In addition, Ma, one of the surnames in China, is a typical multi-ethnic and multi-origin surname, which mainly comes from the surname won, the surname zi and the surname changed by ethnic minorities. Zhao She is the ancestor of surnames. Due to the law of changing a compound surname to a single surname in history, many Sima surnames were changed to Si surname and Ma surname. This phenomenon may be more common.
It can be seen that the descendants of the Sima family changed their surnames for various reasons. This is probably one of the reasons for the decline of the Sima family.
In addition, in the "Eight Kings Rebellion" that lasted for 16 years in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, eight kings of Sima family, including Wang Runan Sima Liang, Wang Chu Sima Wei, Wang Zhao Sima Lun, Wang Qi Sima Biao, Changsha Wang Sima Wa, Chengdu Sima Ying, Hejian Wang Sima Yu and Wang Donghai Sima Yue, all participated in it, killing each other and were later subjected to the "Five Rebellions". At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sima's regime fell into the hands of others, and the family power was also seriously traumatized. In the fierce social contradictions, Sima's family also lost many lives. This is also an important reason for the decline of the Sima family.
However, the decline of the Sima family may have the deepest reason. There are many historians, politicians and military strategists in the Sima family, but there are few wise and smooth figures and moralists, and almost no philosophers. Sima Guang can be regarded as a Confucian, but he has not formed a strong inheritance, and it is difficult to form a cultural climate and a personality climate. People's personality determines people's development, family's cultural climate determines family's development, and national cultural climate determines national development. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, descendants of Sima came here worried about the misfortune of Jiuzu. The big room was changed to Feng, the second room was added with the word "four" and the surname was "Tong", and then the place was named Xucun, and later it was changed to Xucun. Here, Ma = Feng He Si = kept the custom of not marrying each other for thousands of years, and this taboo was not broken for the first time until 1963.
(1) comes from Maya family in Dasitu, Han Dynasty, and belongs to a province where the surname was simplified and changed. There was a great Stuart in the Han Dynasty named Ma Gong, and his surname was Maya. Later Ma Gong was famous for his official research. Therefore, he omitted the word "Ya" in Maya and changed his surname to Ma Gong, which was passed down from generation to generation.
② From his surname to Ma. For example, there was a man in the Han Dynasty whose real name was Ma Ya, who went to study as an official and changed his name to Ma. After the Jin dynasty, a large number of Sima families changed to single surname Ma. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the Arab missionary Hamuzeba came from West Asia to settle in Longshan, Dongxiang (now Hamuzeling Village, Pingzhuang Township, dongxiang county City, Gansu Province) and spread Islamic teachings around it. Under the influence of Hamuzeba, northern minorities (some of whom may be Tibetans) around Longjiashan converted to Islam and gradually merged into Dongxiang. Most of them still keep their original surnames, but some of them have changed their surnames. For example, the Jia minority in Jiajiacun, dongxiang county changed their original surname to Ma after they converted to Islam. There is no Jia surname in Jiajiacun today, only Ma surname.
Due to the decline of the imperial power of Sima in Jin Dynasty, many Sima nobles changed their surnames in order to avoid persecution. After the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Sima family entered a period of stable development. In history, many Sima families changed their surnames to Si, Ma, Tong, Tong and Feng. Today, Sima's population ranks 549th with a population of 28,000. According to relevant data, Taoism prevailed in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. In fact, metaphysics prevailed and horse totem prevailed. People's love for horses reached an unprecedented level. Horses were no longer horses, but synonymous with success, speed and efficiency.
It is a symbol of good luck. Sima is a noble family, the most popular name in junior high school. The word Sima literally means that a horse is tied by a horse. When the horse became a totem, Sima became "unlucky" because the horse was a symbol of good luck. Under the pressure of culture, Sima decided to change his surname, so he took "Ma" as his surname.