One of Yang Di's great achievements is the establishment of the imperial examination system, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations, mainly the establishment of the Jinshi Division, which provides an excellent opportunity for selecting lower-level intellectuals, and also changes the previous phenomenon that elites dominate elections and emphasize talents while ignoring family status, thus expanding the ways to recruit talents, enabling a group of small and medium-sized landlords to participate in the ruling regime, adapting to the political requirements of civilian landlords and weakening the political monopoly of elites. In addition, Yang Di also revised the laws, mainly in the last years of Emperor Wen, which reformed the harsh laws. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty also made some mistakes in his later years, and the harshness of the law was one of them. Yang Di abolished some cruel legal provisions or mitigated punishment. But this is just a superficial article, like fishing for fame. In the later period of Yang Di's rule, he was as cruel as his father, no longer acted according to the law, and was very arbitrary.
Second, build Luoyang as the eastern capital, dig the Grand Canal and develop transportation. Why did Yang Di build Luoyang as its eastern capital? Many people in history think that he is mainly for pleasure, and this view deserves scrutiny. Yang Di's "Building East Capital" tells the reason of building East Capital. Luoyang has a dangerous terrain, "governing the Three Rivers and consolidating the four blockades", and its location is moderate, which is convenient for transferring troops to Shandong, Jiangzuo and Huaihai. In the tenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, the old land of Chen was pacified, and rebellions took place in various places, capturing counties and killing Sui officials. In the fourth year of Renshou, Emperor Wendi just died, and Hanwang Yang Liang rose up and rebelled in Bing. In the process of counterinsurgency, Yang-ti felt that "the river is far away, and the soldiers are not in a hurry" because of "being far south". After Yang Liang rebellion was punished, "Bing Zhou moved to Henan" needed to be strengthened urgently. Therefore, Yang Di believes that it is necessary to "choose the right opportunity" to build Luoyang, the eastern capital. In 605, the first year of Yang Di's accession to the throne, he asked Su Yang and others to build Luoyang City. At that time, there were 2 million people working on the construction site every month. After a year of hard work, it was finally completed. The new Luoyang city includes Miyagi, Imperial City and WaiGuo Cheng, and WaiGuo Cheng is a big city with a circumference of 70 miles. Inside the Imperial City is the office of Wenwu yamen, and further inside is Miyagi and Fiona Fang Sanli. Yang Di built Luoyang City from the strategic consideration of governing the country. At that time, the capital Chang 'an was in the northwest, and the road to the east was not smooth, which affected the transmission of state laws and regulations. Luoyang is located in the center of the country, which can effectively govern the south of the Yangtze River, control the north and consolidate the country. Also, when I was in Chang 'an, it was a waste of time and effort to transport grain from all over the country to Chang 'an. When you arrive in Luoyang, you can easily get food, which also reduces the burden on the people.
Another project is the excavation of the Grand Canal, and the excavation of Tongji Canal is carried out at the same time as the construction of Luoyang, the eastern capital. Emperor Yangdi dug Tongji Canal and Yongji Canal. , the first is to communicate with water transport, to achieve the purpose of "waterway communication, tribute, etc.", so as to ensure the supply of Du Dong and the capital, especially the supply of the increasingly luxurious and corrupt life of the ruling group. Secondly, Jiangdu and Luoyang were also connected by waterway to strengthen the rule of Jiangzuo and Huaihai and prepare for the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. At the same time, regardless of Yang-ti's subjective motives, canal digging objectively met the needs of handicraft industry and commercial development. The separatist regime between the north and the south once affected the development of commerce. After the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, it provided favorable conditions for the development of handicraft industry and the expansion of exchange scope. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, he did some work to expand commodity circulation, such as unifying currency, unifying measurement, building roads and setting up post stations. However, relying on land transportation, shouldering people and animal-drawn transportation is far from meeting the needs of commodity circulation, so dredging rivers and digging canals has become a progressive move to meet the requirements of historical development.
Yang Di successively dug Tongji Canal, from the Yellow River to Bianshui, and then from Bianshui to Huaihe River. There are also gullies that enter the Yangtze River from Huaihe River; Jiangnan River from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to Yuhang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang); Lead Qinshui to the Yellow River in the south and Yongji Canal in Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) in the north. These canals are connected north and south, which is the famous Grand Canal in history. The Grand Canal starts from Zhuo Jun in the north, reaches Yuhang in the south, and winds for more than 5,000 miles from north to south, becoming a very important waterway artery. The Grand Canal not only strengthened the military and political rule of the Sui Dynasty over the south, but also enabled the materials from the south to reach Luoyang and Chang 'an smoothly at that time, which was beneficial to military politics and also strengthened the cultural exchange between the north and the south. The Grand Canal has also had a far-reaching impact on the future history of China. From an economic point of view, the reason why Beijing was built in the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty has to be said to have a lot to do with the strong material supply guarantee of the Grand Canal. Yang Di spent six years digging the Grand Canal and reigned for fourteen years. Among other things, we should proceed from the facts and fully affirm the historical achievements of Emperor Yang Di. If we boldly imagine that there is no Grand Canal, maybe Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin will dig it. Then, is there anything about the Grand Canal in the merits of Zhenguan rule?
Third, cultural contribution. Emperor Yang Di loved books, calligraphy and painting. "At the beginning of Xiking (Chang 'an) Jiaze Hall, there were 370,000 volumes of books, and the emperor (emperor) ordered the minister to release Liu and others. In addition to the seriousness of his accusation, he got more than 37,000 volumes of imperial books, and wrote 50 volumes with Du Dong (Luoyang) Xiuwentang, which is simply Taoism and divided into Xijing (Luoyang). Every three square households, two flying fairies are hung on the brocade cymbals, and the machine is placed on the outdoor ground. The imperial secretary holds the incense burner in the study, so the flying fairies close the curtain and the doors and kitchen doors open. When the emperor, after the collection, so "? 6? 1 classic chronicles can be remembered more clearly. He divided 50 kinds of replicas into three categories, the first category used shovel shafts, the second category used glazed shafts, and the second category used painted shafts. He also built two sets of famous paintings of places of interest since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, namely, the Miaotai in the east was used to collect ancient books, and the room platform in the west was used to collect ancient paintings.
Emperor Yang Di likes books, calligraphy and painting very much, which is rare among ancient emperors. Therefore, although the Sui Dynasty was short-lived, Sui Shu? 6? 1 The books recorded in Classic Annals are relatively good and complete, which is inseparable from the love of books by Emperor Yang Di. Yang Di also set up schools, visited and protected lost books, and restored schools in imperial academy, imperial academy and counties abolished by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. He also organized people to compile 400 copies of Changzhou Jade Mirror and 1200 copies of Qu Yu Tu, which contributed to the preservation of ancient books in China.
Fourth, develop the western region. From the first year of his accession to the throne, Emperor Yang Di wanted to disperse his troops to various places. This year, the northern Khitans invaded Yingzhou and were defeated by the general Wei, which strengthened their confidence in fighting. Two years later, Yang Guang began to develop and operate the western region on a large scale. Prior to this, the Sui Dynasty basically traded with merchants from the western regions in Zhangye, and the specific matters were handled by Pei Ju, assistant minister of Huangmen. Later, Pei Ju Shang Shu advocated the development and management of the western regions, saying, "Hu Zhong has many treasures, while Tu Gu Hun is easy to swallow." This aroused Yang Di's strong desire to achieve achievements like Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi. However, Emperor Yang Di did business at a loss. Excessive ambition, greed for vanity, wasted the country's huge wealth.
Yang Di mainly lured western businessmen to trade with North Korea with money, and ordered local counties and counties where western businessmen passed to be hospitable. This is not equal trade at all, but showing off one's literary and political talents in the name of trade. However, in order to develop and manage the western regions, Emperor Yang Di sent troops to do some unified work, such as "defeating Chuluohan, a western Turkic, removing a major obstacle, defeating Tuyuhun, building his territory into four counties, sending officials to govern, and ensuring smooth traffic with the western regions." In order to develop the western regions, Yang Di paid a huge price and consumed the country's huge wealth. However, the development of the western region is of great significance to the development of history. First of all, it achieved the goal of conquering western Turkistan and Tuguhun and strengthening the centralization of the Sui Dynasty. After the development of the western regions, many countries fell to the Sui Dynasty and became allies in the disintegration of the Western Turkistan and Tuguhun. Secondly, the friendly exchanges between the Central Plains and the people in the western regions have been strengthened, which laid a good foundation for the development of ethnic relations in the Tang Dynasty. Moreover, the smooth roads in the western regions have further strengthened the ties between the Central Plains and the people of all ethnic groups in the western regions, enhanced friendship and reduced barriers. Third, it has promoted the social and economic prosperity of the western region. Because the border troubles were eliminated after passing through the western regions, the economic development of the counties along the border was ensured and good conditions were created for the economic development of the western regions. In addition, it also developed the communication between China and the West in ancient China. It can be seen that Yang Di's exploitation of the Western Regions has more advantages than disadvantages for the development of China's feudal society, and the result can only be to promote the prosperity of the Sui Dynasty, but not to make it perish. Sui Shu? 6? 1 "Ji" said: "The emperor is old and I have heard about it for a long time. He was originally a member of the Nanping Wushu Association, but he was a Xiongnu in the north, a Kundi, and wrote his own voice. " After he ascended the throne, Yang Di got the recognition he deserved. Even Sima Guang, who had a deep prejudice against Yang Di, had to admit that the Sui Dynasty was extremely prosperous.