What are the characteristics of Huang Shigong's three strategies?

Legend has it that this was written by Huang Shigong. Therefore, it is also called "Huang Shigong's Three Views". Who is Huang Shigong? "There is no way to find it above, he found a green void, below, yellow spring" for future generations. However, Sanlve, by its name, is only a famous art book in ancient China. Historian Sima Qian told a story about Sean, a strange man who was awarded a book by Huang Shigong in Historical Records. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Sean, a promising young man among the North Korean aristocrats, tried to assassinate Qin Shihuang, but failed, so he changed his name and took refuge in Xiapi (now Pixian County, Jiangsu Province). One day, when Sean passed by a bridge, he saw an old man deliberately throw his shoes under the bridge and asked Sean to pick them up. Although Sean was startled, he picked up his shoes and faced the old man. However, the old man asked Sean to wear shoes for himself, and Sean respectfully agreed. The old man smiled and said, you are a young man who can teach mysteries! And made an appointment with Zhang Liang to meet at the bridge in the early morning five days later. Sean was late for the first two times and was scolded by the old man. The third time, Sean came to the bridge at midnight to wait for him. The old man came, very happy, and gave Sean a book, saying: You can become the emperor's teacher by reading this book. 10 years later, the world will be in war. 13 years later, you will see my incarnation-a piece of Yellowstone at the foot of the ancient city of northern Hebei. Say that finish, floating away. Sean lived in Xiapi for nearly 10 years. At the end of Qin Dynasty, peasant uprising broke out. He followed Liu Bangxi and became Liu Bangxi's strategist. Three years later, Sean passed by Jibei. Sure enough, he saw a piece of Yellowstone at the foot of the ancient city mountain, so he sent someone to take it home for worship. After Sean died, he was buried with Huangshi. Later generations called this old man who gave books to Sean "Huang Shigong". Still the old man named Huang Shigong.

What kind of gauntlet is "Three Strategies"? After repeated textual research, scholars believe that it was neither written by Huang Shigong nor by Zhang Liang at that time, but a military book deduced by later generations according to Sun Tzu's Art of War. So who is it? According to textual research, the three views are not recorded in the literature, but first appeared in the Annals of Classics, which is called Three Views and Three Volumes in history, and its annotation says: "The man of God wrote it, and it was written in a note. Liang Wen has three volumes of Huang Shigong Collection and three volumes of Huang Shigong Notes. " However, before the Annals of Sui Shu Classics, the title of "three strategies" appeared in some ancient books. According to "Wu Gai Chen Tibetan", "Huang Shigong said, softness can control rigidity, and weakness can control strength. Soft is virtue, strong is thief, weak is sun and moon, and strong is resentment. ..... So there is a shortage of people who are extensive, and those who are extensive are strong. Those who get it are safe, and those who are greedy are disabled. The bankrupt government will be defeated. " This long quotation can be found in the book "Military Prophecy" in this edition of "Upper Three Views". It says that "softness can control rigidity, weakness can control strength, softness is also virtuous, rigidity is also a thief, weakness helps with benevolence, and strength attacks with resentment" and in "Lower Three Views", it is said that "those who have a wide range of things are in short supply, and those who have a wide range of virtues can have their own strengths. The bankrupt government suffers from it all the time and formulates a system, although it will be defeated. " They are basically the same except for a few words. Li, a native of the Three Kingdoms, said in The Theory of Destiny: "By the symbol of Huangshi, recite' three views'. People who say "three strategies" are beginning to see this. " In the Book of Wei written by Wei Shou in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Liu Sun commented on Huang Shigong.

There are different opinions in academic circles about the time when "San Lue" was written, but the theoretical basis of "San Lue" was more sufficient at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. The content of the "Biography of the Later Han Dynasty, Wu Gaichen and Zang Lie" quoted above is an example. It can be inferred that "Sanlve" was probably written by a hermit who was familiar with Sean's deeds in Qin and Han Dynasties.

The book "Three Strategies" is about 3,800 words and is divided into three volumes, that is, three strategies, so people call it "Three Strategies". Compared with Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Bin's Art of War and Tamia Liu's Art of War, although they belong to the same art of war, there are some differences. First of all, military books such as Sun Tzu's Art of War focus on the discussion of military strategy, mainly from the perspective of defeating the enemy and discussing the means of combat, while "Sanlve" focuses on the discussion of political strategy, mainly from the perspective of governing the country and strengthening the country. That is, as the "China Strategy" said: "Business is a little literary, not treacherous, and success or failure is important." Zhong slightly "Germany is poor, it is contingency." The best policy is to "be moral, observe safety, and blame thieves and sages." Secondly, military books such as Sun Tzu's Art of War are discussed by the author himself, which directly express the ideological understanding and conclusive views on war and military affairs and have creative value. "Sanlve" mostly uses ancient military proverbs and sentences in military books to express the author's thoughts and opinions, especially in the quoted "military prophecy" and "military situation". However, there are many nuances in the theoretical viewpoints in "San lue", so it is still valued by later generations of military strategists. It was listed as one of the Five Classics and Seven Books in the Song Dynasty and one of the must-read books for military scholars.

Photocopy of the first page of "Three Outlooks"