Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a writer, thinker and revolutionary. Formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, the word Yucai, later renamed Shu Ren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a broken scholar-bureaucrat family. Lu Xun was his pen name when he 19 18 published Diary of a Madman. Lu Xun 1898 went to Nanjing to study abroad, and 1902 went to Japan to study medicine. Later, he felt that it was more important to cure the numb national spirit than to cure the physical diseases, so he turned to advocate the literary movement. 1909, after returning to China, he taught in middle schools, Hangzhou and Shaoxing. 19 12 went to Beijing, worked in the Ministry of Education, and served as a lecturer in Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University. 19 18 participated in the editing of New Youth and published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in New Youth. Later, he published Kong Yiji, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q and other famous novels, wrote a lot of essays and essays, criticized old ideas and old morality, and became a member of the New Culture Movement. 1923, the first novel collection "Scream" was published, which became the foundation stone of China's new literature. From August 65438 to August 0926, he was a professor at Xiamen University and Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou. 1927 10 settled in Shanghai, engaged in literary writing, participated in the organization of the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Union, became the actual leader and banner of the left-wing cultural movement in China, and became a great man of the cultural revolution in China in the struggle against the "encirclement and suppression" of Kuomintang culture. Before his death, he published three novels, two essays, fifteen essays, a newsletter and two works on literary history. Lu Xun also made outstanding achievements in translating foreign literature and sorting out ancient books in China.
Classic fragment
Every time I see primary school students looking at a rough children's world with joy and thinking of the exquisite books used by children in other countries, I naturally feel sorry for the children in China. But when I recall my childhood with my classmates, I can't help but think that he is happy and pay a sad condolence to our eternal youth. What are we going to see then? As long as there is a little picture in the book, it will be banned, reprimanded and even slapped by the then "predecessor" teacher. My little classmate died because he was bored reading "Nature is good at the beginning of life", so he had to secretly open the first page and look at the devil-like kuixing with the words "satellite shining high" to satisfy his naive nature of loving beauty. I saw this yesterday and this today, but their eyes are still shining with the light of awakening and joy.
Outside the bookstore, the ban can be relatively lenient, but this is your own business, and everyone is probably different. I can read it in public with dignity. This is "Wen Chang Di Yin Jun Twain's Theory" and "Li Yuchao's Biography", both of which are painted with stories of punishing evil and promoting good. Lei Gong Dian Mu stood in the clouds, his head and horse face were covered with the ground. Not only is it against the dogma to "jump up", but even if he doesn't say a word, he will suffer considerable retribution. This newspaper is not a "bitter complaint", because that place is where ghosts and gods are king, "justice" is slaughtered, and wine is invited to kneel down, all in vain, which is simply unimaginable. Between heaven and earth in China, it is difficult not only to be a man, but also to be a ghost. However, there is a better place than the dead: no "gentlemen" and no "gossip".
-"Twenty-four Filial Pieties"
Humorous words
◆ Sometimes I often think: His earnest hope and tireless teaching to me are all for China, that is, I hope that China will have new medicine; Generally speaking, it is for academic purposes, that is, I hope that new medicine will spread to China. His personality is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people.
-"Mr. Fujino"
◆ People can stand upright, which is naturally a great progress; Being able to speak is naturally a big step forward; Being able to write a composition is naturally a big step forward. However, it also degenerated, because at that time, empty talk began.
-Dogs, cats and mice
Reading teaching
The works in Morning Flowers and Evening Picks are all reminiscences, but they are not monotonous records of the past, but beautiful prose treasures written with skillful literary techniques. The author captures those unforgettable life fragments, describes them vividly, and chooses individual plots and details to describe the characters, which makes the works full of rich life flavor and vivid and impressive characters. In particular, the author is good at describing the appearance and mentality of characters, and writes them vividly. For example, in A Chang and Shan Hai Jing, it is written that on New Year's Eve, the dragon mother taught Lu Xun how to eat oranges, how to say the word "auspicious", and waited for Lu Xun's "congratulations" in the early morning of the New Year's Day, vividly showing the desire and surprise of this rural woman for happiness and blessing. From the Herbal Garden to the San Tan Yin Yue, the old gentleman "always smiles, looks up and bends down" when reading aloud. Several strokes vividly show the old gentleman's fascination with God. Another example is "Fan Ainong". After learning that his teacher was killed, Fan Ainong refused to listen to public opinion and opposed the details of sending a protest letter, and vividly portrayed his extremely indignant mood and stubborn Geng Jie character. The rich flavor of life and vivid characters make "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening" have high artistic appreciation value.
In terms of writing techniques, these works combine narrative, description, lyricism and discussion organically and are poetic. For example, the scenery of the Herbal Garden is vividly described: green vegetable fields, smooth stone well fences, tall acacia trees, purple mulberry trees, cicadas singing among leaves, larks flying into the sky from the grass, oil flies singing, crickets playing the piano, and cantharides spitting smoke from behind their mouths ... This constitutes an interesting landscape painting. The author combines the memory of the past with the discussion of the disadvantages of the times naturally and appropriately, seamlessly. Ironic language, vivid metaphor, satire, satire, sharp and interesting, thought-provoking. In narration and discussion, related fairy tales, legends and allusions are often inserted, such as dogs? Cat? The enemy story of dogs and cats in the German fairy tale Rat, the legend of Catwoman in Japan, and the legend of beautiful snake in From Baicaoyuan to Santan Reflecting the Moon all add interest to reading. The language of the work is fresh, simple, cordial and touching, and it is a model of modern reminiscence prose. Content essence
The work "Flowers in the Morning" describes the author's childhood life and the course of studying in his youth, recalls those unforgettable people and events, and expresses his nostalgia for his former relatives and teachers. In the narrative and discussion, the work attacked and mocked the reactionary conservative forces. The first work, the dog? Cat? Rats are triggered by attacking "gentlemen", mocking the "gossip" they spread, and expressing their hatred for cats' characteristics of "torturing the weak", "barking everywhere" and sometimes "coquetry". Recall the experience and feeling that a lovely hidden mouse saved as a child was destroyed. It shows sympathy for the weak and hatred for the oppressor.
"A Chang and Shan Hai Jing" recalls the scene of getting along with the nanny Dragon Mother when I was a child, and describes the dragon mother's kind, simple, superstitious and nagging character. "Full stomach is a troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.
Starting with the children's books at that time, Twenty-four Filial Paintings recalls the feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Paintings when I was a child, and reveals the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. The stories of filial piety, such as "Seeking carp on the ice", "Old Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", are emphatically analyzed, accusing this feudal filial piety of ignoring children's lives, taking nausea as pleasure, "taking unkindness as a training, slandering ancient evils and teaching future generations ill". The work sharply criticized the tendency of opposing vernacular Chinese and advocating retro at that time.
Wu Canghui describes the eagerness and excitement when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to recite Jian lue. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.
Impermanence describes the image of impermanence seen in the countryside and drama stage when I was a child, which shows that the straightforward and fair image of impermanence is loved by the people because there is no justice in the world, the wicked can't get what they deserve, and "fair trial is in the underworld". In the discussion, under the banner of "justice" and "justice", the article made a bitter mockery of "gentleman".
From Baicaoyuan to Sanyan Yinyue, I described the fun in Baicaoyuan's home and the boring life of studying in Santan Yinyue when I was a child, revealed the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interests in life and feudal bookstore education that bound children's nature, and expressed the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.
"Father's Disease" recalls the scene of delaying treatment for his father as a child, describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors", and reveals their ignorance of witchcraft and medicine, mystifying, extortion and disregard for the essence of human life.
The above seven works describe the fragments of Lu Xun's childhood life in his hometown, showing the human feelings and social features at that time, and are valuable chapters for understanding young Lu Xun. The following three works, Xiaozi Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong, describe Lu Xun's experience after leaving his hometown to study in Nanjing and Japan, leaving a heavy footprint on young Lu Xun's pursuit of truth.
Miscellaneous Notes tells how Lu Xun went to Nanjing to study and look for "another kind of person". The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Naval Academy (later renamed Thunder Academy) and Mining Railway Academy at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization Academy. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.
"Mr Fujino" records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, saying that "his character is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people". Expressed deep affection for Mr. Fujino.
Fan Ainong traces the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society before the revolution and his pursuit of the revolution, as well as his persecution after the Revolution of 1911. It shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.
Time background
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are a collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun in 1926 and *** 10. When it was first published in Mangyuan magazine, the total title was Resurrection of the Past, and 1927 was compiled into a collection cost, which was changed to its current name. When Lu Xun wrote these works, he was severely oppressed by the authorities of the Northern Warlords and various hostile forces. 1925 was attacked and slandered by "gentlemen" for supporting the student movement. 1March, 926 18, Beiyang warlord government shot and killed progressive students. Lu Xun was wanted by the reactionary government and had to teach at Xiamen University. Later, he was excluded by conservative forces. Under such circumstances, Mr. Lu Xun once said: "At this time, I don't want to think about the present; So the memory in my heart was excavated. " Of this 10 work, the first five were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Although they are reminiscence articles, they all reflect the traces of social struggle at that time.
Good sentences:
I immediately got excited, willy-nilly, took off my shoes, grabbed the lifebuoy from my mother, jumped into the arms of the sea barefoot and cheered.
"plop!" "plop!" Everyone "regardless of their own health" plunged into the clear river. Some of them flopped in the water with their hands and feet, some floated on the water with their bellies down, and some dived into the water like loaches.
The river, which was quiet just now, suddenly became noisy: shouts and laughter came one after another, splashing water, hitting water and splashing water, and you ran after me, which was a mess.
Good paragraph:
We took off our clothes in a hurry by the river, plunged into the river and immediately began to have a water fight and chase and play. You see, we are divided into two teams, one is the "enemy" and the other is the "Red Army". A pair of small palms splashed water on each other, and everyone's face was covered with crystal beads. The water blurred our eyes, so we all stepped aside, wiped them off with our hands, and then "attacked" violently. The whole river suddenly became noisy, shouting and laughing, and merged into a cheerful symphony. Tired of playing with water fights, I chased after them in the river. One chased, the other ran, and crossed the water. A small body is as slippery as a loach and can't be caught. The songs and laughter on the river are now far away from the two sides.
We naughty boys will come to Xiaoshiwan in small groups, take off our pants and go into the water naked, regardless of their parents' repeated advice. Diving, vertical dragonflies, water fights, tumbling over the river, chasing around in the water like a little loach, shouting and beating, I really can't say it.
Several children, barefoot, treading water to play in the heavy rain! Red is a singer. When she sings, she picks up the rain from the sky with her hands. Xiao Yu and Ding Ding, who followed her, stepped on the rain stream on the ground, swinging their arms rhythmically, and looked up from time to time to let the rain wash their faces. At this time, my heart itched, so I quickly took off my shoes, rolled up my trouser legs and rushed out of the door. I just ran behind Honghong and plopped. I fell on my back and the splashing water fell on Honghong. Hong Hong turned around and said with a smile, "Hit Reservoir Dogs!" Say that finish, paddle with your feet and hit me. Without getting up, I quickly raised the water to my flushed face with both hands and shouted happily, "Come on! Come on! " Red can't stand it. She cried, "Oh, my God!" She quickly covered her face with her hand and turned her head back. "reinforcements are coming!" With cheerful cries, Xiao Yu and Ding Ding came at me. I immediately put my hands and feet together and threw a series of water columns at Xiaoyu and Tintin. "Hee hee hee-!" "Ha ha ha-!" The endless rain curtain echoed with our happy laughter.
Others:
1. If the blackboard is a vast sea, then the teacher is a sailor on the sea. At the moment when the bell rings, you paddle the textbook parked in the harbor like a paddle with the teacher's whip. On the desk, problems piled up. Your posture is lifelike, like a flying bird, drawing a beautiful arc on the platform-ships pass by ... there is no cloud floating in the sky, just like your bright heart.
2. Hope comes from disappointment, and rise begins with worry. As a poet said, people who feel hungry must digest well, people who feel anxious must be efficient, and people who feel crisis must make rapid progress.
Don't wander under the tree, don't meditate in the rain, and don't cry in the dark. Look forward, don't look back, as long as you face it bravely and raise your head, you will find that the haze of scores is just a short rainy season. Looking ahead, there is still a bright day, and people will not feel confused.
4. The soft sunshine hangs obliquely on the branches and leaves of pine and cypress, which looks so quiet and solemn. On the green lawn and the white cement road, the footsteps are so light, but everyone's heart is so excited and thoughts are surging.
The ocean of life is not as blue as Xizi Lake. As time goes by, it is sometimes as calm as a mirror, sometimes the waves splash, and sometimes the waves soar into the sky ... People often become stronger after being tested by big winds and waves.
6. When you are immersed in warm air, birds and flowers, green mountains and green waters, fertile fields, you will be intoxicated; When you face the golden autumn season, you will be ecstatic. Have you ever thought that abundant spring scenery is heroic after severe cold baptism, but the beautiful scenery in autumn is the crystallization after melting in hot summer? ............... (He Tingting)
7. If you want to harvest fruits in the autumn, then in the early spring when the chill invades people, you should roll up your trouser legs and tirelessly open up wasteland, sow seeds and cultivate until the day of harvest.
8. Life is a winding path in the mountains, with bumps on the side and cliffs on the side. If you fall, cry if you want. What are you afraid of? Stop pretending! This is honesty, not weakness, because crying does not affect the road, but you can be careful. The mountains are full of flowers and the scenery is pleasant. If you are intoxicated, smile happily, don't pretend to be reserved! This is honesty, not pride, because smiling does not affect the road, but can increase self-confidence.
9. Love is the sunshine in winter. People who are hungry and cold feel the warmth of the world. Love is a clear spring in the desert, and people who are on the verge of despair have seen the hope of life; Love is a shower sprinkled on the long-term arid land, which makes the lonely and helpless people get spiritual comfort immediately. Mao Dan.
10, days always pass through your fingertips like spun yarn, and slip away inadvertently. Those sadness and misuse, with the waves gently faded, leaving the joy and smile, will always remain in the depths of memory.
1 1, the melancholy mood vanished. 12, faded memory. 13, another peaceful home is smoking.
14, some memories are burned, some memories are buried in the bottom of my heart, and the age of innocence is like flowing water across the golden age.
15, I want to melt in the pink peach petals and erase the worries in your heart all day. 16, I completely read my parents' hearts.
17, maternal love is a masterpiece that I can't finish reading all my life; Motherly love is the sky that I can never fly out. ..... Zhang Weiwei
18, when the yellow autumn leaves are swaying in the wind and floating out of the school gate in late autumn. In the moonlight, my father's shadow is very long, and my skinny father is wrapped in a huge windbreaker, and my heart is sour. Lin Jingying, ....................................
19, the true feelings in the world are like a big net, which warms people's hearts all the time, just like maternal love, which is endless.
20. Time is a poem, a philosophical poem of the richest man. Time is a camel carrying the dreams of countless people.
2 1, the fate of the ship lies in drifting; The fate of sails lies in chasing the wind and waves; The fate of life lies in grasping and believing in life.
22. Past events are like songs. In the journey of life, despite ups and downs and full of regrets, the beauty of youth has not been lost. Believe in yourself, there is always hope. Let's remember that sentence: I won't cry if I miss the sun, otherwise I will miss the moon and stars.
If you fail in life, please don't write sad tears on your face. Failure is also a gain. The most important thing in life is to have full courage and the courage to start a business.
24, once thought that a helpless cry, the memo is all the vicissitudes of the world; A small setback and a memo are all failures in life. When I was fourteen, I told me ...
25. The moonlight is quiet. Raindrops pattered on the hut. In the dim light, mother sewed the homeless clothes tightly. Suddenly, a cold wind squeezed into the window gap of the hut. My mother seemed to have caught a cold and coughed a few times with deep tiredness. I woke up in my dream and stared at my old mother under the lamp. ...
26. At night, the spring breeze blows gently. I sat on the colorful steps with my chin cupped, and another unforgettable thing came to my mind.
If the blackboard is a vast sea, then the teacher is a sailor on the sea. At the moment when the bell rings, you paddle the textbook parked in the harbor like a paddle with the teacher's whip. On the desk, problems piled up. Your posture is lifelike, like a flying bird, drawing a beautiful arc on the platform-ships pass by ... there is no cloud floating in the sky, just like your bright heart.
2. Hope comes from disappointment, and rise begins with worry. As a poet said, people who feel hungry must digest well, people who feel anxious must be efficient, and people who feel crisis must make rapid progress.
Don't wander under the tree, don't meditate in the rain, and don't cry in the dark. Look forward, don't look back, as long as you face it bravely and raise your head, you will find that the haze of scores is just a short rainy season. Looking ahead, there is still a bright day, and people will not feel confused.
4. The soft sunshine hangs obliquely on the branches and leaves of pine and cypress, which looks so quiet and solemn. On the green lawn and the white cement road, the footsteps are so light, but everyone's heart is so excited and thoughts are surging.
The ocean of life is not as blue as Xizi Lake. As time goes by, it is sometimes as calm as a mirror, sometimes the waves splash, and sometimes the waves soar into the sky ... People often become stronger after being tested by big winds and waves.
Make an appreciative comment
brief
Point 1:
The articles collected in "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks" are all reminiscence essays. Prose is the most personal style, and the author's mood when writing is relatively relaxed and quiet, so his brushwork is also quite free: either recalling childhood events with great interest, or talking about ghosts and gods in hometown operas, or cherishing the memory of characters, or revealing the deepest pain in his heart ~ ~ ~ The writing is natural and kind, infecting you, and it seems that you have seen the past in Mr. Lu Xun's memory. It is an affectionate old film with beautiful or sad or humorous pictures.
The second point:
In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality, and occasionally inserts some "essays" (that is, comments on the reality), so the article integrates narration, lyricism and discussion, showing Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich spiritual world.
The third point:
Because the author has a mind that roams freely in the vast space-time between the past and reality, his language style is also rich and varied.
The fourth point:
The author is very good at absorbing the small details in life, seeing the big from the small, writing the charm of characters and writing the essence of events.
The fifth point:
Because prose is a very free style, the author has no certain rules in the layout of the article. It seems to be written by letters and pens, and the ideas are scattered, but it is inseparable from the "spirit" of the article.
The sixth point:
The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. Describing the whole story calmly on the surface is actually an irony, which implies the ingenious irony of "saying this and meaning that".
Point seven:
The author often uses contrast in his prose.
Life is always full of contradictions between truth and falsehood, good and evil, beauty and ugliness. Therefore, the use of contrast effectively lashed the false, evil and ugly, promoted the truth, goodness and beauty, and enhanced the expressive force of the article. At the same time, we can also see that Lu Xun's great hatred, great love and love and hate are clear.
If not, I'll help you find it. I'll give you 30 points if I can. Thank you.
That's really tiring. Hehe, I have to do more than you, and I have to write 2 1 reading notes. I'm trying my best to help you divide them up or integrate what I do.