Polyporus umbellatus
(Ben Jing)
Different names, such as Gou Ling (Zhuangzi), Zhu pig excrement (Ben Jing), Gou Ling (Sima Biao's note in Zhuangzi), and Xiao Ling (.
The source is dried sclerotia of Polyporaceae plant Polyporus umbellatus.
Plant morphology Polyporus umbellatus
The sclerotium is long or irregular, some are closed, slightly flat, with uneven surface, brown or dark brown, wrinkles and cave-like protrusions; The cross section is white or light brown, semi-lignified and light. The fruiting body is born from the underground sclerotium, and most of them are combined. The base of the stipe is connected or branched, forming a cluster of fungus covers. The umbrella forms an umbrella-shaped semicircle with a diameter of more than 15 cm. The mushroom cap is fleshy, hard and brittle after drying, round, 1 ~ 8 cm wide, umbilical in the middle and light brown to reddish brown on the surface. The mushroom meat is thin and white. The fungus tube is the same color as the fungus meat, and it is extended with the stalk; The nozzle is polygonal. Spores are oval under the microscope.
It grows on the roots of oak, maple, birch, maple and oak in the forest, and it likes soft and convex soil which is difficult to grow grass. In rainy season, it often produces a mushroom-like fruiting body on the convex part. Distributed in Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Northeast China.
It is collected all year round in the south, and mostly in summer and autumn in the north. Remove the mud and sand after digging out and dry in the sun. Put it in a dry and ventilated place.
Polyporus umbellatus is hidden underground, and there are no seedlings on the ground, so it is difficult to find. According to Hebei's experience, where Grifola umbellata grows, the soil is fertile and black, and the rain permeates quickly, and the ground is still dry after light rain.
The medicinal materials are dry and irregular long blocks or nearly round blocks, with different sizes and thicknesses. The long blocks are bent or branched like ginger, with a length of about 1-25 cm and a diameter of about 3-8 cm, and the diameter of the round blocks is about 3-7 cm. The outer surface is gray-black or brown-black, and all of them have tumor-like protrusions and obvious wrinkles. Hard but not solid, light as cork, fine cross section, white or light brown, slightly granular. No breath, light taste. It is better to be big, with dark brown and shiny skin, white flesh and heavy body.
Location: Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Sichuan and Yunnan. Gansu, Qinghai, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hubei and other places also produce. Shaanxi and Yunnan have large output, and Shaanxi producers have the best quality.
chemical constituents include ergosterol, biotin, saccharide and protein.
pharmacological action ① diuretic effect
5 grams of Polyporus umbellatus decoction was taken orally by healthy people, and the urine volume increased by 62% and the chloride content increased by 45% within 6 hours, but 3 grams of decoction and clinical common dosage failed to prove diuretic effect on people. Experiments were carried out on anesthetized dogs with ureteral fistula. Polyporus umbellatus decoction showed diuresis when injected intravenously or intramuscularly at a dosage of .25 ~ .5g/kg, but it had no effect when the dosage was less than .48g/kg. Oral or intraperitoneal injection in rabbits is effective only when it is close to human dosage, but 2 g/kg of decoction and fluid extract is ineffective. Oral ethanol extract solution can increase urine volume in rats, but the combination of Polyporus umbellatus decoction and deoxycorticosterone has no effect on urine volume and salt excretion in rats with adrenalectomy. Polyporus umbellatus does not contain high potassium (3 mg%) and does not dilute blood. Its diuretic effect may be due to inhibiting the reabsorption of electrolytes and water by renal tubules. The decoction of Wuqin Powder (Polyporus, Poria, Atractylodes macrocephala, Alisma orientalis and Ramulus Cinnamomi) is injected intravenously into dogs, which increases the urine output and increases the excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride ions. The alcohol-extracted water solution also has obvious diuretic effect when taken orally by rats, and Ramulus Cinnamomi is the most obvious one among its components.
② Antibacterial effect
The alcohol extract of Polyporus umbellatus has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Processing and cleaning mud and sand, moistening and slicing, and drying.
On Lei Gong's Baked Grifola: "When the Grifola umbellata is collected, it is cut with a copper knife, and then it is cut thinly. It is soaked in flowing water for one night until it seeps out, and then it is finely cut. It is steamed with Cimicifuga leaves for one day, and then it is taken out, cleaned and dried."
sweet and light in taste.
① Ben Jing: "Sweet and flat."
② Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Slight fever."
③ Li Gao: "Light and sweet, flat."
meridian entering spleen, kidney and bladder.
① "Herbal Decoction": "Enter the full sun and the little yin meridian."
② Medication: "Entering the spleen and bladder."
③ Interpretation of Materia Medica: "Entering the Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian."
it is mainly used for diuresis and diuresis. Treat dysuria, water swelling, beriberi, diarrhea, stranguria, turbidity and leukorrhagia.
① Classic: "Controlling sarcoidosis and benefiting waterways."
② Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Relieve typhoid fever, sweating, swelling and full of acute pain."
③ Pearl Capsule: "Drain, quench thirst, and treat stranguria."
④ The Origin of Medicine: "Dryness and dehumidification. ""The Secret of Attending "says," I am depressed. "
⑤ Introduction to Medicine: "Treating heatstroke and quenching thirst."
⑥ 《 Compendium 》: "Open the sputum, treat stranguria, swelling, beriberi, white turbidity, leukorrhagia, stranguria in pregnancy and unfavorable urination."
usage and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 2 ~ 4 yuan; Or into the pill, scattered.
people who are wet without water should avoid taking it.
① Medical Origin: "Polyporus umbellatus is lightly infiltrated, and it is too dry to kill body fluid. Do not take it without dampness syndrome."
② Introduction to Medicine: "People with dampness and kidney deficiency should avoid it."
(3) DEBEI Herbal Medicine: "Blindness of eyes, thirst without dampness, both of which are forbidden."
recipe ① is used to treat pulse floating fever, thirst for drinking water and adverse urination: one or two of Polyporus (peeled), Poria, Alisma orientalis, Colla Corii Asini and Talcum (crushed). Four liters of water is used to serve the five flavors. Cook four flavors first, take two liters, remove me, melt the donkey-hide gelatin, take seven times with warm clothes, and take three times a day. (Zhuling Decoction in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)
② Treatment of pregnancy with swelling from feet to abdomen, unfavorable urination and slight thirst: at the end, take a square inch knife with boiled water three times a day. (Secret Records of Mother and Child)
③ No matter how long it takes to cure sarcoidosis, there are one or two polyporus, five pennies of Poria, four pennies of Bupleurum, one penny of San Qian Pinellia, one penny of licorice, three slices of ginger and two jujubes. Three bowls of water and one bowl of frying. Take it before you send it, fry the residue again, and take it after you send it. (Fang mai Jia Bao)
④ To treat cold and dampness in the stomach, excessive diarrhea, and appetite for lying down: half a piece of Polyporus umbellatus (with black skin removed), two pieces of nutmeg (with shell removed and processed), and one piece of Cortex Phellodendri (with coarse skin removed and roasted). The three flavors are smashed into powder, and rice is mixed with pills, such as mung beans. Ten pills are taken each time, and cooked underwater before eating. (Zhuling Pill in Shengji Zonglu)
⑤ Treating zilin: Zhuling Wuliang. Tamping sieve, with white soup in three, and square inch dagger as one suit, gradually to two knives, three nights and two days, do not worry, it is appropriate to turn it down and take it away. (Xiao Pian Fang)
⑤ The cure year is full of vigor and vitality, and wet dream is turbid: Pinellia ternata is one or two, Polyporus is one or two. The file of Pinellia ternata is as big as a bean, and Polyporus is the end. First, stir-fry Pinellia ternata until it is yellow, but not scorched, and remove fire poison on the ground for half a day, taking Pinellia ternata as the end; Mix half of Polyporus umbellatus powder with pills, such as the size of Tung seed, and mix the pills with the rest of Polyporus umbellatus powder to make them dry and keep them in oil sand bottles. Take 4 pills each time, under the hollow warm wine and salt soup, and under the cold wine between Shenwei. (Jisheng Fang Zhuling Pill)
⑦ Treat vomiting and get sick on the diaphragm, and those who think about water: Polyporus, Poria and Atractylodes macrocephala. Three flavors are served, and the pestle is scattered. Drink a square inch knife and take it three times a day. (Zhuling Powder in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)
8 Typhoid fever and thirst. Use one or two of Polyporus, Poria, Alisma orientalis, Talcum and Colla Corii Asini, add four liters of water and cook into two liters. Seven times per serving. Take it three times a day. This recipe is called "Zhuling Decoction".
pet-name ruby is swollen all over the body, which is unfavorable for urination. Use five taels of Polyporus, and think about it. Take one spoonful each time and send it with boiled water. Take it three times a day.
⑩ Pregnancy swelling and thirst (swelling of stomach and abdomen, unfavorable urination). The treatment is the same as above.
The famous scholar discussed ① 《 Materia Medica 》: "Polyporus umbellatus has many merits in running water. If it is taken for a long time, it will damage kidney qi and make people dizzy."
② Medication Heart Method: "Polyporus umbellatus, suffering to relieve stagnation, being willing to help yang, being weak to help orifices, can remove dampness and facilitate urination."
③ Compendium: "Polyporus umbellatus is light in permeability, and its qi can rise and fall, so it can dredge channels and facilitate urination, which is as good as Poria, but it is not as good as Poria."
(4) A Summary of Materia Medica: "Polyporus umbellatus is a medicine that permeates moisture, benefits waterways and decomposes yin and yang. This medicine is sweet and slightly bitter. Although the bitterness decreases, it can permeate and disperse, rise and fall, and fall and rise. Therefore, it is good at opening the phlegm and separating the qi of yang and yin to facilitate urination. Therefore, the former ancient times dominated malaria. Zhen Shi Fang governs typhoid fever and epidemic fever. It can sweat away evil spirits. This is beneficial to show yang qi outside. Zhang's prescription is mainly responsible for swelling and acute pain in the abdomen, depression in the heart, malaria dysentery and diarrhea, which is beneficial to the internal yin. Zhang Zhongjing used Wuling powder to stop vomiting when he treated the sun's pulse floating, fever, thirst quenching and dysuria. In winter, people who cough with cold and fever like malaria are called phlegm wind, and Wuling powder is used to determine their cough. "All these three methods focus on Polyporus umbellatus, which can enlighten the mind and benefit the wonderful use of Yin and Yang."
⑤ 《 Drug Meaning 》: "Polyporus umbellatus has a light taste, which is mainly caused by osmosis. It enters the spleen to clear water channels, and it is the quickest way to treat jaundice by controlling water, removing dampness, eliminating edema and treating jaundice. Therefore, cloud and amber work together. "However, it can't be used as the main agent. Tonifying drugs should be used to strengthen the spleen, purging drugs should be used to regulate the spleen, warming drugs should be used to warm the spleen, and cooling drugs should be used to clear the spleen. Anyone with severe spleen deficiency is afraid of draining the vitality, so be careful."
⑥ Materia Medica: "There is a cloud in the prescription, and those who are wet in the spleen and stomach must use Polyporus and Alisma orientalis to distinguish the principle. According to Polyporus umbellatus, from Yang to Chang Yin, the so-called ascending and descending of Jiegu is Yang; Alisma orientalis reaches Yang from Yin, and the so-called sinking and descending in Jiegu is Yin. "The two flavors are combined to separate Yin and Yang."
⑦ 《 Changsha Yaoxie 》: "Polyporus umbellatus is more effective than Poria cocos in draining water. However, the nature of water, not civil engineering, can not walk alone. Polyporus umbellatus powder is beneficial to water, and it has dry and wet soil of Atractylodes macrocephala. The water of Zhuling soup has Ejiao Qingfengmu; The benefits of Wuling are the dry soil of Atractylodes macrocephala and the wood of Guizhi. "Eight flavors of water, cassia twig, and the breeze of rehmannia root: if you only want to benefit the pigs, Fu, Slippery and Ze people, you may not be able to play a wonderful role."
⑧ "Seeking Truth in Materia Medica": "Polyporus, all four or five prescriptions, and all use this. Although it is similar to Alisma orientalis, it enters the bladder and kidney meridian together, relieving fever and removing dampness, and promoting diuresis. However, if the water disappears, the spleen will be dry, and if the water is exhausted, the qi will go away; Although Alisma orientalis is both beneficial to water and dry in nature, it is mostly salty and still moist. Although Ze cures fire, its nature is also harmful to qi, but moistening can nourish yin, and it is still nourishing. Therefore, pigs must be combined with Alisma orientalis for the same use, so that the dryness is suitable and even, and there is no prejudice. As for Poria cocos, although it belongs to osmotic agent, it can go away when it is wet, but it goes up when it enters the air, but it goes down when it enters the blood, and it is combined with Alisma orientalis to induce diuresis, reduce swelling, treat malaria and stop dysentery, etc., all of which are considered as the need of propaganda and guidance. The ancients have cleared the clouds and promoted urination, so there is only Alisma orientalis, not Polyporus, which is called this ear. "However, this specialty is for water diversion, and the body fluid is easily consumed, which will damage your eyes if you take it for a long time."
Polyporus umbellatus is the sclerotium of Polyporaceae, which is often parasitic on the trunk or root of maple, oak, birch and linden. Li Shizhen said, "Polyporus umbellatus can't work as well as Poria cocos, but it is not as good as Poria cocos when it is used as tonic." Remind you: Polyporus umbellatus, a Chinese herbal medicine, comes from the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before using it.