Drug name: Kumaika.
Sonchus intybus, a compositae plant
[Alias] Dandelion, wild Ixeris sonchifolia, Ixeris yunnanensis and Leymus chinensis.
[Plant Morphology]
Perennial herb with milk and stolons. The stems on the ground are erect, 30 ~ 80 cm high. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the apex, sparsely carved or triangular-lobed, with small teeth at the edge and tapering at the base into stalks; Cauline leaves are sessile and the base is auricle-shaped. The head is the end, which is arranged in an umbrella or cone shape; Involucre campanulate; Flowers are yellow, and they are all tongue-shaped. Achenes are rectangular. The crown hair is white. It blooms from late autumn to early summer of the following year.
[Distribution Habitat] It is distributed in Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang, Wenshan and Honghe. Hillsides, roadsides and fields.
Medicinal parts] whole grass. This species was first recorded in the textual research on plant names and facts.
[Harvesting and processing] The whole grass is harvested, cut and washed in summer and autumn, and rarely used or dried for later use.
[Sexual taste] Bitter and cold.
[Function indication]
Clear away damp-heat, reduce swelling and discharge pus, remove blood stasis and detoxify. Can be used for treating pharyngolaryngitis, appendicitis, enteritis, dysentery, furuncle, carbuncle, breast abscess, postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis, and hemorrhoid.
Modern research can be found in the first volume of Yunnan Natural Medicine Illustrated Book.
Introduction, biological characteristics and medicinal value of dandelion.
First of all, an overview of dandelion hand twist? Alias huanghuamiao, huanghuadidi, Veronica, etc. It is a perennial herb of Taraxacum in Compositae.
1 Botanical morphology of dandelion The roots of dandelion are spindle-shaped or conical, growing vertically, buried deeply, single or branched. The stem above the ground is not obvious, and the height is 10-25cm. The whole plant is covered with white fluff and contains white milk. The leaves from the roots are scattered like rosettes, and the leaves are obovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, about 65438+ long. About 5 cm wide, the head is pinnate or pinnate, triangular, entire or with several teeth, the top is slightly blunt or sharp, and the base tapers into a stalk, with no hair or spider-like fur. Flowering in spring or autumn, the flower stem is shorter than or equal to the leaf, but it is elongated, and it bears spider-like hair when it bears fruit. The head is about 3.5cm in diameter, all covered with grass green, some of which can be reddish or purplish red, with or without small horns at the top, and white spider-like hair; Tongue-shaped flowers are bright yellow, with red strips at the top, bisexual, with 5 stamens, pistil 1 and lower ovary. Achenes are oblanceolate, khaki or tawny, about 4 cm long, with longitudinal and transverse tumors. The transverse tumors above the middle have spinelike protrusions, and the beak is 6-8 mm long, and the crown hair is white and tawny when mature.
2. Biological Characteristics of Dandelion Dandelion is a short-day plant, which is beneficial to bolting and flowering under high temperature and short-day conditions; It is more tolerant to shade, but good light conditions are conducive to the growth of stems and leaves. Strong adaptability, no choice of soil growth, sunny, fertile and humid sandy loam soil grows better. In early spring, seeds can germinate when the ground temperature is 1-2℃, and the seeds germinate fastest when the ground temperature is 15-20℃, and slowly when it is higher than 25-30℃. The optimum temperature for leaf growth is 15-22℃.
3. Dandelion resources are distributed in many countries in the world, such as America, France, Japan and Russia. There are also wild or planted dandelions. Dandelion is more widely distributed in China. Dandelion grows in North China, Central China, East China, Northeast China and other places. In spring, summer and autumn, dandelion is found in fields, roadsides, hillsides and houses. More and more units or individuals cultivate dandelion artificially, and the development and utilization of dandelion have broad prospects.
Second, the use of dandelion.
1, dandelion has high medicinal value. Dandelion can cure diseases, which has long been recorded in ancient books. For example, Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica said: "If a woman's breast boils and sweats, seal it and immediately eliminate it. Relieve food poisoning, dispel qi stagnation, turn heat toxin, eliminate malignant swelling, tuberculosis, treat swelling ... black beard and hair, strong bones and muscles. White juice: "Dandelion has high medicinal value. Triterpenoid alcohols in its roots include dandelion sterol, dandelion sainol, dandelion picrin, caffeic acid, inulin, pectin: inositol, asparagine, picrin, saponin, resin, inulin, pectin, choline: Ranunculus, vitamin B 2, etc. Dandelion is resistant to staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus and pneumococcus. Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae have certain bactericidal effects. For a long time, a large number of facts have proved that dandelion is a kind of precious Chinese herbal medicine with sweet, bitter and cold taste, which has many functions, such as clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating carbuncle and diminishing inflammation, cooling blood and diuresis, benefiting gallbladder and stopping diarrhea, strengthening stomach and preventing cancer. Indications: acute mastitis, mumps, lymphadenitis, etc. Acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, acute and chronic appendicitis, urinary system infection, osteomyelitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, duodenal ulcer, acne, acne, lithiasis and many cancers. Its prescription is widely circulated among the people, and I have also published it in many medical books and newspapers.
2. Dandelion has a good therapeutic effect. Dandelion, whether wild or cultivated, is a nutritious special vegetables. The edible part of fresh and tender dandelion accounts for about 84%, and every 100g edible part contains protein 4.8g, fat 1. 1g, sugar 5.0g, crude fiber 2. 1g and 265438. Vitamin B 10.03mg, vitamin B 20.39mg, vitamin c47.0mg and nicotinic acid10.9g dandelion are not only rich in nutrition, but also of high medicinal value. Therefore, it is not an ordinary special vegetables, but a precious diet vegetable. There is a saying in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Dandelion tender seedlings can be eaten and eaten raw. Dandelion can be fried or served as a cold salad. Of course, it can also be mixed with other dishes and condiments to make a good diet. For example, shredded pork with dandelion has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and resolving hard mass, and pork has the functions of nourishing yin, moistening dryness, tonifying middle energizer and benefiting qi. The combination of the two can not only be delicious, but also provide a variety of nutrients, so it can be used for dietotherapy for colds, gastritis, cough and bloody stool. Dandelion and garlic can be used as dietotherapy for acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, acute conjunctivitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, hepatitis, sores and carbuncle. Dandelion and mung bean soup can be used for dietotherapy of various inflammations, urinary tract infections and constipation. In addition, manufacturers can also make dandelion into dandelion coffee, dandelion drinks and a variety of health foods by deep processing, which can not only achieve good economic benefits, but also benefit people's health and promote the development of dandelion industry. It's really a win-win situation.
3. Dandelion has certain beauty function. Dandelion is not only rich in nutrition and high in medicinal value, but also a good diet vegetable and medicine for treating diseases. It is also widely used in beauty. Whether you have dry skin, oily skin, aging skin, freckles, pigmented spots, dermatitis, acne, acne, beard, white hair and alopecia, dandelion can help you eliminate the "fly in the ointment". Dandelion and purslane can be used to treat oily dermatitis; Filtering dandelion decoction and applying the juice to face can be used to treat dry skin. Dandelion is mashed and mixed with honey, which can be used to treat wrinkled old skin. Dandelion flower boiled juice, applied to face in the morning and evening, can be used to treat freckles and pigmented spots; Dandelion juice and celery juice are evenly mixed to make lotion, which can be used to treat albino pigmented spots.
Dandelion can be used as veterinary medicine. Dandelion is not only a good food for human beings and a good medicine for treating diseases, but also widely used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. It can be used as a precious feed additive to treat various diseases of various domestic animals. For example, dandelion whole grass boiling juice can treat upper respiratory tract infection of livestock; Dandelion decoction can be used to treat mastitis of domestic animals by washing affected parts with hot water. Dandelion, Viola yedoensis and winter melon seeds can be used to treat emphysema, fever and asthma of domestic animals. Dandelion and Artemisia capillaris can be used to treat urinary pain, fever and abdominal distension in sheep. Grinding dandelion and cowseed into fine powder, and using yellow wine and brown sugar as primers to treat lactation deficiency of female livestock; Dandelion decoction mixed with white sugar can cure nosebleeds of cattle and horses; Dandelion, almond and alum soup can be taken warm to treat laryngitis in cattle and horses; Dandelion and chrysanthemum morifolium are mashed and applied to the affected area to treat carbuncle, sore and swelling of domestic animals.
5. Dandelion has a high ornamental value, and the role of dandelion in greening and beautifying the environment is introduced in detail in monographs such as Baihuahui and Mangpu Annotation. Although Baihua Club also pointed out: "Dandelion is not as delicate as peony, as fragrant as rose and as white as cherry blossoms, but it looks ordinary and has strong vitality." The inner beauty of dandelion is mainly manifested in: First, it is unpretentious. Third, although the flowers are not big, they are not as gorgeous as peony, rose and cherry blossoms, but they are big and pure, unique and popular; Fourth, it has a wide range of uses and can achieve twice the result with half the effort. The main manifestations of its strong vitality are: first, it can be planted once and can be used for many years; Second, flowers become flocs, fly with the wind and fall into wetlands. Third, if you don't choose soil, the land can thrive even though it is thin; Fourth, it is cold-resistant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, insect-resistant, and less natural disasters; Fifth, we can fight all kinds of weeds and win the battle. Therefore, dandelion can achieve satisfactory results in both ground cover cultivation and bonsai cultivation.
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