off in the south of the Yangtze River express his concern for the monarch and the royal family in troubled times. Fairchild, night view, reminiscence, etc. Pay more attention to the present, recall the past and sing a deep elegy for the decline of the Tang Dynasty. He also has some excellent homesick poems, such as Taicheng, Jinling Map and Shangyuan County. While mourning the historical sites of the Southern Dynasties, he also expressed his lament for the social unrest at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and his mood was sad. In addition, some of his poems, such as homesickness, homesickness outside the river, ancient parting and amorous feelings, reflect that he has been wandering around for a long time, begging for official food. His landscape poems, such as "Fighting over a Water to Close the Back porch", "Climbing to Xianyang County Building and Looking at the Rain" and "Walking in the Autumn Morning", are characterized by sparse composition, clear thinking and unique features. He is good at modern poetry. The rhyme is mellow and steady, the tone is loud, the quatrains are full and intriguing; However, the words and sentences of the Qing dynasty led to graceful music, which is the same style of his modern poetry.
Wei Zhuang's masterpiece is the long narrative poem "The Ode to Fu Qin". This poem is as long as 1666 words, which is the longest existing Tang poem. Through the narration of a woman who fled from Chang 'an, namely "Fu Qin", the poem describes positively the situation that Huang Chao Uprising Army captured Chang 'an, proclaimed itself the emperor and founded the country, and competed with Tang Jun for Chang 'an many times, and finally the city was besieged and its food and grass were cut off. The ideological content is complicated. On the one hand, it exposes the so-called "atrocities" of the insurgents, on the other hand, it objectively reflects the prestige of the insurgents and the panic and corruption of the ruling class. On the one hand, it exposes Tang Jun's crime of persecuting people, on the other hand, it is mixed with the condemnation of their ineffective "suppression of thieves". It chooses typical plots and scenes and uses descriptive and hierarchical methods to reflect the complex contradictions of major historical events. Careful layout and clear context mark the development of narrative art of China's poems. Wei Zhuang is called "Fu Qin Yin Sheng" because of his poems. Due to some taboos, Wei Zhuang forbade future generations to mention this poem in his later years, and it was not included in Huanhua Collection, which led to long-term loss. Did the pods fade in the early 20th century? ?⑾frame？
Wei Zhuang is also a poet with high achievements in Huajian School, and he is also known as Wen. There is not much difference in the content between Wen and Wei's ci, which is nothing more than the love between men and women, the sadness of parting without hatred, and the lingering sadness. However, the lyrics are mainly for geisha to sing, and the creative personality is not clear; Wei Ci pays attention to the expression of the author's feelings, such as "Bodhisattva Man", "Everyone says that Jiangnan is good", learning the writing method of Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi's "Recalling Jiangnan", recalling the past travels in Jiangnan and Luoyang, and blending the feeling of wandering all his life, the pain of leaving chaos and the feeling of homesickness. In terms of style, Wei Ci is not as rich and colorful as literary words, but is good at expressing sincere and deep feelings with fresh and smooth brushwork, such as [Huanxisha], Yearning for Acacia Every Night, April 17th, and Midnight Last Night. Some of his writings are also influenced by folk characters, and their words are direct and decisive, or they are passionate or melancholy. Such as [Sidi Township], "Spring Day Tour" and "Planning to marry for life. If you are mercilessly abandoned, you can't be ashamed. "See stagnation in honesty; [Bodhisattva Man] "Today, I remember Jiangnan music" and "I will never return when I see flowers" to express my homesickness more deeply with the "oath" of dying in a foreign land. Chen Tingzhuo said in Baiyuzhai Ci that "Wei Duanji's ci is elegant, expressive and gloomy, which is the highest among ci poems", and Xu Angxiao commented that Wei's ci poems are "pale and sad, and they are unbearable to read", all of which pointed out this feature. Wang Guowei thinks that Wei Ci is higher than literary Ci, and points out that "Duanji Ci is affectionate and beautiful" and "should be above Fei Qing"; "WenFeiQing, other also. Wei Duanji's words are also "bone show", which is also from this perspective. However, there are obscene words in Wei Ci, which is its deficiency.
This episode and the research material Shu Yong record 20 volumes of Wei Zhuang's Huanhua Collection. Wei Zhuang's notes 1, 2, Ji 1, Xia 1, Wei 20, Huanhua Ji 5, and You are recorded in the Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties. Today, only Huanhua Collection and Selected Poems of You Xuan are gone.
Huanhua Collection was edited by Wei Zhuang's younger brother Ivy. The preface says that most of Wei Zhuang's works before the "Gengzi (880) famine" were lost; By the time of editing, he had collected more than 1000 songs. There are only more than 200 poems in Huanhua Collection, which is less than a quarter of the original compilation. This collection consists of Zhu Chengjue's engraving between Zheng and De in Ming Dynasty (four photocopies) and Jiguge's engraving in late Ming Dynasty, all of which are 10 volumes, roughly divided into volumes according to time and place, and the number of articles in each volume is uneven. The Whole Tang Poetry is slightly merged into five volumes with the same content. The other volume, addendum 1, was probably added by later generations after collection.
There is no special anthology of Wei Zhuang's Ci. The Complete Tang Poetry consists of 54 poems, including Huajian Collection, Zunqian Collection and Caotang Collection. Huanhua Ci 1 Volume, edited by Liu, contains 55 * * poems, which are published in 60 famous ci poems of Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
The Collection of Wei Zhuang was compiled for Di Cong, and collected more than 300 poems by Wei, with 55 words. Published by People's Literature Publishing House 1958, it is quite popular.
About Wei Zhuang's life story, there are materials in Shu □ Xun, Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty and The Spring and Autumn Period of Ten Kingdoms. Qu Yisheng, a close friend, has The Chronicle of Wei Zhuang (published by our language series in Beiping Tsinghua Campus, 1932). The Chronicle of Wei Duanji (see Chronicle of Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties 1979 Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House New 1 Edition) is available in modern summer, which is rich in information and accurate in textual research. He traveled in Wei Zhuang all his life and made a detailed comparison.