In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (16 10), he was a scholar, edited by the Hanlin Academy, tried Zhejiang in the apocalypse, and went to Zhongyun in Chunfang to participate in the compilation of "Feng Shen Lu". After the Lindong Party case in Luo Zhi, Wei Zhongxian, who was implicated, was cut from his post. Qian was a scholar in thirty-eight years of Wanli until his death in seventeen years of Chongzhen. During the thirty-five years before and after, there were three ups and downs, spiraling forward and losing. All the terms of office added up to only about five or six years, let alone any political achievements. His fame is due to his outstanding literary talent, and he is known as one of the three outstanding men in Jiangzuo. Because he had participated in the activities of Lindong Party against Wei Zhongxian Eunuch Party, he was also regarded as one of the leaders of the literati. As the leader of Lindong Party in the late Ming Dynasty, he was already influential.
In August of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Zhu Youxiao died in Mingxi and Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne in four cases. He was reassigned to North Korea. In the second year (the first year of Chongzhen), in July, I was summoned to the north and became the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. But three months later, "I am modest about pushing the ministers' style and benevolence, and Zhou Yanru, the assistant minister, and then I will name myself and courtship." Tijen pursued the theory of modesty and benefit, and tried to take money from Zhejiang for thousands of years and give it to redeem. Tijen bribed Zhang Hanru, a native of Changshu, and was modest, greedy and illegal. Qian Yi turned to the eunuch for help and executed Han Ru. Tieren became ill and his modesty was reduced. "He returned to his hometown of Changshu and had a good relationship with a scholar named Cheng Jiasui. He often drank and sang together. It is recorded in the Ming Dynasty: "Cheng Jiasui was born in Xiuning, Yangmeng, and lived in Jiading. Be good at painting. With Gu Shan in Tongzhou. My friend advised me to cross the river and stay in the ancient temple, drink with the drinkers for three days and three nights, and write five chapters of Ode to the Ancient, but I didn't see my modesty and returned. During the Chongzhen period, Qian, a native of Changshu, retired as an assistant minister, built a coupling farm hall and invited him to study there. After studying for ten years, I returned to Xiuning and died. He is 79 years old. Qian valued his poems most, saying that the poems of Song and Yuan Dynasties were old. "
At the beginning of Shunzhi, he was arrested and imprisoned for being involved in Jiangyin Huang Uprising, and was released the following year. Naturally, I stayed at home, built a crimson cloud building and proofread my works with books. Poetry was quite famous at that time, and the southeast area was regarded as "literate Sect". In the forty-four years of Qianlong (1779), Qian's works were listed as "the poems of absurd writers" and all of them were deleted from the county annals. His works include Collection of Beginners, Collection of Scholars, Collection of Throwing Pen, A Brief History of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Poems of Past Dynasties, Collection of Internal Classics, etc.
1664, Qian died in Hangzhou at the age of 83 and was buried at the southern foot of Yushan Mountain.
A famous bibliophile
Qian's surname in his early years has friends all over the world. When I was young, I liked rare books of ancient books and was famous for its rich collection of books. After the death of the bibliophile Zhao, all the books in his "Selling Wang Guan" belonged to him, with 20,000 gold. He also bought books of famous bibliophiles such as Cuozai Pavilion by Liu Feng, Hanging Room by Qian and Seven Mountain Rooms by Yang Yi, including more than 10,000 manuscripts of Tang Dynasty, Song and Yuan Dynasties and rare books. At the same time, he spared no expense to collect ancient books. The library in front of the door can keep pace with the library in the palace, surpassing that of Zhu.
Waiting for books. Therefore, I am more willing to buy ancient books, so that "booksellers can tie up the burden without a false day." Yuan Shu in Suiyang is a famous collector in the north in the late Ming Dynasty, and a master of collecting works of Dong Yuan and Ju Ran so far in history. Qian Ceng praised him as "Suiyang Yuan Boying, the son of a famous minister (the history of the Ministry of War), a master of literature and art, rich in literature and art" (Qian's Preface to Yuan Boying's South Expedition). Qian attached importance to Yuan's collection and gave his poems to each other.
There are many old paintings from Song and Yuan Dynasties in Qian's collection, so he took the trouble to look around. This book, The Book of the Han Dynasty, which was bought by Wang Mingshizhen at the price of a manor, was later scattered among the people for some reason, that is, money was tracked and inquired for several years, and finally it was found at a high price of 1,200 gold.
When the money people reached middle age, they built a "landscape room" to store books. In his later years, he lived in "Red Bean Villa" and built a new "Jiang Yun Lou", which means "Jiang Yun is really glorious, and the immortals are dying", and named his book building "Jiang Yun Lou". Among them, there are unique copies carved in the Song Dynasty, and there are also many cheats. Its library has been renovated and divided into 73 cabinets, claiming: "I am late and poor, but books can be rich." Scholars say that "the wealth of books is nothing more than money." He also revised and catalogued the books collected in his life. As a result, he filled 73 cabinets and stored them in the building. Looking at a room full of books, Qian said with emotion, "Although I am late and poor, the books are rich." In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), a girl and a wet nurse were playing in the bookstore, and the candle accidentally fell into the paper pile and caught fire. Claiming to be the fire of Jiang Yunlou, Emperor Liang Yuan of Jiangling burned books, and Wenyuan Pavilion of Li Zicheng burned books, which are the "three great books". It is said that when the library caught fire, money directed the flames and shouted, "Heaven can burn the books in my room, but not the books in my stomach." Afterwards, he said bitterly: "The Shenjia Rebellion was a great robbery of ancient and modern classics, and the fire of Gengyin in my family was a small robbery of Jiangzuo classics.
Qian is well-read and proficient in version catalogue. Cao Rong's Bibliography Inscription of Jiangyunlou said: "Every book of Zongbo can tell what the old version looks like and what the new version looks like. The difference between the two is geometric, which makes it uncomfortable to look up. It is far from being a good book for others. " But at the same time, he also pointed out that his book collection was too paranoid: "A book collection must be published in Song and Yuan Dynasties, without taking the neighbor's block prints and notes. Although I studied under Mei, Ye Shilin and Sanshenji, I don't need old engravings and don't enter the catalogue. " "I'm so proud of myself, so proud of her, I won't lend her a piece." Even "there is a thread that will never be seen in the world after it is burned." There is another episode: money is closely related to Cao Rong. When Cao was in the capital, there were six or seven thousand kinds of books listed in his class. Qian often goes to Cao's residence to read books. Whenever he sees that his family is short of money, he always borrows money, so Cao hopes that one day he can borrow books. Cao asked Qian, "You must have Lu Zhen's Chronicle of Nine Countries and his Chronicle of Ten Countries. I'm glad to borrow it from you in the south. " "Money promised now, only to regret it afterwards:" I don't have such a book at home. When the crimson cloud caught fire, Cao Rong came to mourn its disaster. Qian Fang said regretfully, "I am addicted to books, and I am afraid that I will lose it by borrowing them. I wanted the Chronicle of the Nine Kingdoms and the Chronicle of the Ten Kingdoms, but I took them and didn't borrow them. This book will never be published again. Leave the money here and the rest can be refunded. "
After the fire in Jiangyun Building, Qian compiled it into "Bibliography of Jiangyun Building" in 4 volumes, with addendum 1 volume. The bibliography is divided into 73 categories and 4 parts, among which geography and Catholicism are added, which are not found in private bibliographies of the same generation. Recorded more than 3300 kinds of books. There are many rare books, and it is important to leave more than 270 inscriptions, which is helpful to understand the versions and lost ancient books. In his later years, he married a talented concubine, Wei Liu, and Liu Ye was able to collect books and have many inscriptions. After the death of Qian, the books were looted and Liu was forced to hang himself. There are many records about the Song and Yuan editions in the bibliography, which is a precious private library catalogue. Muzhai Bibliography 1 Volume. In addition to Jianglou, Qian also has a small collection of books in his old East City, including Song editions. , plus the parts he collected later, all belonged to his family Sun Qianzeng after his death. The collection is printed with "Qian Yin" and "Crimson Cloud". There is a draft of Ming history, which was destroyed by fire. He is the author of Pastoral Poetry Copy, Study Tour Collection, First Snow Collection and Pen Collection, and the clear edition is banned. In addition, there are 10 notes on Shurangama Sutra and Diamond Sutra.
Jiang Qing
In Chongzhen 12 (A.D. 1639), Qian saw Liu's poem Eight Poems of the West Lake at the Taoist Wang's home and praised the sentence "Peach blossoms are in the air, and beauty is among them". So he was invited to visit the West Lake with Liu.
From then on, money compared Liu to Zhuo Wenjun, and Liu compared money to "a talented person and a beautiful woman."
Ma Rong, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Broadcom Classic, said: "Only a bachelor of Yushan can speak, and I will not marry a bachelor." At this time, the widowed money replied, "There are women who have pity on me, and I am not a unmarried person." In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Xinsi (A.D. 164 1) was on the seventh day of June.
Money is a gift from Lian Fang Willow to a horse. This matter was quite controversial among the literati at that time. "The desecration of famous palace vessels has harmed the system of scholars and doctors."
On March 19th, 17th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Shen Jia, Dashun Army captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park and died in Ming Dynasty. In April, the Qing soldiers entered the customs and occupied Beijing. On May 15, Wang Mingfu Zhu Yousong was located in Nanjing and renamed Hong Guang. At this time, Qian took advantage of the relationship between his wife Liu and Ruan Dacheng to get the position of Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites. According to Nanming unofficial history, "Money (modesty) amuses itself by debauchery, which leads to the end of the road and dishonor. This is not only for Ruan Dacheng, but also for his concubine Liu. Ruan presented a crown of pearls worth thousands. Qian ordered Liu Ji to thank Ruan and moved Ruan. Its ugliness is disgusting. "
In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, in May of the first year of Hong Guang (A.D. 1645), the Qing army approached Nanjing. Liu advised the money to be righteous, but the money refused. "May yiyou change, you advised ZongBo death, ZongBo can't. You try to sink into the pool, you can't get in ... "
On may 15, Qian was not only shy, but also shaved. Shi Dun's Miscellaneous Notes on Fear: "Yu Wang (Duoduo) went to Jiangnan and ordered a haircut, which made everyone angry. Qian Muzhai suddenly said,' The scalp itches.' Stand up. Man is still called his grate head. In a short time, I braided my hair (Yin Kun's kūn, shaved my hair). "
At that time, Yue, the governor of Henan Province, and Yuan Shu, the commander of Henan Military Region, who had made friends with Qian, swore dishonesty and died of hunger strike.
Hong Guang regime perished in Nanming. Qiu and Qian Bei are the envoys of the Ming Dynasty. Liu stayed in Nanjing. Peter said north, Liu Shi adultery, son angry, official punishment. And return, denounce his son, don't meet each other. It is said that the country is ruined, but the literati can't be full of festivals and can't protect themselves from a woman. This statement can be described as flat and forgiving. "
In June of the third year of Qing Shunzhi (AD 1646), Qian lied that he was ill and returned to Nanjing, and took Liu back to Changshu. Ding Hai, in the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi, was dragged down by the Xie Bi case in Zichuan, and Qian was arrested in the north and put into the prison of punishments. Liu accompanied the patient to help him, wrote a letter to express his feelings, and vowed to die or avoid death for him.
In April of the fifth year of Qing Shunzhi, Qian was detained in Nanjing prison because of his involvement in the Huang case. After Liu, please go all out to rescue and ask for money to mediate, so as to avoid disaster. After he was released from prison, he was placed in Suzhou and lodged in Humble Administrator's Garden.
Qing Shunzhi was ugly for six years. He returned to Changshu from Suzhou and moved into Hongdu Villa. On the surface, he stayed at home, checked his works with books, and secretly contacted the anti-Qing and anti-Ming forces in the southwest and southeast waters.
In the summer of his death (the third year of Kangxi), Qian couldn't afford to get sick, and the funeral expenses were still missing. It happened that Gu from Yantai came to ask for three pieces and promised to give Runbi 1200 two pieces of silver. At this time, money is no longer available for writing articles, so we have to ask visiting Huang Lizhou (Zong) to write a ghost. Huang Lizhou declined slightly. In desperation, Qian had to lock Huang in his study and force Huang Zongxi to finish three articles overnight, which solved the funeral expenses. Huang Zongxi's "Nanlei Poetry Calendar" and "Eight Sorrow Poems" (fifth) wrote: "After 50 years of alliance between the four seas, who will pass on the heart? If you burn candles, you will be asked to pay your debts. Red beans float on the moon, and beauty is heartbroken. Who is a bosom friend? Can you not be public? "
Mr. Chen Yinque also said objectively: "The decline of grazing is a stain on his life. But this is also due to its natural cowardice and forced by the situation. It is unreasonable to say that it must be persuaded forever. "
Before he died, he shouted, "Isn't it too late to die on the first day?" (According to Gu Gongxie's "Leisure in Summer") In the early Qing Dynasty, Yu Chenglong, Tang Bin and other literati who were slaves of the Manchu Dynasty forgot to call themselves Neo-Confucianism, just to deceive the world and steal their fame. Judging from Qian's later performance, he was unwilling to surrender to the Qing Dynasty to save his life.
Qian's surname in his early years has friends all over the world. When I was young, I liked precious ancient books. I once bought the old collections of Liu Feng, Qian, Yang Yi and Zhao Yongxian in the Ming Dynasty, so I didn't hesitate to buy ancient books, so that there were many old paintings from the Song and Yuan Dynasties in Qian's collection, so he took the trouble to look around. This book, The Book of the Han Dynasty, which was bought by Wang Mingshizhen at the price of a manor, was later scattered among the people for some reason, that is, money was tracked and inquired for several years, and finally it was found at a high price of 1,200 gold.
When Qianren reached middle age, he built a study here. In his later years, he lived in Hongdu Villa, built a new Jiangyun Building, and revised and catalogued the books he collected all his life. As a result, he installed 73 cabinets and stored them in the building. Looking at a room full of books, Qian said with emotion, "Although I am late and poor, the books are rich." Unfortunately, just ten days later, due to careless cutting of candles, a fire broke out at home, and all the books in Jiangyun Building were burned. It is said that when the library caught fire, money directed the flames and shouted, "Heaven can burn the books in my room, but not the books in my stomach." Afterwards, he said bitterly: "The Shenjia Rebellion was a great robbery of ancient and modern classics, and the fire of Gengyin in my family was a small robbery of Jiangzuo classics.