First, clearly explain the object and purpose of the author's writing.
Clearly explain the object and the purpose of writing, mainly from two aspects, one is what to explain in reading the article, and the other is what to explain in reading the article, which can be started from the topic or the material.
For example, in the spider class, the object of explanation is spiders, and the purpose of writing is to introduce scientific knowledge about spiders, so that people can better understand spiders. In the lesson March to the Desert, the author first explains how the desert harms human beings, then explains how human beings transform the desert, and finally says that the leadership of the party and the socialist system are the fundamental guarantee for transforming the desert. Looking at the full text, it is not difficult to see that the research object of this paper is desert, and the purpose of writing is to let readers know the necessity of transforming desert, the methods of desert control and the broad prospects of desert control.
Second, grasp and explain the characteristics of things and objects.
Explain things, explain their characteristics. The so-called special certificate is a sign that things are different from each other, and it is a feature that one thing has but another thing does not.
For example, The Dead Sea Never Dies mainly illustrates the characteristics of high salinity in the Dead Sea. All kinds of salts in the Dead Sea add up to 23%-25% of seawater (different from ordinary freshwater lakes). Another example is Suzhou gardens. The article mainly writes that Suzhou gardens are specimens of gardens all over the world. Its uniqueness lies in: "No matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them." This paper introduces the layout of pavilions, the foil of flowers and trees, and the carved patterns of doors and windows. Let readers know the distinctive features of Suzhou gardens that are different from other gardens.
Third, understand the order of instructions.
The explanatory text places special emphasis on the order of speaking. The commonly used order is roughly as follows:
1, chronological order, that is, written according to the chronological order of things, is often used for the development and change of things. For example, from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to microfilm books.
2, spatial order, that is, according to the spatial position of things in turn. This order is often used to describe relatively static things, such as gardens, buildings, handicrafts and so on. Such as the Great Hall of the People.
3, logical order, that is, according to the internal relations of things to explain. The concrete manifestations are as follows: ① From phenomenon to essence (or from essence to phenomenon); ② From cause to result (or from result to cause); ③ From features to uses (or from uses to features); ④ From the whole to the part (or from the part to the whole); ⑤ From generalization to concreteness (or from concreteness to generalization); ⑥ From primary to secondary (or from secondary to primary). For example, where does food come from? Explain things in a logical order.
Fourth, pay attention to the explanation method.
Commonly used interpretation methods mainly include the following six:
1, the definition means the meaning of a noun concept. For example, "overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process."
2, for example, is to use metaphors to illustrate things. For example, "bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow."
3, classification is the way to classify things. For example: "How to get food? There are two different ways and methods: one is autotrophic and the other is heterotrophic. "
4, for example, is the method of taking specific things as an example. For example, "this kind of bibliography records the literature of its specialized subject or discipline." If you want to find ancient documents in China, you should use the Summary of Sikuquanshu or the Catalogue of Rare Books of Ancient Books in China. "
5. enumerating numbers is a way to explain things with data. For example, "I don't know, this Tianhe flooded more than 10 million stars!" " 10 million, it will take you more than 1000 years to walk in one breath. "
6. Compare, that is, compare with another thing to explain things and explain their characteristics. For example, "When the Yongding River flooded, it was very powerful. In the past, the riverbanks on both sides of the river were often washed away, but nothing happened to this bridge, which shows its firmness. "
In addition, there are some methods. For example: explaining, quoting materials, drawing charts, imitating appearances, etc. Because it is not common, it will not be introduced here.
Fifth, understand the accuracy of language.
The accuracy of explanatory language is the premise of explanatory language, which requires accuracy in time, space, quantity, scope, degree, characteristics, nature and procedure. The so-called accuracy is in line with objective reality.
How to understand the accuracy of explanatory language?
Putting words properly is an accurate expression. For example, in March into the Desert, it is said that after treatment, some sand dunes have grown turf and shrubs. As long as the turf and shrubs are well protected, they can be fixed. The "excessive" and "arbitrary" here are both used in a measured way, meaning that it is not possible to cut down, but excessive cutting, not grazing, but grazing at will.
Proper use of words indicating degree and scope is another manifestation of language accuracy. For example, the warbler said: "The warbler is timid by nature, and often shuns the birds with the same weakness, especially afraid of meeting the most dangerous enemy-shrike". "Frequently" means that it is not the only case, but most cases. The warbler actually "often" hides in front of the same weak birds, which shows how timid it is.
Sometimes it's definitely accurate, and sometimes it's definitely accurate. What should I say? Just use the ruler of objective reality to measure it. For example, the Chinese stone arch bridge said: "The passenger bridge mentioned in the Shuijing Note was built around 282 AD, which may be the earliest recorded stone arch bridge." The "approximate" and "possible" here refer to estimates, which are uncertain but accurate. Why? Because this is written according to the existing information at hand, the credibility of the possession information is not high enough, so it is written like this.
In addition, the use of modified restrictive words also reflects the accuracy of the article.
On the premise of accuracy, the explanation language is famous for its simplicity and vividness. Because of the different language styles of the explanatory object and the author, the explanatory language is also varied: either general or specific; Or concise, or detailed; Or concise, or plump; Or plain and simple, or humorous.