(Top 200-Top 168)
Edit the introduction of this paragraph.
Jia Yi, also known as Jia Taifu, Jia Changsha and Jia Sheng. Luoyang (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) people. A famous politician and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. 18 years old, famous. When he was young, he was recommended by Wu Gong, the prefect of Henan Province. In his twenties, Emperor Wen called him a doctor. In less than a year, he was promoted to be a loyal doctor. But at the age of 23, because of the jealousy of ministers, he was removed from the teacher of King Changsha. Later, he was recalled to Chang 'an and became the teacher of Liang Huaiwang. After the death of King Huai of Liang, Jia Yi felt deeply sorry for himself until he died of grief at the age of 33. His works mainly include prose and ci fu. Essays such as On Qin, On Warehousing and A Record of Chen Zheng are all famous. The most famous words are Ode to Hanging Qu Yuan and Ode to Catching Birds.
Jia Yi (20 BC1-169) almost became a legend in the history of China, and was a typical politician whose virtue was not appreciated. His articles and poems have been praised by people, and some of them have been passed down to this day; He strongly advocated many ethical thoughts and social concepts considered as Confucius; One of his most famous papers discussed the shortcomings of the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, he is usually classified as Confucian.
Edit this life
Teenagers are regarded as outstanding.
Jia Yi studied hard and read widely since childhood, and read everything in hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period. When I was a teenager, I studied Chunqiu Zuozhuan with Zhang Cang, a disciple of Gou Jian, a famous doctor in Qin Dynasty. Later, I commented on Zuo Zhuan, but it was lost. He also studies Taoism. When I was a teenager, I wrote Tao Te Ching and Daoism. He also loves literature, especially the works of Qu Yuan, a great poet at the end of the Warring States Period. In the last five years of the Han Dynasty (183), Jia Yi was only eighteen years old. Because he could recite the Book of Songs, Shangshu and write articles, he became famous in Henan County.
At that time, Wu Gong, the governor of Henan Province, belonged to Li Si, the former prime minister of Qin Dynasty, and was also a student of Li Si. Wu Gong learned that Jia Yi was a knowledgeable and talented person and valued him very much. He was called to his door and liked him very much. Martial arts is a student of Lisi, and he is also very knowledgeable. Jia Yi learned a lot under his guidance. At this time, in order to encourage everyone to study, Jia Yi taught Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Wu Gong made outstanding achievements in governing Henan County, and the society was very stable. He is regarded as the best in the world.
Eight years after the Han Dynasty (BC 180), Lv Zhi died after the Han Dynasty. Right Prime Minister and Qiu killed Zhu Lu and became the illegitimate child of Liu Bang, the Emperor of Chinese Literature. In the second year, the first year of Liu Heng (BC 179), Wu Gong was recruited into the central government and appointed as Ting Wei (the highest judicial official). Wu Gong didn't forget his favorite pupil, so he recommended to Emperor Wen that Jia Yi was a promising young man, well-read, and a hundred schools of thought contended. Emperor Wen of Han called Jia Yi to the Central Committee and appointed him as a doctor. Since then, Jia Yi has stepped into the stage of political activities. Jia Yi was only twenty-one years old, the youngest of all doctors at that time.
The doctor is an official who prepares for the emperor's consultation. Whenever Wendi asked questions for doctors to discuss, many old gentlemen were speechless for a while. But Jia Yi is different from others, because he is knowledgeable and dares to think and speak. Therefore, he answered Wen Di's question for advice, which was eloquent and well-founded. Other doctors think that Jia Yi said what he wanted to say but couldn't, and they admire his talent very much. This made Emperor Wen of Han very happy, and within a year he was promoted to Doctor Tai Zhong (an official who discussed politics at a higher level than a doctor).
Jia Yi believes that the political situation was generally stable after the establishment of the Han Dynasty for more than 20 years. In order to consolidate the rule of Han Dynasty, he put forward a series of suggestions to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and carried out reforms. His reform proposal is aimed at inheriting the Qin system from the Han Dynasty. He believes that the Han Dynasty inherited the bad customs of the Qin Dynasty and abandoned the etiquette, law and benevolence, so it should change the customs and make the world change their minds. He suggested making new laws and regulations, advocating rites and music, amending the new moon, changing official names and so on. To change the new moon is to change the calendar of Qin dynasty, which takes "water" as its virtue and October as the beginning of a year; Easy-to-wear color is a system to change the color of Qin costumes from black to yellow. Because Emperor Wen had just acceded to the throne at that time and thought the conditions were not mature, Jia Yi's suggestion was not adopted.
But Wendi adopted other suggestions from Jia Yi. For example, in the second year of Emperor Wendi, Jia Yi put forward the famous book "On Accumulation and Sparse Storage", pointing out that the phenomenon of "abandoning agriculture and doing business" appeared in the society at that time was unfavorable to the rulers, and advocated implementing the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, developing agricultural production, strengthening grain reserves and preventing famine, so as to achieve the goal of protecting the people and governing the world, that is, consolidating the rule of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Han adopted his suggestion and ordered to encourage agricultural production, which played a positive role in restoring the economy and laying the economic foundation of feudal rule. However, as a long-term established policy of feudal rulers, emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce limited the development of commodity economy, and its negative effects became more obvious in the future.
At that time, Jia Yi also helped Wendi to revise and conclude many policies and decrees, and sent Hou to leave the capital for his own fief, which was adopted by Wendi. However, the implementation of these laws and measures still faces resistance. For example, it is difficult to send Hou to his fief, and many heroes are reluctant to leave the capital. At that time, the Prime Minister Chen Ping was dead, and the most important contributor was Jiang Hou Zhou Bo. When Emperor Wen of Han asked Zhou Bo to take the lead, he was relieved of his post as prime minister and went to his fief. In this way, the princes left the capital one after another. Since this suggestion was put forward by Jia Yi, it is inevitable to offend these veteran heroes.
The powerful demoted Changsha.
When Jia Yi first arrived in the central government, he showed his talents in a short time and was promoted by an exception. It was a smooth sailing, and the young man succeeded. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty saw that Jia Yi was a very learned and promising young man and appreciated him very much. So he put forward that Jia Yi should hold a higher public office and entrust him with a heavy responsibility, and handed this idea over to ministers for discussion. I never thought that, in this way; But it met with strong resistance.
The resistance first came from heroes and dignitaries, such as Jiang Hou Zhou Bo, Yin Hou Guan Ying, Dong Yang Zhang Hou Xiangru and Yu Shi Feng Jing. Zhou bo is a small industrialist who weaves thin reeds for a living (he also worked as a drummer), and Guan Ying is a small businessman who sells cloth. They followed Liu Bang's expedition to the West and made outstanding achievements. They were the founding heroes of the Han Dynasty. Later, in addition to, also made new contributions. They were appointed to worship each other and occupy high positions; But they are also uneducated "louts", especially Zhou Bo, who is famous for his "directness and ignorance". By the Wendi Dynasty, they were old, independent, conservative and narrow-minded. When Jia Yi, a young intellectual with profound knowledge and innovative ideas, emerged in the Han Dynasty, on the one hand, these old ministers and dignitaries looked down on him because of his young age and junior qualifications; On the other hand, he is jealous because of his outstanding talent. They can tolerate letting Jia Yi be a doctor, a doctor in the imperial palace and other officials who only talk but don't do it, but once he is promoted to the position of a public official, he is entrusted with a heavy responsibility and is on an equal footing with these powerful people, they can't stand it. They attacked Jia Yi with one voice: "This Luoyang native is young and has little knowledge. He is bent on taking power and wants to mess up many important events in the country!" At that time, shortly after Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, Zhou Bo and Guan Ying were old ministers of the first emperor, with great power. Although Emperor Wen loved Jia Yi's talents, he could not further promote him against the wishes of the powerful.
At that time, there was an insurmountable obstacle in front of Jia Yi, that is, Deng Tong, the favorite of Wendi, and Deng Tong, who was originally a man with no skill, was favored by Wendi for a very absurd reason. It turns out that Wendi Deng is superstitious. Once he dreamed of going to heaven, but he couldn't. A "yellow-headed lang" pushed him from behind, and he was gone. Wendi was very happy when he woke up, so he went to a step-by-step place, secretly looking for this "yellow-headed lang" who pushed him to heaven. I happened to meet a young man who was wearing a yellow hat on the head of a ship. He looks like the man who pushed him to heaven in his dream. Emperor Wen called him and asked his name. He replied that his name was Deng Tong. Wendi was very happy, so he kept him around, often played with him, made him a doctor and gave him a huge sum of money. At that time, Jia Yi happened to accompany Emperor Wen with Deng Tong, and their status was also quite the same. However, Jia Yi hated this courtier who was favored by Wendi because he had no talent, and often mocked him in front of Wendi. Deng Tong also spoke ill of Jia Yi in front of Wendi, which made Wendi gradually alienate Jia Yi.
In this way, the ministers attacked from outside, Deng Tong attacked from inside and attacked from inside, which made Jia Yi not only unable to display his talents and ambitions, but also lost his foothold in the Western Han Dynasty. So Jia Yi was expelled from Beijing and went to Changsha, where he became the teacher of Changsha King. Changsha is located in the south, thousands of miles away from Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing. At that time, the traffic was underdeveloped, the road was long, and it was hard to say. What makes Jia Yi feel worse is the grief and indignation in his heart. He is knowledgeable and ambitious, and wants to help Wendi Deng do something great. Now that he has been demoted, such setbacks make him feel lonely and disappointed. He thought that it was nothing for the two ministers, Jiang Heguan, to attack him, because they were heroes and veterans after all and made great contributions to the Han Dynasty. What he can't stand most is people like Deng Tong. What can he do? He is just a mean person who is good at flattery, and he was demoted because Wendi Deng listened to such embarrassing slanders. Jia Yi couldn't swallow this resentment anyway. He thought of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet, who was slandered by the powerful minister, was expelled from the capital of Chu and died in the Miluo River. He thought that his experience was similar to that of Qu Yuan, and he missed him even more. He crossed the Xiangjiang River in the south, looked at the surging river, and his thoughts were wandering, so he wrote a poem "Mourning Qufu Garden" to express his reverence and resentment for Qu Yuan.
He wrote: ... what a pity! It is unlucky to meet the times. The phoenix runs around hiding, and the evil birds fly high in the sky. The villain is noble, and the admirer is arrogant. Good and upright people are in adversity, and right and wrong are reversed. In the past, someone falsely accused Bo Yi of taking bribes, saying that stealing soles was kind; He used the sword as a blunt knife, but praised the lead knife for its sharpness! What a shame, Mr. Wang was slandered for no reason. China people don't know themselves, but who can they tell their hearts to? The phoenix flew away. Away from the muddy world, hidden deep.
Changsha was the only kingdom with a different surname (not Liu's) at that time, and it has always been a law-abiding kingdom. When Jia Yi arrived in Changsha, Wu Zhu (a descendant of Wu Rui), the king of Changsha, was in power. As a teacher of Changsha Wang, Jia Yi has little to do and has enough time to learn knowledge. Although Changsha is far from Chang 'an, Jia Yi takes the affairs of the world as his own responsibility and pays close attention to the political and economic affairs of the imperial court. Go to see Emperor Wen whenever you have the chance and put forward your own views and suggestions.
In the same year that Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha (Wen San, former 177), he went to his fief Jiangxian (now Jiangxian, Shaanxi). Jiangxian county belongs to Hedong county. Jiang Hou Zhou Bo is afraid of being hurt by others. County magistrates and county commandants often wear weapons when they go to Jiangxian. In the second year, someone falsely accused Zhou Bo of wanting to rebel. Wendi was confused for a moment, so he handed the case to Ting Wei. Ting Wei arrested Zhou Bo in Chang 'an, put him in prison and was humiliated by the warders. Later, Wendi's mother Bo Xilai defended her and she was pardoned. When Jia Yi learned about this in Changsha, he felt wronged for Zhou Bo, so he told Wendy that the monarch should treat his ministers with courtesy, which was actually a criticism of Wendy. Wendi Deng also regretted it. He thought Jia Yi was right and adopted his suggestion. Since then, whenever a minister committed a crime, he was allowed to commit suicide without being arrested and imprisoned.
At that time, Emperor Wendi gave Deng Tong the Yandao copper mine in Shu County and allowed him to make money by himself. As a result, "Deng's money" spread all over the world; Another king of Wu, Liu Bi, was casting money in Tongshan, and Wu's money spread all over the world. In this way, the monetary system will be chaotic. In Changsha, Jia Yi went to Wendi to give lectures on casting money, pointedly pointing out that private casting money exists all over the world, which is not conducive to the country and the people, and suggested that Wendi order it to be banned. However, Deng Tong is a favorite of Emperor Wen, and Tongshan was given to him by Emperor Wen, allowing him to cast money. How could Wendi Deng forbid it? The prince of Wu and Liu Bi are far away in the east, and the sky is high and the emperor is far away, so it is impossible to ban them. Therefore, Jia Yi's suggestion was impossible to be adopted at that time, which only increased Deng Tong's jealousy of him.
One evening in Jia Yi's third year in Changsha, an ostrich flew into his house. An ostrich is an owl. People thought it was an unlucky bird at that time. Jia Yi lives in Changsha, and he is already depressed. Coupled with Changsha's modest attitude, he thought his days were numbered. Now that the owl has entered the house, he is even sadder. So I wrote an essay "On the Ostrich", lamenting the changes of everything in the world, the depravity of the world, and comforting myself at the same time. Here and now, Jia Yi's thoughts and feelings are very complicated.
Be prepared for danger in times of peace and get to the point.
In the seventh year of Emperor Wendi (BC 173), Emperor Wendi missed Jia Yi and recalled him from Changsha to Chang 'an. After Jia Yi arrived in Chang 'an, Emperor Wen met him in the mysterious room where the gods were sacrificed in Weiyang Palace. At that time, just after the sacrifice, the meat of the sacrifice was still on the altar. Emperor Wen had many questions about ghosts and gods, so he asked Jia Yi. What did Jia Yi say? It is not recorded in the history books. I only know Jia Yi's views on ghosts and gods, which makes Wendi feel very fresh and fascinated. He even moved his seat (sitting on the floor at that time) and got together with Jia Yi until midnight. Afterwards, Wendi sighed and said, "I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time. I thought my knowledge had caught up with him. Now I'm still not as good as him after listening to his conversation! " Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, took this matter very seriously, and wrote a quatrain attacking Emperor Wen: "When Jia Chao met the courtiers, he was even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. "
Jia Yi returned to Chang 'an this time, and the court personnel changed a lot. Guan Ying, who suppressed Jia Yi, died. After being pardoned for unjust imprisonment, Zhou Bo returned to the fief in Jiangxian County and stopped asking about the state affairs. However, Wendi still didn't entrust Jia Yi with an important task, but sent him to be a teacher at King Huai of Liang. The reason is that there are villains like Deng Tong around Wendi, and Jia Yi has repeatedly offended this favorite of Wendi, which has become an insurmountable obstacle for Jia Yi to display his political ambitions.
Liu Yi, also known as Liu Sheng, is Wendi's favorite youngest son. Emperor Wen appointed Jia Yi as the teacher of King Huai of Liang, which is also a kind of attention to him, although it is still far from promotion.
However, for Jia Yi, what he seems to care about is not the rise and fall of his position, but the political situation of the country. At that time, the political situation in the Western Han Dynasty was basically stable, but it also faced two contradictions, which gradually became sharp. One is the contradiction between the central and local governors, and the other is the contradiction between the Han Dynasty and the northern Xiongnu slave owners. The intensification of these two contradictions had come to an end at that time. For example, Liu Xingju, the king of northern Hebei, and Chang Lu, the king of southern Huai, rebelled one after another, and the news that Liu Bi, the king of Wu, attempted to rebel was also heard from time to time; Moreover, Xiongnu often invaded the northern border of the Western Han Dynasty. Through the apparent stability of the political situation at that time, Jia Yi saw the serious crisis lurking in it and was deeply worried and worried about it. He went to Wendi for help many times, which sounded the alarm for Wendi. One of the most famous is the Public Security Policy (also known as A Record of Chen Zheng) he read after he returned to Chang 'an from Changsha in the first seven years of Emperor Wen (BC 173).
At the beginning of "Public Security Policy", Jia Yi shouted loudly: I look at the situation in the world. There is a problem with crying, two problems with weeping, six problems with sighing, and many illegal things, which are difficult to list one by one. He rebuked those who thought that the world was "governed by security" and thought that such people were either ignorant or flattering, not people who really knew how to govern chaos. He vividly said: put the fire under the woodpile and sleep on it. It was said to be safe before the fire burned. What's the difference between today's situation and this?
Jia Yi pointed out that the first factor endangering the political stability of the Western Han Dynasty was the existence of vassals and their conspiracies. He reviewed the history and listed the facts to illustrate the harm of enfeoffment. At first, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang gave Wang a different surname, which led to "ten years and nine rebellions" and no peace for one year. Although the rebellion of the king with a different surname was put down, he could not learn from it and enfeoffed a number of kings with the same surname. When Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, the world was still stable. Why? Because the big prince is still young, and the teachers and ministers sent by the Han Dynasty can still hold real power. But a few years later, most of the princes grew up and were full of blood, while Fu and Xiang sent by the Han Dynasty were old and sick, and some were dismissed. Cheng and Wei's official positions in various vassal States were held by their own cronies. If this situation continues, I'm afraid even Yao and Shun can't make the country politically stable.
Jia Yi pointed out that it is wrong for some people to attribute the rebellion of Wang with a different surname to alienation from the Han Dynasty (that is, Liu). He listed the fact that Liu Xingju (the nephew of Wendi) and Huainan Wang (the younger brother of Wendi) in northern Hebei successively rebelled, indicating that although Wang with the same surname was "close", he was also unreliable. Because although the same surname of these kings is a minister, they all have a well-dressed heart of Kundi, and they all have the ambition to be emperor. They granted titles in their own countries without authorization, pardoned people sentenced to death, and even used the emperor's palace and rituals to make the laws of the Han Dynasty unworkable in their independent kingdom.
Jia Yi pointed out that the rebellion of princes lies not in closeness, but in "potential" and strength. He reviewed the historical facts that seven princes with different surnames rebelled in the early Han Dynasty, and thought that most of them were the strong ones who rebelled first. For example, Han Xin was the strongest when he was the king of Chu, so he was the first to object; Han Wangxin relied on the Huns, and later reversed; ..... Lu Wan, the prince, was weak, and finally. There are also some kings with different surnames. This is Wu Rui, the king of Changsha. There are only 25,000 households in Changsha, with the smallest strength. He was estranged from the emperor, but he was the most loyal to the court. This is not because Wu Rui's temperament is different, but also because of the situation at that time. It is Jia Yi's original opinion to explain whether the princes rebelled or not from the "situation". He even imagined that if Fan (Kuang), Li (Shang), Jiang (Jiang) and Guan (Ying) were ruled by dozens of cities, they would rebel and be destroyed. On the contrary, if people like Han Xin and Peng Yue were allowed to live as liehou, they might not rebel, and they might still exist intact. It is precisely because the princes were endowed with considerable territory and strength that they could rebel regardless of their different surnames or the same surnames. Therefore, Jia Yi came to the conclusion that "those who are sparse will be in danger, and those who are close will be in chaos".
Jia Yi put forward his own countermeasures to Wendi according to the historical lessons of the rebellion of princes with different surnames and the danger of the inevitable rebellion of princes with the same surnames. To this end, he expounded the guiding ideology that should exist on this issue. He said: now the powerful vassal king is like a big bone. If the Han Dynasty didn't use a powerful legal system as a big axe to cut, but wanted to use a benevolent and kind thin-edged knife to cut, then it would be of no help if the knife was cut or broken. He vividly pointed out that the current situation is like edema. One leg is swollen almost as big as the waist, and one finger is swollen almost as thick as the thigh. You can only lie flat and not bend, and one or two fingers will have a headache. If it is not treated in time now, it will definitely become an incurable disease. Although there will be a famous doctor like Bian Que in the future, there is no way to cure it.
So, what are the practical countermeasures? According to the historical lesson that "the most powerful people rebel first", Jia Yi put forward the policy of "building princes with more strength". In other words, more governors were enfeoffed in the fiefs of the former governors, thus dispersing and weakening their power. Jia Yi suggested that after the death of the vassal king, he divide his fief into several pieces and give them to his sons. In this way, the descendants of the princes can rest assured that they will know that they will be enfeoffed according to the system and will not resist the court. Feudal fiefs of feudal lords were divided from generation to generation. The more they were divided, the less power they got until the land was exhausted. This is called "cutting the ground to customize". In this way, the domestic situation will be as obedient as the body dominates the arm and the arm dominates the finger, so that the princes will not dare to have infidelity and the country will be well governed.
Public security policy not only discusses the problem of local governors, but also puts forward its own views on other political issues, as well as economic and military issues. Among them, the expansion of businessmen's economic power and the Xiongnu problem in the north are particularly noteworthy.
Jia Yi pointed out that now merchants sell slaves, dress them in embroidered clothes and silk shoes worn by ancient emperors and queens, and shut them in wooden fences. Now the clothes worn by the emperor are just ordinary black silk fabrics, and the wall of enriching the people is actually embroidered; The queen decorated the collar, but the rich maids and concubines used it to sew the edges of shoes. Businessmen are extravagant, and the consequences are very serious: one hundred people can't make enough clothes for one person. How is it possible to keep the whole country warm? It is impossible for one person to plow the fields and ten people to gather grain. The whole country can't be hungry. Hungry and cold, the people are miserable. There is nothing the country can do, and the "thief" is just waiting for the opportunity, but the suggestions and suggestions say that "not moving" is the best policy in politics; These rich people have extravagant business customs, which disrespects the state system and offends the dignity of the emperor. However, people who contribute ideas still say "don't do it" and don't want to reform. This is really a sigh!
Starting from Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, due to military defeat, he adopted a policy of being close to the people towards the Xiongnu in the north, married the princess (in fact, most of them were replaced by imperial clan women) to the Xiongnu Khan as his wife, and transported a large number of gold, silver and silk every year. Wendi also sent troops to fight against the Xiongnu invasion, withdrew his troops because of the rebellion of the princes, and resumed the policy of being close to the people. Jia Yi believes that intimacy cannot stop the scourge of frequent harassment by Xiongnu rulers. He expressed his willingness to go to the Northern Expedition. "Pro-Xiongnu Khan controls his life, grasps the theory of the central bank (the traitor who surrendered to Xiongnu), and takes charge of his back." Jia Yi believes that the political influence of the Han Dynasty should be expanded to win over the Huns. And the material enjoyment of sound, sound, mouth and abdomen was used as a means to divide the Xiongnu nobles. Although these discourses are rhetoric, they are not so realistic after all, so Lu Xun thinks Jia Yi's comments on Xiongnu are "quite broad".
The value of Jia Yi's public security policy lies in being prepared for danger in times of peace. For example, Mao Zedong said, "Public Security Policy is the best political theory in the Western Han Dynasty. Jia Yi came back here from the south. Except for the part about the prince, it is almost pedantic. The full text hit the nail on the head at that time, and the atmosphere was very good, which is worth seeing. " (Selected Letters of Mao Zedong, p. 539) This evaluation is very accurate.
In the year of Jia Yi's "public security policy", Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, rebelled, and Emperor Wen exiled him to Shu County (now central Sichuan) and committed suicide on the way. In the second year (BC 172), the four sons of Wendi Feng Changlu were Liehou. Jia Yi was worried that Emperor Wen would make Liu Chang's sons king from behind, so he advised Emperor Wen in Suiyang, the capital of Liang State (now south of Shangqiu County, Henan Province): "The king of Huainan rebelled against the imperial court. Who in the whole country doesn't know his crime? Remembering the son of a sinner now will only attract criticism from the whole country. So hard to forget's father when Huainan Wang's sons grow up? Huainan is a small place with which Ying Bu once rebelled. Although the fief of King Huainan was divided into four pieces, the four sons were unified in letting them possess land and population and accumulate wealth. This can really be said to be giving weapons to the enemy and wings to the tiger! I hope your majesty will think about it. " But Wendi didn't adopt Jia Yi's opinion.
People who die of depression will never die.
In the 11th year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (169 BC), Liu Yi, king of the Huai Dynasty, entered the court and fell off his horse and died. Jia Yi felt that she was a teacher, failed to fulfill her responsibilities, deeply blamed herself, and often cried, feeling very depressed. In spite of this, he still focused on national affairs and made suggestions for Emperor Wen. Because Liu Yi and King Huai of Liang had no sons, according to the rules, his vassal state would be revoked. Jia Yi feels that doing so is not good for the overall situation; It is better to strengthen the status of Wendi's two parents, Huaiyang Wang Liuwu and Daiwang Liu Shen. Therefore, Jia Yi suggested that Liu Yi, the king of Liang, should be the heir, or Liu Shen, the king of Liang, should be moved to Liang Guolai. Expand the fiefs of Liang and Huaiyang, so that the former fiefs extend northward to the Yellow River and the latter southward to the Yangtze River, thus connecting them. In this way, if once the country has something to do, Liang is enough to resist and Huaiyang is enough to control, your majesty can safely eliminate the worries in the east of Huashan. Emperor Wendi listened to Jia Yi's suggestion. Because of the important position of the northern king's fief, he moved Liu Wu, the king of Huaiyang, to Liang Wang, and Liu Qian, the king of Chengyang, to the king of Huainan. Judging from Liang Wang's role in the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, his deployment based on Jia Yi's suggestion was indeed far-sighted.
In the 12th year of Emperor Wendi (168 BC), Jia Yi died of depression at the age of 33. Throughout Jia Yi's life, although he was relegated but not promoted, Wendy paid more attention to his far-sighted political remarks and suggestions, which were generally implemented. This is unmatched by those officials who are in high positions but are mediocre. As Wang Anshi, a reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said, "Who can say that Wang Bo and Jia Sheng implemented it at once?" Since the word Gao, the title has been abolished, and there are no ten thousand officials in ancient times. "
Jia Yi's progressive thought not only played a role in the reign of Emperor Wen, but also played an important role in the long-term stability of the Western Han Dynasty. For example, Emperor Liu Qishi and Chao Cuo put forward the policy of "cutting vassals", which is a continuation of Jia Yi's proposition; The rebellion of Wu and Chu in the third year of Emperor Jing (before 154) proved the correctness of Jia Yi's analysis of vassal kings. After the rebellion of Wu Chu was put down, the Han Dynasty took the opportunity to weaken the power of local governors, so that they only had to pay taxes and lost the power to directly govern the kingdom. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the "extension edict" proposed by Zhu was promulgated, allowing vassal States to divide their fiefs into several pieces and distribute them to their descendants, which actually dispersed and weakened the strength of vassal States and was a comprehensive implementation of Jia Yi's policy of "building more with less". Jia Yi's idea that private coins were forbidden and unified by the central government was also carried out by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also successfully launched a war against Xiongnu and abandoned Jia Yi's shameful pro-DPRK policy. Jia Yi made such outstanding contributions to the long-term stability of the Western Han Dynasty that Emperor Wu was very impressed. In memory of him, he promoted his two grandsons to be county heads.
Jia Yi goes down in history as an outstanding politician and thinker, and his historical contribution is indelible.
Posterity evaluation
Although Jia Yi's life is short, in this short life, he left a valuable cultural heritage for the treasure house of Chinese culture. He is a representative writer of Sao Style Fu, including Qu and Bird Fu. In the hundred gardens of political essays in the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Yi's essays are also brilliant. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Playing Qi" said that his performance was "reasonable and smooth, which can be described as knowing the general idea." His most famous political works are On Tong Qin, Public Security Policy and On Shu Xu.
Poems about Jia Yi:
Jia sheng
Don
The publicity room invites sages to visit,
Jia is even more incoherent.
The poor seat was empty before midnight,
Don't ask people, ask ghosts.
Four stops in Zedong, Mao Jiayi.
Jia's tone is even more incoherent, and his crying feelings are all dead. Liang Wang fell off his horse in search of something ordinary, so why should he exchange grief for life?
Seven Laws of Yongjia Yi Mao Ze Dong
It's sad that young people are brilliant in galleries and temples, and their ambitions are not paid. Tan has millions of soldiers in his chest, and there are thousands of trees in China.
Xiong Ying didn't intend to rely on God, but Gao Jie was finally suspected. I cherish Changsha's eternal fu, and the blank Miluo step dust.
Passing by Jia Yi's former residence in Changsha.
Don Liu Changqing
Jia Yi lived here in exile for three years, which is a tragedy of tens of millions of generations. I look for traces of human existence in autumn grass and watch the sunset slowly tilt in the cold forest.
If even a good Wendi has a heart of stone, can you still expect the slow Hexiang to understand you? These desolate waters, these silent mountains, when you come, like me, so far away? !
Pastoral expression
Tang Libai
Jia Yi was demoted for three years in Wanli, Ban Chao.
How to lead a white calf? Drinking water is good for clean water.