Gram and Kill

Spring and Autumn Annals is the first of the Five Confucian Classics, and it is the representative work of Confucius' "a brief talk about benevolence and righteousness", which expresses his political intentions and ideals with historical "different words". But later generations also have many objections to this. The three main biographies handed down are Zuo Zhuan, Liang Bochuan and Ram Zhuan. After the Han Dynasty, China's classic works became popular, and Zuo Zhuan, which was more easily accepted by the ruling class, became popular. However, through the efforts of great scholars such as Gongyangxue, He Xiu, Dong Zhongshu and Kang Youwei, Gongyangxue has been passed down, and The Biography of Gongyangxue is regarded as the closest interpretation of the original meaning of Confucius. Biography of the Ram is not a history book, but a philosophy book.

There are always many objections to the interpretation of some historical materials, and Gongyangxue gives its own systematic explanation from the perspective of justice. I have thought and evaluated the historical materials for a long time, and I have some new inspirations. Sima Qian studied under Dong Zhongshu, and during his writing, the theory of ram was very popular, so many viewpoints in Historical Records were close to that of ram.

For example, "Zheng Boke is in Yan". The story of Zheng Boke is familiar to everyone. Knowing that her mother wanted her younger brother Duan to be king, she deliberately created opportunities to make Duan bigger and more proud, and finally rebelled. On the other hand, the soldiers and horses were secretly deployed, and they were quickly wiped out after the rebellion (the legend of the left being demoted). This story, which was first seen in Tang Guoqiang's "History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" series, always feels that it is the embodiment of wisdom and justice, and the series should be positive. Historical Records, Zuo Zhuan and others recorded this process in detail. Zheng Zhuanggong was the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. There are also mixed opinions on this matter.

The view of "Biography of the Ram" is relatively clear, and there is a sentence "Who can resist it?" Kill it. Kill it and call it dick? The evil of big Zheng Bo. For the evil of the government? If the mother wants to set it up, kill it; If not, it would be embarrassing. "Using grams instead of killing emphasizes the evil of Zheng Zhuanggong. It's best not to give Duan, so he won't have the reputation of killing his brother.

According to Ram III, Yin Gong belongs to Confucius' "handed down from generation to generation", that is, "according to troubled times". According to He Xiu's "Yang Gong Xie Jie", the view and treatment of troubled times is that "foreign small evils are not recorded" and foreign (non-Lu) small evils are not recorded. It was a terrible crime for Zheng Zhuanggong to kill his brother.

For another example, the famous battle of Song Chuhong, Song Xianggong's pre-war comity and defeat were cited as a joke. Zuo Zhuan criticized him for his "nameless war", and Liang Zhuan said: "It is a mistake to pass without changing." However, Biography of the Ram praised him for "not forgetting the big gift in front of big events" and so on.

How to understand it? Gong is also "troubled times" and "small evils are not written outside", so is it "small goodness is not written outside"? It is said that "people who don't kill in Spring and Autumn Annals are righteous", and the story recorded in Spring and Autumn Annals is so complicated that it highlights its right path. Is the right way, why lose? There is a saying that "a monarch has no ministers", and "Explanation": "It is a pity that there is Wang De without Wang Zuo. . . The emperor's soldiers. . The emperor's minister. . People of the emperor. " Therefore, it is Confucius' original intention to praise the ceremony of Xi Gong in Song Dynasty. On the other hand, Chu belonged to "Yi Di" in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was also in line with the policy of governing the country in troubled times.

There is also the famous "Wu Zixu's attack on Chu" incident. Both Biography of the Ram and Historical Records praised Wu Zixu. "Zuo Zhuan" belittles Wu Zixu and doesn't mention revenge. Xu Shen said in the Five Classics of Different Righteousness: "Where a monarch kills a minister for no reason, the ram says that his son can take revenge, so Zixu attacks Chu, and Chunqiu is virtuous; Zuo's family said that your life, heaven, is not revenge. "

Why did you praise Wu Zixu in the Spring and Autumn Period? Because Ding Gong has seen the world in the "Three Generations Theory", that is, the world of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. World peace and world harmony. The intention is particularly deep and detailed, and the word name is ridiculed because it affects other people's taboos, and neither of them is easy to avoid. If you live in troubled times, Wu Zixu's revenge may not be recorded, but in times of peace and prosperity, the whole world pursues social justice rather than rule in troubled times. It is also in line with the Confucian idea of "direct prosecution".

The above is my humble opinion on the biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram and the theory of three generations.

Thanks to the teacher for his explanation.