The word Changsheng [Note] was born in Xiezhou (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) in Hedong, Bingzhou, Han nationality.
According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu was nine feet long and made a dragon crescent moon blade, which is not recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei's star became sworn in with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan.
He was a former general of the Shu-Han regime, and was named Hou Ting of Hanshou, nicknamed "Zhuang Miaohou".
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it was described as the first of the five tigers in Shu and Han Dynasties.
After his death, he was respected by people and has always been the object of folk sacrifice, and he was honored as "Guan Gong". He was praised and honored by the court. In the Qing Dynasty, he was regarded as "loyal to SHEN WOO, brave to show the emperor" and respected as "warrior saint", just like Confucius and Wen Sheng; Also known as "Guan Fuzi"; Finally, it was named "Gaitian Ancient Buddha".
Buddhism calls it "Galand Bodhisattva".
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms contains many good stories, such as "beating Hua Xiong with warm wine", "riding a thousand miles alone", "going to dinner with one knife" and "driving seven armies away", and there are also many regrets such as "accidentally losing Jingzhou" and "going to Maicheng"
History of Three Kingdoms
Chen Shou, the author of the Three Kingdoms, commented: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are all enemies, and the tiger ministers in the world.
Feathering Cao Gong, flying Yan Yan, has the wind of a national scholar.
However, Guan Yu (Lu Shuming) in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms is proud of himself, flying wildly without virtue, fighting hand-to-hand and often taking care of numbers. "
Wen Hui: "Guan Yu is sharp."
Monroe: "I am a long and studious person, and I can easily read Zuo Zhuan." I am smart and masculine, but I am quite conceited and arrogant. "
","although things have changed today, and Guan Yu is a bear or a tiger, is this a safe plan? "
Zhuge Liang Shu and Guan Yu: "Meng Qi is a great hero because he is both civil and military. He is the best player in the world and a disciple of Fu and Peng. You and Yi Debi are not as good as the peerless group. "
Guo Jia and Cheng Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei "ten thousand enemies"
Ye Liu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei "brave the three armies."
Zhou Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei "General Xiong Hu"
Fu Gan called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "If you are brave enough to defeat ten thousand people, you must do it."
Yang praised and said, "Guan, born in, magnificent and winged."
Ping Fan left and right sides, roaring to send electricity, benefiting from difficulties, praising the great cause of the Lord, chasing Korea and Geng, and singing in chorus with both virtues.
Explaining rudeness leads to rape, mourning is light, and it falls to the country.
"
Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became synonymous with bravery and good fighting in later generations:
Xia Liu Biography of the Book of Jin: "Every time Jin and Xia Liu hit a thief, they were trapped and destroyed, and Hebei was better than Guan Yu and Zhang Fei."
Shu Wei Cui Yanbo biography: "Cui Gong, ancient Zhang Guan also."
You can refer to the brave part of Zhang Guan in Volume 7 of Zhao Yi's Notes on the Twenty-two Histories, and sort out the information of ancient Guan Yu or Zhang Guan as synonyms of brave generals in detail.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Only the end of the Han Dynasty was invincible, and Yunchang stood out.
Shenwei can be brave, and elegance knows more about literature.
The sun is like a mirror, and the clouds are thin in spring and autumn.
Obviously, it will last forever, not just four points!
[Edit this paragraph] Character characteristics and image
Guan Yu and Hu Zimei, ten thousand enemies, loyalty and righteousness; Be good at reading Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and you can read it like a stream.
When he surrendered to Cao Ying, although he was treated with courtesy, he turned his heart to Liu Bei.
Be kind to the foot soldiers.
He even curetted bones to cure poison, and was once shot by a poisonous arrow. Every time it rains, my bones ache. Dr. Hua Tuo said that only by scraping the bones and detoxifying can you recover. Guan Yu immediately extended his arm to the doctor Hua Tuo and began to scrape bones and bleed to the plate, but Guan Yu was eating meat and drinking, and he was as cool as a cucumber.
There seems to be no pain.
[Edit this paragraph] Family situation
children
Guan Ping, the eldest son of Guan Yu, fought Guan Yu and was beheaded with Guan Yu in Linzhou.
(Guan Yu's adopted son, Guan Ding's son in Romance)
Guan Yu's second son, Guan Xing, became famous at a young age and was highly valued by Zhuge Liang. After the weak crown, he served as a middle school supervisor and died a few years later.
Guan Yu's daughter Guan Feng and Sun Quan once proposed to her son, but Guan Yu refused and insulted her.
Guan Suo (this is a character in the Romance of Traditional Chinese Opera, which is not recorded in history), the third son of Guan Yu, was recovered in Baojiazhuang after Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, and Zhuge Liang returned to the army as a pioneer when he conquered Meng Huo in the south.
granddaughter
Guan Gong, the eldest son of Guan Xing, his wife is a princess, and he is an official of corps commander, a samurai. He is a pawn and has no children.
Guan Xing's second son, Guan Yi, succeeded to his throne after his death.
later generations
Guan Sheng: A character in Water Margin, one of Liangshan heroes, Liangshan ranks fifth.
According to Pei's note in the History of the Three Kingdoms, after his death, the son of Pound killed Guan's family to avenge his father's death, and Guan Yu was beheaded.
But the credibility of this record is controversial.
The descendants of Guan in Xiezhou, Dangyang and Luoyang often claim to be descendants of Guan Yu, but there is no textual research.
Reflection, Zhang Guan, Macelo Wong and Zhao Chuan.
Guan Yu's words are long and immortal, and Hedong solves people.
Desperate to run to Zhuo county.
Grandfather met his disciples in the village, and Yu and Zhang Fei defended them.
Ancestors are plain facies, feather and fly are other branches, and they are divided into different branches.
If the deceased Lord sleeps with two people, he will sleep together, and if he is a brother.
The thick people sit wide and stand up all day, dealing with their ancestors and not avoiding difficulties and obstacles.
After the attack, the assassin in Xuzhou was killed, and he was ordered to guard Pi City and be a satrap, but he was still young.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Gong made an expedition to the east, and his ancestors went to Yuan Shao.
Cao Gong returned from Feather and worshipped him as a partial general, which was very generous.
Shao sent Yan Liang, a general, to lead the satrap to the White Horse, and Cao Cao ordered Zhang Liao and Yu to be pioneers.
Feather saw the cover of a good man, stabbed him in the crowd on horseback, beheaded him, and let go of what the generals could not do, thus solving the problem of Bai Mawei.
Cao Gong named his feather the Pavilion Hou of Hanshou.
Tso was a strong man at the beginning, but he didn't want to stay in his mind for too long. He said to Zhang Liao, "Please ask him as emotionally as possible.
When Liao asked Yu, Yu sighed, "I know that Cao Gong was very kind to me, but I was sworn by General Liu that I could not take it back."
I won't stay until the end. I want to effectively repay Tsao Gong's departure.
"Liao feather word for tso, cao public discussion.
But after killing Yan Liang, Tso knew he would go, so he rewarded him.
Feather thanked him, said goodbye to Shu En, and ran to Yuan Jun first.
When the left and right wanted to chase him, Cao Gong said, "Each is his own master, so don't chase him."
Liu Biao from the past.
Table pawn, Cao Gong decided Jingzhou, and later he crossed the river with Fan, and did not send feathers to Jiangling by boat.
Tso chased him as far as Dangyang Changsakan, but as far as Hanjin, so he took a feather boat and went to Xiakou.
Sun Quan sent troops to help the late Lord refuse Tsao Gong, and Tsao Gong returned with an army.
The ancestors took over the counties in the south of the Yangtze River, but they worshipped the founding fathers, taking Yu as the satrap and general Xiangyang, and stationed in Jiangbei.
The late Lord decided Yizhou in the west and worshipped Dong Yu as the prefect of Jingzhou.
When I heard that Ma Chao had fallen, I was not an old friend. Yu Shu and Zhuge Liang asked, "Who can super talents compare with?" Only then did he know how to protect Yu Liang, and replied, "Meng was a great hero because of his combination of civil and military skills. He is the best player in the world and a disciple of Fu and Peng. He wants to compete with Yide for the first place, but he is not as good as Xun.
"Feather beauty must have a beard, so Liang has a beard.
Feather province book big yue, to show the guests.
Feather flavor was hit by a flowing arrow and penetrated his left arm. Although the wound has healed, every time it rains, the bone often hurts. The doctor said: "sagittarius is poisonous, and it is poisonous to the bone." Scrape the bone to remove poison when the arm is broken, and then cut the ear.
"Feather then stretched out his arm to make medical split.
The feather suit was smooth, so the general was invited to eat and drink, and the blood flowed from his arm, full of dishes, and the feather suit made him laugh.
In twenty-four years, the late Lord was the king of Hanzhong, and the former general worshipped Yu.
/kloc-at the age of 0/8, Yu led a crowd to attack Coss and Fan.
Tsao Gong was sent to the forbidden help benevolence.
Autumn, heavy rain, the Han River flooded, and the Seventh Army was not supervised by the Forbidden City.
No feathers, feathers cut general pounds.
Liang, Yong and Lu Hun were thieves or received the title of feather from afar, so they supported the army and supported the party, and feather shocked China.
Cao Gong proposed to move the capital to avoid its sharpness. Sima Wang Xuan and Jiang Ji thought Guan Yu would succeed, but Sun Quan wouldn't.
You can send someone to persuade the right army to secretly follow behind, or you can cut the south of the Yangtze River to seal the right army, and then Fan Wei will solve it himself.
Cao Gong followed closely.
First, the right to send an emissary to seek jade for his son, so Yu scolded and humiliated his emissary and forbade him to get married. The right wing is angry.
Mi Fang, the satrap of Nanjun County, is in Jiangling, and General Fu Shiren is in charge of public security. They all think feathers are lighter than themselves.
After leaving the army, Fang and Ren provided military forces, but they didn't know about the rescue. Yu Dao: "It's time to cure." Fang and Ren are both afraid and uneasy.
Therefore, power yin lures Fang and benevolence, and Fang and benevolence make people welcome power.
Tso sent Huang Xu to save Coss, and the troops returned.
The power has been taken from Jiangling, the wives of the feather scholars have been captured, and the feather army has dispersed.
He sent his generals to attack the feathers, tied them to the camp and beheaded them at the level of Lin Ju.
Chasing feathers and calling Hou.
Purple star.
You rarely ask the question of the country's prosperity, but Prime Minister Zhuge Liang is different.
The weak crown served as the upper middle school supervisor and died at a few years old.
The son is the heir, the princess is the princess, and the official is the commander of the samurai corps.
Single, childless, easy to continue to seal the Hou in order to promote illegitimate children.
Historical position
In order to consolidate its ruling position, the feudal ruling class of past dynasties regarded Guan Yu as the embodiment of loyalty and righteousness, and Guan Yu's status became higher and higher, from "emperor to king" to "emperor" and finally was honored as "warrior sage"
During the period of Chen Sui, the Buddha took the lead in building a temple in Dangyang under the guise of Guan Yu.
In the third year of Tang Jianzhong (782), Guan Yu was listed as one of the 64 famous generals in ancient and modern times, and was put into the Wu Temple to enjoy Jiang Taigong.
After the Song Dynasty, Guan Yu was crowned as a "warrior sage".
Guan Yu, who has been unknown for 800 years (if he was admired by his opponents before his death, he would be unknown as an example of a military commander after his death), was promoted by Song Huizong to three levels: first, he was named "loyal monarch", then "true monarch who worships Ning", and then "King Zhaolie Wu 'an" and "King Wu Yong 'an".
Yuan Wenzong named Guan Yu "the king of Miao Zhuang Yi Wu 'an, showing his spirit to help Britain", and Ming Shenzong named him "the Great Demon of the Three Realms is far away in Megatronus, Guan Sheng Di", and named Guan Yu Temple as "Wu Temple", which was juxtaposed with Confucian Temple and Confucius Temple.
The Qing emperor flaunted Guan Yu as "the best in the world" and named him "loyal, benevolent, brave, protecting the country and the people, sincere appeasement, righteous praise, Xuande, Guan Sheng the Great" ("Rites and Music in Qing Dynasty"), and built Guandi Temple in Beijing, ordered the whole country to build Guandi Temple and offer sacrifices to incense on time.
The number of Guan Gong temples in Vu Thang far exceeds that of Confucius temples in Wensheng.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were 1 16 temples in Beijing alone.
And some closed temples are much larger than Confucius temples.
Some people say that Guan Yu is a culture; Some people say that Guan Gong is a kind of spirit.
Otherwise, why are there so many temples for Guan Gong in China and overseas?
Of all the Guandi Temple buildings in China, five or six are best preserved so far: Changping Guandi Temple, the hometown of Guan Yu in Shanxi, Guanlin in Luoyang, Henan, Guanling in Dangyang, Hubei, Guandi Temple in Jingzhou and Baling Bridge Guandi Temple in Xuchang, Henan, etc.
One of the largest and most magnificent is Guandi Temple, located in Guan Yu's hometown, west of Jiezhou, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. The largest Guandi Temple in China is still preserved.
There are more than 300 pavilions in the temple, which is one of the tourist attractions.
It can be called the first temple in the world.
In the historical process of China's drama development, there has been an upsurge of "Three Kingdoms Drama", and there are quite a number of "Three Kingdoms Drama" and "Guan Gong Drama" in many famous dramas.
Take Beijing Opera as an example. There are 148 "Three Kingdoms Plays", and there are only 20 about Guan Gong.
Take Zhou Pu Bangzi, the hometown of Guan Yu, as an example. There are 88 recorded "Three Kingdoms Plays", of which "Guan Gong Plays" are 18.
On the stage, Guan Gong's image is a perfect hero, with thick eyebrows and big eyes, long beard and hale and hearty spirit.
Even in Walking in Maicheng, his heroic qualities are still increasing.
For thousands of years, Guan Yu, a perfect image representing the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, has appeared in front of the world after being sealed by rulers of past dynasties and described in operas and literature. "Serve the country faithfully, be kind to others, act with wisdom, make friends with righteousness, and fight with courage."
He rose from a "strange man through the ages" to a "god among gods" and became a god of war, a god of wealth, a god of literature and a god of agriculture. He is an all-powerful god, worshipped by rulers and people of past dynasties. China and Japan are overseas, at home and abroad.
Needless to say, the feudal rulers of past dynasties revered Guan Yu, and even Li Zicheng, Zhang, Hong Xiuquan and other peasant uprising leaders worshipped Guan Yu as a hero.
Moreover, in China, Japan, Southeast Asia and overseas Chinese, the worship of Guan Yu is still vivid.
In Taiwan Province Province, with a population of more than 20 million, there are as many as 8 million followers of Guan Gong, and almost every household has set up incense tables, set up memorial tablets and hung icons for Guan Gong.
The annual sales volume of Guan Gong's portraits in Taiwan Province Province far exceeds their most revered god Mazu.
The American "Longgang General Association" is a non-governmental organization, whose ancestor is Guan Yu, and there are more than 140 branches all over the world where Chinese live.
Southeast Asian countries compete to build temples to worship Guan Yu, and Thailand is the most prosperous.
In Japan, there was Guandi Temple as early as the Qing Dynasty. A new Guandi Temple was built a few years ago, which is said to be the largest Guandi Temple overseas.
Mr. David Jordan, a professor of anthropology at the University of California, San Diego and a doctor of anthropology at the University of Chicago, once said a very interesting sentence. "I respect you the great god, he deserves the respect of everyone.
His benevolence, righteousness, wisdom and courage are still meaningful until now. Benevolence is love, righteousness is credibility, wisdom is culture, and courage is not afraid of difficulties.
If all God's people are like your Guan Gong, our world will be a better place.
"The American scholar's words are insightful.
Loyalty, righteousness, faithfulness, wisdom, benevolence and courage, which are condensed on Guan Yu and admired by all previous dynasties, contain the ethics and ideals of China traditional culture, permeate the essence of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period, and merge with Buddhism and Taoism. Essentially, they are brilliant souls of China.
all one's life
Guan Yu's life experience was unknown before the Qing Dynasty.
During the reign of Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, Dani, King of Xiezhou Wei, dug up the tomb brick of Guan Yu while digging and repairing the ancient well.
It is engraved with the inscriptions of Guan Yuzu and his father, the date of birth and death, etc. And the information is more detailed, and there is a slight mention of Guan Yu's family situation.
So, he wrote the tombstone of Guan Houzu.
According to the written records on the tomb brick, Guan Jia is actually a family of literati.
Guan Yu's grandfather called Guan Yu and asked him.
Born in Geng Yin in the second year of Han Yongyuan, he lived in Baochi, Changping Village, Jiezhou (now Jiezhou Town, Shanxi Province).
According to records, he is "good at admiring" and often admonishes his son with Yi and Chunqiu. Ding You died in the second year of Emperor Huan's eternal life at the age of 68.
Feather father Guan Yi still has a long way to go.
After his father's death, Xiaowen built a house and mourned on the tomb for three years. Besides mourning, Guan Yu was born on June 24th in the third year of Yan Xi (160).
When Guan Yu grew up, he married Hu's wife, and the spiritual emperor was in Guangping, Hiuke, on May 13th, the first year of Wuwu (178).
Guan Yu in Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province) met the Eastern Han Dynasty * * * to mobilize local strongmen landlords to organize armed forces and * * * to suppress the Yellow turban insurrectionary.
Here, he met Liu Bei (Liu Bei claimed to be the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Sun Yat-sen Jing, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Fei, who were like-minded, fell in love at first sight and were extremely friendly and close as brothers.
According to legend, Liu, Guan and Zhang became sworn friends in Taoyuan.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms expressed their vows: "Although we are brothers with different surnames, we should work together to help the poor; Serving the country, peace and prosperity, don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, just want to die on the same day in the same year.
Although this is a novelist's speech, it has a great influence because it conforms to the mentality of the lower class in an era of frequent turmoil.
Many peasant uprisings in later generations followed the example of swearing in the teacher's righteousness to consolidate the ranks and strengthen unity.
The three men organized an armed force and took part in the attack on the peasant rebels.
Guan Yu also began his military career.
From the first year of Zhong Ping (184) to his death, Guan Yu always faithfully followed Liu Bei, "walking with him and avoiding difficulties and obstacles" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu).