I remember when I was a child, I used to include
It should be what we often say over there
Sweet grass seedling
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (Shennong Herbal Classic)
The name of Mongolian medicine is Xihe Riyi Ebus (The Canon of Mongolian Medicine).
Alias sweet grass seedlings, sweet licorice, apricot Ali
The scientific name is licorice. [Leguminosae]
Morphological characteristics of perennial herbs, 30-70 cm tall. It has a long rhizome, which extends from the top of the root (a knot on the head) to the ground, forming several branches on the ground. The root is cylindrical, straight down, unbranched or less branched, reddish-brown, with longitudinal grooves, and the root bark often peels off, with yellow and white cross section and sweet taste. Stems erect, usually branched from the base, slightly lignified, densely covered with white short hairs and scaly, punctate or spiny glands. Single-pinnate compound leaves, leaflets 7- 17, opposite, oval, obovate or elliptic, length 1-3 cm, width 1-2.5 cm, apex acuminate or obtuse, sparsely concave, base rounded or broadly cuneate, entire, both sides densely covered with short hairs and glands, petiole short. Racemes axillary, densely flowered, corolla butterfly-shaped, purplish red or light blue-purple, long 14- 16 mm; Calyx tubular, 6-7 mm long, densely covered with short hairs and glands; Diploid stamens; Ovary oblong. The pods are rectangular, sickle-shaped or annular, 2-4 cm long and 4-7 mm wide, and are densely packed.
Short hair, brown prickly glands; Seeds oblate or kidney-shaped, dark brown and smooth. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
Habitat is born in sandy land, sandy grassland, loess hills and saline-alkali beaches.
Except Daxinganling forest area, they are all distributed in Inner Mongolia. Northeast China, North China and Northwest China: Mongolia, Soviet Union (Siberia, Central Asia), Pakistan and Afghanistan.
The producing areas produce Hulunbeier League, Xing 'an League, Zhelimu League, Chifeng City, Xilin Gol League, Wulanchabu League, Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League and Alashan League, especially Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League Hetao and Chifeng City, with large output and the best quality.
Some roots and rhizomes are used as medicine.
Harvesting and processing in spring and autumn, especially in spring. Then autumn, and finally summer. Remove the residual stems and fibrous roots, wash the soil and dry in the sun. Soak thoroughly and moisten, slice and dry for later use. Raw or honey-roasted Chinese medicine (licorice 100 kg, honey-roasted 30 kg).
Mongolian medicine is used after being crushed.
The roots of medicinal materials are cylindrical, with a total length of more than 100 cm, and are usually cut into short sections of about 30 cm with a diameter of 0.6-3.5 cm. The surface is reddish brown or dark brown. There are obvious shrinkage and wrinkles, and there are many horizontal lenticels or punctate slight protrusions. The skin sometimes splits horizontally and peels off into scales, exposing the yellow skin. Solid, the surface is fibrous and broken, yellow-white, powdery, with obvious cambered rings, radial rays and cracks. The rhizome is also cylindrical, with bud marks on the surface and pith in the middle of the section. Slight breath, sweet, special taste.
The skin is thin and compact, the color is reddish brown, the texture is solid, the color of the cross section is yellow and white, and the powder is sufficient.
Identification (1) cross section: the cork layer is multi-row brown cells. The cortex is narrow. Phloem rays are wide and curved, and cracks often appear; The fibers are mostly in bundles, non-lignified or micro-lignified, and the surrounding parenchyma cells often contain calcium oxalate cubes; Screen tube groups are often deformed due to compression. The cambium in the vascular bundle is obvious. Xylem ray width 3-5 splinter cell; There are many ducts with a diameter of about 160 micron; Wood fibers are in bundles, and the surrounding parenchyma cells also contain calcium oxalate cubes. The root center has no myelin sheath; The center of rhizome has pith.
(2) Take 0.3 g of this product powder, add L ml of hydrochloric acid and 65438±05ml of chloroform, put it in a water bath and reflux it for 65438 0 hours, let it cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and dissolve the residue with L ml of ethanol as the test solution. Take glycyrrhetinic acid reference substance, add 1 ml absolute alcohol to dissolve it as reference substance solution. Make L ml of the above two solutions respectively, then put 5 microliters of each solution on the same silica gel G plate, and use petroleum ether (30-60℃): benzene: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid (10: 20: 7: 0.5) as the developing agent to spread 15 cm, take it out and dry it, and spray it for 65435 cm.
Chemical constituents Roots and rhizomes contain triterpenoid saponin glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main effective component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Other triterpenoids can also be obtained from the hydrolysate of roots, which are Uralenic acid, 24- hydroxyglycyrrhizic acid and 3β- hydroxyoleanane-1 1, 13 (18) diene -30 monoacid. Roots also contain a variety of flavonoids, including liquiritin, liquiritin and neoliquiritin); It's dihydroflavonoids. Isoflavones include formononetin, liquiritigenin, liquiritigenil and 5- methyl liquiritigenil; Chalcone is glycyrrhizin, neoisoliquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin-glucose apigenin; Flavonoids include glycyrrhizin and so on. The methanol extract FM- 100 contains a variety of flavonoids, which is an effective part of anti-ulcer. In addition, it also contains glycyrrhizin, β? Sitosterol, etc.
Pharmacological action 1. The corticosteroid-like effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch can enhance the function of adrenal cortex, thus improving the endocrine function of the body. Its effects include: (1) glucocorticoid-like effects. (2) mineralocorticoid effect. Therefore, licorice extract or powder can be used to treat Addison's disease. But it can cause water and sodium retention, edema and hypertension. (3) Anti-inflammatory effect. (4) Anti-allergic and immunosuppressive effects, so licorice can reconcile various drugs.
2. Detoxification of mice: licorice extract and glycyrrhizin have different detoxification effects on most toxic drugs and substances, so licorice can detoxify various toxins. Especially for chloral hydrate, terbutaline, urethane, cocaine and mercuric chloride, it has strong detoxification ability. In addition, it also has detoxification effect on snake venom, tetrodotoxin, diphtheria hirudin, tetanus toxin, anticancer drugs such as camptothecin and norgin.
Experiments in the Department of Pharmacology, Basic Department of Inner Mongolia Medical College show that sodium glycyrrhetate has a tendency to increase serum albumin and neutrophils in peripheral blood. When it is combined with Escherichia coli endotoxin, it has some reactions to the toxin, such as increasing serum albumin; Reduce gamma globulin; Alleviate the reaction caused by endotoxin in Escherichia coli; Reduce the number of neutrophils, increase the number of lymphocytes and increase gamma globulin.
The above results suggest that sodium glycyrrhetinate sometimes inhibits endotoxin in Escherichia coli, but it is not significant, which may be related to the dosage used.
Oral licorice extract has obvious protective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid are also beneficial to gallbladder function. Therefore, licorice protects the liver.
In addition, glycyrrhizic acid can also reduce the damage of streptomycin to vestibular nerve.
3. Anti-ulcer and antispasmodic effects: 250 mg/kg licorice. Subcutaneous injection or duodenal administration of fluid extract has obvious inhibitory effect on experimental ulcer in rats with pyloric ligation and experimental histamine ulcer in dogs. Four hours after ligation, the gastric juice volume, free acidity and total acidity decreased obviously, and acetic acid induced chronic ulcer in rats. Oral glycyrrhizin can promote ulcer healing.
In addition, licorice flavonoids have spasmolytic effect on isolated intestinal tract of animals.
4. Other effects (1) Antitumor effect. (2) Analgesic and anticonvulsant effects, antipyretic and antibacterial effects, antitussive and hypolipidemic effects.
Licorice has the above effects, but its toxicity is very low. Pharmacology and toxicology of its semi-synthetic products are being studied in China, and it is found that changing some structures can significantly enhance the anti-swelling, anti-allergic or detoxification effects, and also reduce the side effects.
Traditional Chinese medicine with sexual taste and function is sweet in taste and flat in nature. Yiqi Jianpi, expectorant and antitussive, clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving pain, and harmonizing various medicines.
Mongolian medicine tastes sweet, cool, thin, soft and soft. Cough relieving, lung benefiting, nourishing, detoxicating, vomiting relieving and thirst quenching.
Mainly used for treating spleen and stomach weakness, qi deficiency and fatigue, palpitation and shortness of breath, cough, sore throat, epigastric colic, acute pain, ulcer and hepatitis; Mild drugs are strong. Solve drug poisoning.
Mongolian medicine treats lung heat cough, tuberculosis, sore throat, dry mouth and vomiting, gastrointestinal "treasure day", "white pulse disease", blood diseases, food poisoning and drug poisoning.
Dosage and usage: 3-9 grams of Chinese medicine, decocted in water, or taken into pill powder.
Mongolian medicine 1.5-3g, decocted in water, or made into pill powder.
Pay attention to the use of licorice to help wet, so that people feel full, full of abdominal distension, vomiting should not take it; Taking it for a long time, or taking it in large doses, will cause edema and hypertension. Anti-Euphorbia, Daphne genkwa and Gansui should not be used together.