Comment on the Content of Biography of Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period

Although Biography of Gu Liang was written in Han Dynasty, its geographical position is far lower than that of Zuo Zhuan and Yang Gongzhuan. Although it was established as a scholar when Emperor Xuan Di announced its establishment, it failed to become an outstanding scholar. From the advocacy of Emperor Gaozu to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were only more than ten people including Yin, Tang Gu, Kong Yan, Jiang, Cheng Chan, Xu Xianmin, Xu Gan, Hu Ne and Duan Su. Fan felt that his annotations were superficial and ignorant, and his rhetoric was not profound. He also quoted Zuo Zhuan and Ram Zhuan. In fact, Fan Zhuan is a comprehensive work on Gu Liangzhuan in Han and Jin Dynasties, which systematically summarizes and sorts out the annotations in previous dynasties and makes great contributions to the research and dissemination of Gu Liangxue. After the book was written, it was highly valued at that time, and it was also the earliest annotation of Gu Liangzhuan. After Fan's note, there was Xu Miao's note, so there are many miscellaneous comments in this note. After the Six Dynasties, at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there was no scholar to explain the significance of Gu Liang Zhuan, so the study of Gu Liang was once again in Ji Shen. During Emperor Taizong's reign, Shi Xun assisted Kong and others in compiling Zuozhuan Justice. He made a second systematic arrangement and research on Gu Liangchuan, taking one person's strength as a model, interpreting righteousness, dividing tendons, cutting complexity and clarifying righteousness. No matter from any aspect, its value is far greater than that of its predecessors. However, due to the limitation of materials, there are few books to rely on, so compared with Zuo Zhuan Zheng written by everyone, it is not because scholars are not skilled enough. Throughout Yang Shu's works, he made great efforts to extensively collect quotations and preserve the old theories before the Tang Dynasty. However, because he didn't focus on the main theory, there were repeated ambiguities. He even felt that he paid attention to Gu Liang and belittled Gu Liang, which set a precedent for later scholars to say that the style of study was spread by suspicion. In a word, Zhu Fan and Yang Shu have made important contributions to the spread and development of ancient philology, occupying a very important position in the academic development history of ancient philology and representing the research level of ancient philology before the Middle Ages.