In terms of types, the seals of Zhong ancient books can be roughly divided into four categories, namely: ① famous seals; 2 appreciate the seal; 3 admonition seal; 4 leisure seal.
Famous seal is the most important seal of Zhong in ancient books, because it shows the ownership of ancient books.
All official book collection institutions, such as Wen Yuan Pavilion, Wen Yuan Pavilion, Wenshui Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion, Wen Hui Pavilion, Wenzong Pavilion, Wen Lan Pavilion and even various modern libraries, are called official seals; Those belonging to people's names, ideograms, pavilions, and fasting halls are called private seals.
The private printing of clocks in ancient books of the Ming Dynasty is mostly simple, such as the private printing of famous bibliophiles. Golden hair? 、? Shi Mao Zi Jin? 、? Golden retriever's national seal? 、? Golden retriever printed privately? 、? Master Ji Gu? 、? Stereotyped pavilion? 、? Soochow Shi Mao Books? Wait, sometimes alone? Mao? Or? Kim? The two words are linked together. Another famous book collection
Huang Yuji, also use it more? Huang Wei's seal? 、? Yu Wei? This is printed in one word.
Book collectors in the Qing Dynasty often carved county names, people's names and table characters together, such as Ji, and its chapter said:? What is Ji's word today? * * * nine words. Xu's seal, yes? Xu Kunshan Jian 'an Library? , also nine words. And Zha Shen Xing's seal is:? Haining tea word Xia Zhong also said regret? , * * * twelve words. Modern bibliophiles also have similar seals, such as the famous scholar Zheng Zhenduo's Book Seal:? Changle Zheng Zhenduo Xidi Collection? . This chapter was written, printed and printed by Mr. Wei, a famous scholar, all using ordinary simplified characters, which is rare for general book printing. It can be seen that Mr. Wei, as a linguist, spared no effort in popularizing simplified characters. There are also single-engraved titles, such as Ji? The chapter of empire? . But this seal must work with other famous seals, so that people can know who it refers to, otherwise, it will almost lose its meaning. For example, the "Six Classics Map" in the seventh volume of Tian Bibliography is only? Hanyang satrap seal? . It's hard to determine whose it is. It is worth mentioning that there is also a kind of seal, which does not directly write the name, but recognizes the name by reading the printed words. For example, Mr. Qi Gong, a famous contemporary scholar and painter, has one? Thanks to? Seals. Dayu's son is Kai, so? Yu Xia? Accommodation, of course Kay? So, what else? Work? Next, isn't this Mr. Qi Gong's name?
In addition to name seals, appreciation seals are also common in ancient books. Like what? An appreciation seal? 、? Mo Yunqing appreciates it? 、? Please go to the fasting appreciation chapter? Wait, it's all straight cloud appreciation? Or? Appreciation? You can tell at a glance. Some seals are not engraved? Appreciation? , for example? The secret of golden retriever? 、? Jin Mao secretly plays? 、? Jinbao? And so on, should also belong to the appreciation chapter, indicating the appreciation of ancient books. Some appreciate Zhang Zhishu's achievements, such as? Great ink? 、? Tianpa Yunjin? 、? Rare treasures? 、? Rare book? 、? Song Ben? 、? Motomoto？ 、? Answer?
And other seals, all belong to this category.
The admonition chapter in ancient books, for official books, is engraved with some rules that readers must abide by. For example, The Interpretation of the Spring and Autumn Ram in the first volume of Tianlu Lin Lang Bibliography was originally the official book of Ezhou Guoxue, which contained admonitions: Hubei Pan's official document, take it to the thief! ? This means that leaving with books will be regarded as a thief, and its rules are extremely strict. For private books, the main thing is to hope that future generations will keep their books forever. Most of these seals are nothing more than? Children and grandchildren forever? 、? Is it unfilial to you and your borrower? Something like that
There are also many admonitions, such as Five Books on Disciples' Grades in the Tenth Bureau of Zhang Song, which is contained in the fourth volume of Tianlu Lin Lang Bibliography. There is a chapter in the book, with seven lines and eight words in each line. * * * Fifty-six words: Zhao's official book. There is a cloud at the end of the book: five scholars worked hard to leave the book to future generations.
If future generations don't study, they will be ruined. Their family sounds worse than poultry calves.
If you go back to his room, you should read your words, not whether you have peace or not.
The seals of ancient books also have common idle chapters. The so-called leisure chapter, that is, this seal only expresses personal feelings and has no practical significance to books. For example, a biography of the Spring and Autumn Annals recorded in the first volume of Tianlu Lin Lang Bibliography, that is, there is a leisurely saying: Good wine and good drink teach you to be slightly drunk, and good flowers see half flowers. ? Another example is the "New Collection of Articles on Ancient and Modern Events" recorded in Book 9. There is a leisure chapter on it:? Chew on this exhibition, and call yourself GE Shi Tian. ? This kind of seal, in terms of its meaning, is hard to say that it is not elegant, but it is dispensable when engraved in a book and has no real meaning. Neighbor Ye Dehui said in his book Ten Covenants on Collection of Books. I saw that people in Song and Yuan Dynasties collected books, rubbings, calligraphy and painting, and used many names, either two-character names or three-character names. This is also the right way. In the Ming dynasty, the men and women of the mountain people began to use leisure chapters, immersed in the literati, and learned from each other without knowing their customs. It shows that it is not popular to stamp leisure chapters on books, and it is even considered a vulgar thing.
The seals on ancient books, especially those of celebrities, can greatly improve the value of books, so they are often forged.
This is particularly noteworthy.