How to understand essence, qi and spirit in traditional Chinese medicine? thank you

The basic concepts of Jing Yi and Jing (I) The philosophical significance of Jing The concept of Jing in the theory of Jing, Qi, Blood and Body Fluid originated from the theory of Jing Qi in the ancient philosophy of Qi monism in China. In the development history of China's ancient philosophy, in the evolution of the concept of Qi, represented by Guan Zi, the category of Qi was defined as essence and essence, and the essentialism was put forward. It was believed that essence was the most subtle and changeable Qi, the most subtle material existence, the source of the world and the source of life. The essence in the theory of essence in Guanzi is synonymous with the meaning of qi category in the monism of qi. Essence and essence are qi, the subtle substance that constitutes the universe and human beings, and the most subtle substance. Essentialism is a materialistic thought close to atomism. (II) Medical meaning of essence (essence) There are five meanings in Chinese medicine: 1. Essence generally refers to the basic substance that constitutes the human body and maintains life activities. "The essence of the husband is the foundation of the body" ("Su Wenjin"). Essence includes congenital essence and acquired essence. Inherent by parents, rich in Shui Gu essence, hidden in the kidney, known as congenital essence; The essence of materialization through diet is called the essence of Shui Gu. The essence of Shuigu spreads to the five zang-organs and other tissues and organs, which is called the essence of the five zang-organs. The general essence is also called the generalized essence. 2. Essence refers to reproductive essence, that is, congenital essence. Born by parents, it is the original material that constitutes the human body for fertility and reproduction. "Er Shen fights with each other and becomes one, often living first, which is called essence" ("Lingshu breathed his last"). The essence of reproduction is also called the narrow essence. 3. Essence refers to the essence of viscera, that is, the essence of the day after tomorrow. The essence of zang-fu organs comes from the intake of diet, which is transformed into subtlety through the transportation of spleen and stomach and the physiological activities of zang-fu, and then transmitted to the five zang-fu, so it is called the essence of five zang-fu. 4. Essence refers to essence, blood, body fluid and body fluid. "There are four kinds of essence: essence, blood, body fluid and body fluid" (essays on reading medicine, Qi and blood spirit). In fact, it is the general term of qi, blood, essence, body fluid and liquid. 5. Fine refers to righteousness. "Evil is real when it is strong, and it is empty when it is refined" ("Su Wen's general theory of excess and deficiency"), "Evil is real when it is light, so strong is real; Healthy qi is strong and weak, so essence is weak "(Jing and Disease). In short, in the theory of essence, qi, blood and body fluid in traditional Chinese medicine, essence or essence is a tangible and mostly liquid subtle substance. Its basic meaning can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Essence in a broad sense refers to the subtle substances that constitute the human body and maintain life activities, including essence, blood, body fluid and body fluid. In a narrow sense, essence refers to the essence hidden in the kidney, that is, the essence of reproduction, which is the basic substance to promote human growth and reproductive function. Second, the generation of essence The essence of human beings is rooted in nature and nourished by the day after tomorrow. "The beginning of human life is based on the primitive nature of blood; Man is born of Shuigu. Without jingxie, there is no foundation for nourishing the body; Without Shui Gu, you can't be strong enough to form a body "(Jing Yue Quan Shu Spleen and Stomach). From the essential source, there are congenital and acquired. (A) the innate nature of life, grasp the essence of blood, from Yin and Yang. Father is the master of Shi Yang, and it is still raining; If the mother is in charge of yin, if the earth is alive. Both men and women can have a successful pregnancy. "January is a fetus, and the essence is condensed; February is a fetal shape and begins to become an embryo "(Cranial Meridian). As the saying goes, "When a person is born, he becomes refined first" (Ling Shu Jing), "When the essence and the form are combined, the form is refined, and the essence is the form" (Jing Yue Quan Xiao Shu Boolean Theory). The combination of the essence of parents' reproduction, when forming an embryo, is transformed into the essence of the embryo itself, which is not only influenced by parents to form the original living matter of viscera. "After pregnancy, condensed the essence of Yang, especially the battle. Therefore, it is safe for a baby to breathe with its mother in the womb "("Baby "). After the embryo is formed, it is cultivated by the qi and blood in the mother cell until the fetus is mature. Qi and blood in cells are produced by the essence of Shui Gu absorbed by mother. Therefore, the innate essence actually includes primitive life substances and various nutrients obtained from the mother, which are mainly hidden in the kidney. (2) The day after tomorrow, the sperm will leave the uterus at the full moon. After birth, rely on breast milk to increase qi and blood, nourish spirit and improve intelligence. "Women's milk flushes qi and blood" ("Jingyue Quanshu Fugui"). Spleen and stomach are the sea of water valley and the father of qi and blood. "Shui Gu essence is camp, the ferocious look is who, camp who is abundant, sewage irrigation. Furry is human, fat and reasonable, and angry; Moisturizes skin, beautiful color and blood. Therefore, Shui Gu said that the strong do not get sick ("young children gather as a whole"): "As far as human endowment is concerned, people born strong and stout live longer, while those born weak live longer. Those who are cultivated the day after tomorrow will live longer, but those who are cut off the day after tomorrow will die even more' (The Book of Songs on congenital and acquired): The spleen and stomach are the foundation of life, and human life depends on the subtle nourishment of the valley, and the spleen and stomach are strong.' With the increase of diet, the body fluid will be abundant, and it can be congested to produce essence' (Draft of Tibetan Medicine). The spleen and stomach transport Shui Gu's subtle energy to the five zang-organs, and become the essence of the five zang-organs to maintain dirty physiological activities, which is stored in the kidney. (1) The kidney governs the water, and the water is hidden by the essence of the five internal organs, hidden in the kidney and not hidden in the kidney. For example, although money and grain are kept in the state treasury, they are not from the state treasury, so the spleen and stomach must be supplemented "("Cheng Yi An "), the kidney is the main sting, and the essence is sealed, and the essence is also'' ("Su Wen's Six Stages of Dirty Elephants "). The essence of the human body is mainly hidden in the kidney, although there are congenital and acquired points, but "the innate qi of Ming and the qi of heaven after the spleen and stomach are also based on Shui Gu's essence and depend on the innate qi, while the essence of blood depends on the acquired qi" (Jingyue's Complete Book of Spleen and Stomach), which are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, thus making the human body full of essence. Third, the function of essence is a subtle substance that constitutes the human body and maintains human life activities. Its physiological functions are as follows. (1) The essence of reproduction is birth, which is the original material of the origin of life and has the function of reproducing offspring. This kind of essence with reproductive ability is called Tiangui. Men arrive in 28 days, and the essence overflows; The woman is twenty-seven years old. It's almost dawn, and the moon goes down from time to time. Rich in essence and talent, there is reproductive ability. Men and women live in peace, yin and yang are harmonious, and pregnancy is the only way to success, so they can have children and reproduce: when they are old, their essence declines and they lose their reproductive ability. It can be seen that essence is the material basis of reproduction, with sufficient kidney essence and strong reproductive ability; Deficiency of kidney essence will affect reproductive ability. Therefore, tonifying kidney and replenishing essence is an important method to treat infertility and other reproductive dysfunction in clinic. (2) The growth and development of human life begins with sperm, which is the material basis of embryo formation and development. After a person is born, only by nourishing the essence of the moon can he maintain normal growth and development. As the essence changes from prosperity to decline, people enter old age from childhood to youth, showing the law of life movement from strength to aging; This is the theoretical basis for tonifying the kidney to treat the growth disorder of cattle with five softness and five stagnation and prevent premature aging. (3) Blood and kidney store essence, and essence produces marrow. The brain is the ocean of bone marrow. So if the kidney essence is sufficient, the brain marrow is sufficient, the limbs are flexible, and the eyes and ears are smart. Essence is full of marrow, so it can strengthen the brain, strengthen the mind, strengthen the mind, benefit the eyes and ears, and prolong life. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease mainly depends on tonifying kidney and filling marrow. "Kidney gives birth to marrow" ("Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory"), the marrow resides in the bone, and the bone is nourished by the marrow. If the kidney essence is sufficient, the bone marrow will be full, the bones will be strong and strong because of the nourishment of the bone marrow, and the exercise will be light. Teeth are not only bones, but also the nourishment of kidney essence. With sufficient kidney essence, teeth will be firm and shiny. Sperm produces marrow, and marrow can turn into blood. "When life begins to be born, he must proceed from the essence ... blood is also essence, but essence is hidden in the kidney, which contains little, while blood is full of rushing, everywhere ("Jingyue Quanshu Blood Syndrome "). Jingxue is full, so it is said that Jingxue is homologous. Clinically, blood deficiency syndrome can be treated by nourishing essence with flesh and blood. (4) Those who moisten the viscera are based on Shui Gu and feed on Shui Gu's qi. Diet is digested and absorbed by the spleen and stomach and transformed into essence. Shui Gu's subtleties are constantly transported to various tissues and organs of the whole body, which plays a nourishing role and maintains normal physiological activities of the human body. The rest is stored in the kidney for later use: the essence stored in the kidney is both stored and excreted, so it is endless. "The kidney is hidden by the essence of the five internal organs. Therefore, the five internal organs can vent, and the essence is hidden in the kidney instead of the king in the kidney. The essence of the five zang-fu organs is stored in the kidney, and the essence of the five zang-fu organs will continue when it is exhausted "(San Ji, Yi Tang): There is a saying in Chinese medicine that the kidney will be poor after a long illness, so it is often treated with the yin essence that tonifies the kidney at the end of the illness. Sperm (1) includes male sperm and female eggs. Lingshu is the God: "Therefore, the essence is born, and the two essence compete for God." "Su Wen Gu Naive Theory": "Seven or eight, liver qi fails, muscles can't move, the sky is exhausted, essence is less, kidney fails, and the body is extremely good." Second, it refers to the basic substances that constitute the human body and maintain life activities. "Lingshu Jueqi": "Er Shen fights and gets together, and often lives first, which is called essence." "Lingshu Jing": "When people are born, they are refined first, refined and brain marrow." "Su Wenjin is in a tight array": "A man who has a good husband is the foundation of his body." (3) the aura that constitutes everything. "Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory": "So the sky is fine and the earth is tangible." Four specificities; Simple "Su Wen Tang Yi Lao Lun": "The husband's illness is very small at the beginning, and he must enter the skin first." 5] Pass the word "Qing". Bright and clear. "Su Wen's Four Qi Tunes the Spirit": "At dawn, the sun and the moon are unknown, evil harms the emptiness, the yang is blocked, the ground is exposed, and the clouds are not fine, so it should not be exposed to the sky." [6] Shui Gu's implication. "Su Wen Meridian Differentiation": "Eating in the stomach, dispersing essence in the liver, Yin Qi in the tendons." Once a new life name. "Su Wenba's Theory of Shen Zheng": "The moon begins to be born, the blood gas begins to be refined, and the defensive qi begins to move." Yang Shangshan's note: "Essence means that blood gas is born with the month at the beginning of the month, so it is called essence." It is the essence of viscera. Su Wen's Theory of Atmosphere: "The pulse is like a string, which means that the cell essence is insufficient and the disease is good." Levies refers to pure substances. Lingshu Pathogenic Zang-fu Disease Syndrome: "Its qi and blood are all superficial and deficiency is eliminated, its essence and yang are in the eyes and eyes, and other qi is in the ears and ears." "Lingshu Qi Ying": "The valley enters the stomach, and the stomach is the lung of transmission, overflowing in the middle, scattered outside, and walking in the tunnel." ⑽ Cheer up, be cheerful and energetic. "Lingshu Nutrition Society": "A strong man is full of blood, smooth muscles and airway, and his trip to Roewe is normal, and he dies at night." ⑾ Understand "love". Situation. "Lingshu Wu Wei": "A saint knows everything. If the sun and the moon shine, sound drums, and smell their sounds, you can know their shapes. If you are not a master, how can you know the essence of everything? " ⑿ Check carefully. "Su Wen Lun Tang": "Open the gate of hell, clean the house, and be good at waiting for the hour." ("Good at timing" means judging timing. (13) Yin blood and seminal blood. "Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory": "Those who are insufficient in essence should be supplemented by taste." [14] refers to the mind. "Su Wen Meridian Differentiation": "Surprise and seize the essence, sweat comes from the heart." ⒂ Pass "Qing". Clear and clear. "Soul Pivot itself": "Soul hurts arrogance." [14] refers to the sun, the moon and the five stars. On Su Wen and Wu Dayun: "The movement of form and god is still the root of branches and leaves." ⒄ In-depth study. Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases: "It is strange that people living in today's world do not attach importance to medicine and study prescriptions." In the myth system, a genie is an animal, a plant or a natural substance, which absorbs the brilliance of the sun and the moon and becomes exquisite after a long time. Qi is a mixed unity of "information, energy and matter" in the flowing world. There are two forms of gas in the universe: 1. The state of diffuse and vigorous movement is difficult to be directly detected because of its fineness, dispersion and non-stop movement, so it is called "invisible". 2. condensed state, tiny and dispersed gas, concentrated and condensed together, becomes a tangible entity, so it is called "tangible". (2) Qi is the most basic substance that constitutes the human body. (3) Qi is the most basic substance to maintain human life activities. Second, the generation of qi (1) innate essence: from parents. Zangfu organs are located in the kidney (life gate). (2) The gas in the valley after rain: it is a substance that is digested and absorbed. The dirty house is located in the spleen and stomach. (3) Clear air: inhale. The internal organs are located in the lungs. Three. The movement and form of Qi (I) The movement of Qi is called Qi in Chinese medicine. (2) There are four forms of movement: ascending, descending, exiting and entering. (3) Qi has different manifestations in different dirty rooms. (4) The airflow is distributed throughout the body. When it reaches the zang-fu organs, it is called zang-fu qi, when it reaches the inside and outside of blood vessels, it is called ying-wei qi, and when it reaches the meridians, it is called meridian qi. Fourth, the physiological function of Qi (1) is promoted; (2) warming effect; (3) fixing; (4) defense function; (5) gasification. 5. Types of Qi-According to the source of Qi, it can be divided into: (1) Primary energy: it is the most basic and main qi in human body. It consists of essence in the kidney, Shui Gu in the spleen and stomach, and clear qi in the lung, and is distributed all over the body. (2) Zongqi: It is composed of clear qi and valley qi to breathe through the heart pulse. (3) Qi Ying: a special part of Gucci. It aims to melt blood and nourish the whole body. There are two running paths: 1. The twelve meridians (gas refining); 2. Rendu, yangqiao, Yinqiao. (4) Defending Qi: It is also very powerful. Therefore, the meat is warm, the skin is full, the texture is fat, and it can be opened and closed freely. (5) Qi of zang-fu organs and meridians: the same as that of the whole body. It is the essence of Qi and the elimination of Qi. Shui Gu's Qi passes through the lungs, spleen and kidney. It can be converted into energy to promote and maintain the physiological activities of zang-fu organs and meridians; It can also renew and enrich the tissue structure of viscera and meridians, and generate the essence of five zang-organs for storage. People have three treasures: spirit! There is God three feet above your head. I don't know how to concentrate and sit until I die of old age! Xianshi faxed the party, as long as you concentrate on the air cavity. "God" usually appears as the general name of human life activities, including mental and conscious thinking activities in the brain, as well as all physical activities and external manifestations of viscera, meridians, camp and health, qi and blood, body fluid and so on. The generation of "God" is mainly based on innate essence and nourished by acquired essence. Therefore, the rise and fall of "God" is inseparable from the gains and losses of essence. Only when the essence as the material element of life is sufficient can the "God" as the external expression of the function of life activities flourish. As for the physiological function of "God", medicine believes that it is mainly reflected in its dominant position in human life activities. The whole human body, from the brain to the internal organs, from the five senses and seven orifices to the meridians, qi and blood, essence, body fluid, and even the activities of limbs, all rely on "God" as the internal vitality to maintain its normal movement.