As long as there is a difference between a loan with its own character and a loan without its own character ~ ~

Tongue borrowing and borrowing are two very common homophone and homophone borrowing phenomena in ancient Chinese. Both of them are ways to record words with one homonym instead of another in the process of language development. The most fundamental difference between the two is that the general leave is "the original word" and the loan is "the original word". General borrowing refers to borrowing words with similar sounds without using ready-made orthography, and its essential feature is to borrow words according to their sounds; Borrowing is the breeding of word meaning through homonym substitution. A word gives birth to multiple meanings, and both the original meaning and the borrowed meaning are attached to the same Chinese character. Under the guise of mainly has the following manifestations. The first form of expression is: borrowing meaning occupies the original meaning of the glyph. Borrowing meaning often has strong vitality, which has been recognized by society and people in the long-term use process, and can even overcome the position that the original meaning replaces the original meaning. This anti-customer phenomenon is divided into two situations. In one case, the original meaning did not disappear, and people created a new word to express it. For example, "Ran" means burning, and "Shuowen Jiezi Huobu" says: "Ran, burning also." Later, it was used as a conjunction to make the word "Shao" express its original meaning. On the other hand, the original meaning gradually fades or even dies, and people no longer make words for the original meaning. For example, the original meaning of "I" refers to an ancient weapon. Later, it was given to the first person pronoun under the guise, and the original meaning disappeared. The second form of expression is that after a word is borrowed, the borrowed meaning is universal, and the original intention has not disappeared. Later, people coined new words for the borrowed meaning. For example, the original meaning of "monarch" is law. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Bi Bu": "Fa Ye." Later, he was used as an excuse to escape. "Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years": "There are people on the stage, and look at their play pills." Later, in order to avoid the meaning order, a word "avoid" was created. The third form of expression is: the original meaning and the borrowed meaning coexist for a long time, * * * uses the same glyph, and people have not created new words for any of them, so that one word can express two or more meanings at the same time. For example, "ear" means ear. Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Ear, subject listening, pictographic." Later used as modal particles. The word "ear" has two meanings and usages: ear and modal particles. The ancients used words as a habit, that is, a certain meaning originally had its own word, but for various reasons, the writer did not use this word, but used another word with the same pronunciation as this word. The meaning of interchangeable words and original words is only the same or similar pronunciation, and there is no connection or extension. This is a common phenomenon in the use of Chinese characters in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. For example, the original meaning of "pan" is to feed the fields, and the Notes on Explaining Characters in Shuowen: "It is often borrowed as a betrayal of characters". "Historical Records Xia Benji": "Since the Confucius family, there have been many princes in Xia." Walking through "rebellion" and betrayal "around". Just like "boudoir", the original meaning is that women get married. In The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo, "expensive" means giving. Replacing another word with a word with the same sound or similar sound is the biggest similarity between borrowing and borrowing. Therefore, some people think that there is no substantive difference between borrowing and not borrowing, whether it is borrowing without words or borrowing with words, it is a way to express sounds by borrowing words. First of all, Tong Jia is a homonym borrowing phenomenon of "this word has this word", that is, this word and Tongjia word exist at the same time. For example, the Book of Songs, Li Feng and Bai Zhou said, "Death is the opposite." The Chinese word "arrow" and the Chinese word "oath" existed at that time. Borrowing is a homonymy phenomenon of "no original word", which is a problem of internal use of a word. For example, the original meaning of "west" is the bird's nest, and "west": "birds are on the nest." Later, under the guise of feeding the west, there was still only one glyph after borrowing it. So it is a simple method to distinguish between borrowing and not borrowing. Secondly, the phenomenon of using words, which only temporarily borrowed a homophone, did not enrich the meaning of Chinese vocabulary. For example, Historical Records of Xiang Yu: "Fleas can't come to thank King Xiang." The word "flea" in Chinese is only said here in the morning. Without this language environment, it is still just a flea, with no new meaning. Borrowing is a means of word-making. Although borrowing does not directly produce new words, it can make the original words have new meanings. The glyph remains the same, but the meaning has increased. For example, the original meaning of "zi" is nose, and "Shuowen Jiezi Zizi Supplement: Later borrowed as the first person pronoun, resulting in a new meaning. "Er" means both "cheek hair" and conjunctions. Look at the word "uncle" again. Its original meaning is to feed "Jie", and it is also an excuse to feed "uncle". Finally, borrowing is only a temporary substitute, and its use is strictly limited by the context. As soon as the language environment changes, interchangeable words no longer exist. The meaning after borrowing is relatively fixed, and the use is generally not limited by the context. The interchangeable words in ancient books must be read according to pronunciation and interpreted according to meaning.