/From club.china/, China Net Community
Unprecedented increase in protection awareness
Although great sites have not entered the field of mass communication for a long time as academic terms, the discovery, excavation and protection of "nouveau riche" such as Liangzhu, Niuheliang and Erlitou have rewritten and explained the history of Chinese civilization. The Great Wall, the Grand Canal and the Silk Road, important sites and relics of human activities in China, should not only be "familiar" to every Chinese descendant, but also become the pride of human culture and history in the world.
In addition to the great historical and cultural value, there is no doubt that the other two "big" of great site protection are large scale and great influence.
Needless to say, the Great Wall in Wan Li and the Thousand-Li Canal, Niuheliang site in Chaoyang, Jinsha site in Chengdu and Hongshan site in Wuxi all cover several kilometers or even dozens of kilometers, and some large-scale site projects even cross provinces and regions. Any protection measures for large-scale sites will inevitably have a far-reaching impact.
Therefore, in recent years, from the Great Wall resources survey to the Grand Canal heritage application, from the Silk Road joint heritage application to the start of the Daming Palace archaeological site park construction, almost every activity on the protection of great sites is a "national action."
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, there are 100 large sites in China that have entered the cultural development plan, and the protection of large sites has been listed as the main content of the upcoming Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
With the spread of culture and the transformation of urban functions, the protection of great sites is not only "revising and changing history", but also the writing and planning of urban contemporary history.
"Looking at every glory of Wuxi's development, the most fundamental driving force behind it is cultural factors, which are rooted in the historical and cultural heritage of the city.
"Wuxi Municipal Party Committee Secretary Yang told a poetic story, which can be said to be shared by many cities.
"Planning a green space can promote the appreciation of hundreds of acres of land, and building a ruins park can make the whole city appreciate; Building an industrial project can serve a city for decades, while protecting a big site can benefit a city for hundreds or thousands of years.
As Lian, secretary of Luoyang Municipal Party Committee, said, the heavy history has left Luoyang with six large-scale sites, such as Erlitou Site, Yanshi Mall and Eastern Zhou Wangcheng, which made the ancient Luoyang famous and benefited a lot.
The discovery of Niuheliang site made Chaoyang "famous in one fell swoop" in 1980s, which is a typical case.
How to protect these "famous messengers of civilization" and inherit these far-reaching carriers of civilization for history and future generations as completely and safely as possible? From the state to the people, the cultural awareness of the protection of great sites has never been higher.
The protection and management system of great sites was initially established, and the special management laws and regulations of Zhoukoudian, Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties and Tangganling were implemented, which provided institutional guarantee for the protection of great sites.
So far, National Cultural Heritage Administration has approved protection plans for more than 90 important sites.
The protection and exhibition projects of important sites such as Koguryo and Yin Ruins have achieved initial results. The demolition and environmental improvement of Daming Palace and Zhengzhou Mall have effectively improved the surrounding environment of the site. With the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Xinjiang section of the Silk Road, the Xi area and Luoyang area as the core, the protection pattern of large sites, including 65.438 million important sites, has initially taken shape, which has produced good social and economic benefits.
In the past two years, on the basis of summing up the experience of various places, the concept of protecting great sites has been constantly innovated, and Xi 'an Knowledge, Liangzhu Knowledge and Luoyang Declaration have been formed, and new ideas such as building a national archaeological site park have been put forward, and the protection of great sites has entered a new stage.
The three major contradictions have eased.
What is the knowledge of "citing * * *"
The protection of cultural heritage is an eternal event, and the protection of great sites is an important town of cultural heritage protection, and it is also a difficult point.
According to incomplete statistics, since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization rate has reached twice that of the world in the same period, and urban development will face "accelerated development period" and "prominent contradiction period".
The focus of the contradiction is the rapid increase of urban population and the rapid expansion of urban land, which makes many large sites that were originally on the edge of the city gradually incorporated into the scope of urban land use.
The first is how to solve the contradiction between the protection of large sites and urban construction land.
The land in Hongshan plot in Wuxi originally belonged to Wuxi National High-tech Development Zone.
Is it a direct account or an inherited account? Economic account or development account? Is it a local account or a whole account? Wuxi * * * will eventually use all the 7.5 square kilometers of Hongshan site land for the construction of Hongshan site park, uniformly plan and guide the agricultural land around the site planning scope, carry out agricultural structure planning, and form a provincial-level urban agricultural ecological park; And make full use of historical and cultural resources such as Hongshan Site and Taibo Tomb, and plan and construct Hongshan Culture New Town in combination with the demolition and resettlement work.
Through the improvement of supporting functions, the protection of Hongshan site is organically combined with the construction of a pleasant and livable environment, thus having stronger vitality.
Secondly, how to solve the contradiction between the protection of large sites and the production of residents.
Residents living in the ruins are guarding the precious cultural relics left by their ancestors. Restricted by the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, it is impossible to set up factories, build roads and build houses. They can only watch the economy in the surrounding areas constantly surpass themselves. The living infrastructure in the ruins is backward, the environment is messy and the social security is not very good.
Everyone has the right to enjoy the development of advanced civilization, and the inheritance of civilization cannot be the reason for "backwardness and hardship".
In the protection planning of Daming Palace and other major sites, Xi takes different measures for farmers and residents in different regions, such as changing farmers into urban residents in the core area of protection, arranging employment for young and middle-aged people, and implementing the policy of evacuating population in the cultural relics protection area to reduce the pressure of cultural relics protection.
These practices may not be widely applicable, but the starting point of goodwill can be used for reference.
Due to historical reasons, large sites are often "occupied" by many factories and enterprises.
The financial pressure of demolition, resettlement and reconstruction is great.
It is far from enough to rely on the central government to subsidize huge amounts of money. How to innovate the investment operation mechanism, mainly by local fund-raising, supplemented by central financial subsidies, and at the same time support and encourage various social forces to participate, has successfully solved the problem of fund-raising and become the first hurdle for the protection of great sites.
The level of urban economic development varies greatly, and the financing channels are also different.
Take the relics protection of Nanyue State in the Western Han Dynasty as an example. For Guangzhou, where the economy is relatively developed, the whole people are "ecstatic" to find this relic in the city center, and urban planning and construction take a detour, so the financial guarantee is not a problem.
This is a developed area.
In Anyang, Chaoyang and other relatively underdeveloped areas, although there are many differences in investment, the insight of "giving * * *" is admirable.
Protect the fruit and benefit the people.
Pay equal attention to displaying characteristics and formulating laws and regulations.
Experts said that the development of the city has its own texture and the site has its own characteristics. Therefore, the way to protect the site should also prevent the tendency of similarity, and work hard to deepen the understanding of the cultural connotation of the site and realize the sustainable development of the site protection.
Only when people experience the benefits of cultural heritage protection will they become the most powerful guardians of the great sites around them.
"Archaeological site park is an urban public cultural space based on the protection and display of archaeological sites and their environment, integrating education, scientific research, leisure and other functions.
Archaeological sites park is based on archaeological achievements and sites, and contains rich cultural connotations.
At the same time, compared with simple site protection, it pays more attention to the achievements of national cultural heritage protection, and its function of serving the public and feeding back the society is more prominent.
"TongKangMing said.
According to reports, the protection and management system of large sites and related laws and regulations will be further formulated and improved.
At the same time, the construction of archaeological sites park will be regarded as an important part of the protection of great sites in China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and it will be vigorously promoted and supported.
It is estimated that during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, 30 archaeological sites parks and 50 sites museums will be built in China.
In this regard, Duan Xiannian, vice mayor of Xi City, proposed that in view of the complexity and particularity of the protection of great sites, the state should formulate the Regulations on the Protection and Management of Great Sites, and put the protection of great sites into the orbit of laws and regulations. Secondly, because the protection of great sites involves complex issues such as population control, land acquisition, migration, demolition, environmental improvement, land use adjustment and economic structure adjustment, the state should introduce supporting policies to coordinate these issues.
In the past, high-rise buildings were usually regarded as the symbol of modern city life. Today, cultural heritage, especially large sites, has become an important symbol of the improvement of urban life.
With the active protection and social participation of * * *, the great ruins are getting rid of the image of "unkempt appearance" and gradually becoming the most beautiful place in the city. Mo Wen's legacy makes things go wrong. Please only look at the great ruins.