bush clover
Lespedeza, a species of Lespedeza in Leguminosae? Two colors? Tulz. ,
Small perennial shrub. Also known as Lespedeza bicolor
[Edit this paragraph] Botanical name
Lespedeza? Two colors? Tulz.
[Edit this paragraph] Source and distribution
Lespedeza bicolor (also known as Lespedeza bicolor) is distributed in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, North China, Northwest China, Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces. Abroad, Mongolia, the former Soviet Union, North Korea and Japan are also distributed.
[Edit this paragraph] Plant Morphology
Lespedeza in Leguminosae is a shrub with a height of 0.5 ~ 3 meters, dense branches, grayish brown old branches, yellowish brown young branches and sparse hairs. Three-leaf compound leaves alternate, with terminal leaflets broadly elliptic or ovoid, length 1.5 ~ 5cm, width 1 ~ 2cm, blunt apex, short spikes, wedge-shaped or round base, sparse short hairs on the back of leaves, small lateral leaflets, short stalks and 2 stipules in a strip shape. Racemes axillary, total pedicels longer than leaves, pedicels 2 ~ 3 mm long; Calyx cup-shaped, corolla butterfly-shaped, purple, flag petal obovate, wing petal oblong, keel petal nearly equal to flag petal. Pods are obovate, with obvious reticulate veins, sparsely or densely pilose, containing seeds 1 grain, brown, obovate and purple stripes. Cell chromosome: 2n? =? 22。
[Edit this paragraph] Plant characteristics
Lespedeza is a deciduous shrub with tolerance to shade, cold, drought and barren. Developed root system, strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. Its habitat is usually in warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area and subtropical hilly area, which is the dominant species in this area. It is also distributed on the edge of the forest. In areas where there is no forest or after the forest is destroyed, it is repeatedly cut down and burned, and the forest cannot be restored. Is that hazelnut mixed with Lespedeza? Different flowers), Spiraea? Species), raspberry (Rahus. Sp), hazel (Ostryo-psis? Davidia involucrata) and other shrubs. The main mixed grass and miscellaneous grass are wild ancient grass (hedgehog grass? Nirta), goose watching grass? Komji), Artemisia (Ar-temisia? Species), large fire grass (anemone? Populus tomentosa) etc. In North China, after forest destruction, it is often built with Liaodong (Quercus accounts for Liaodong Quercus) and birch? B. platyphyllum, Populus davidiana, etc. Mixed together to form a dominant shrub. Lespedeza is cold-resistant and can withstand the low temperature of -28 ~-30℃ without snow. Lespedeza Lespedeza has a developed root system. Biennial plants has a taproot depth of 170 ~ 200 cm and a root width of 130 ~ 200 cm. Young plants have developed nodules, with 40 ~ 200 nodules per plant. 70% of the roots are concentrated in 5 ~ 30 cm soil layer. Lespedeza leaves are wide. According to the determination of flowering period, the leaf area per plant is 9 square meters, and the ratio of stem to leaf changes with the development period, and the leaf amount reaches the maximum at flowering period. Since the second year, the growth rate of Lespedeza has been accelerated, and the plants at flowering stage can reach 1 ~ 3 meters, and the daily growth from bud stage to flowering stage can reach 1.83 cm. A biennial plant cultivated artificially. The fresh weight per plant can reach 2.03 kg, and the yield of fresh grass per mu is 2005 ~ 3408 kg.
[Edit this paragraph] Feeding value and utilization technology
Lespedeza is lush and palatable, and all kinds of domestic animals like it. It is also an excellent feed for rabbits, chickens and pigs to make grass powder. Lespedeza is rich in nutrition, with crude protein content of 13.4 ~ 17%, crude fiber of only 25. 1 ~ 24.4%, and rich in calcium and phosphorus. In the dry matter of ruminants, Lespedeza oleracea L. has a digestibility of 53.3 ~ 57.62%, which is slightly lower than that of alfalfa (62%) and higher than that of other shrub grasses, so it is one of the forage grasses with high digestibility.
In addition, Lespedeza is also an important nectar source plant.
[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques
Lespedeza is cultivated artificially in northeast China and north China. Sowing time is generally in early spring or rainy season when soil moisture is sufficient, and the cultivation effect in North China is better in July and August. Seeds can be shelled and scratched before sowing, which can improve the germination rate. The sowing amount is 4 ~ 5 kg per mu. Before sowing, apply 20 ~ 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu. The seedlings grow slowly, so weed 1 ~ 2 times. The annual output of grass is not high. In the second year, the seedlings grew rapidly, with a height of 40 ~ 50 cm. Cutting twice a year, 1 kg, yield fresh grass per mu 1500 ~ 2000 kg. It can be green feed or made into hay. When making hay, it is best to cut it at flowering time. The seeds should be harvested in Huangshi, and each mu can be harvested 15 ~ 20kg.
[Edit this paragraph] Breeding technology
Firstly, the fruit branches of Lespedeza tenuifolia are harvested, placed in the shade, fully mature, and automatically fall off when the seeds are fully mature and brown; Secondly, the seed coat is softened and ossified by the method of accelerating germination in sand storage, the seeds are stored in moist fine sand, mixed evenly, packed in wooden cases and placed in the shade, and can be planted when white spores appear; Thirdly, drilling seeds and sand according to a certain proportion when sowing; The fourth is to cover the plastic film to raise seedlings and promote their emergence as soon as possible; . The method is simple and convenient to operate. By mastering the time of seed collection, after-ripening the seeds and accelerating germination by sand storage, the seedling rate reached 95%.
[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal use
Do pharmacological actions belong to the same plant? Lespedeza? Head cauliflower contains substances that can reduce blood cholesterol and blood nitrogen levels (melting point 293-295℃). Flavonoid glycosides extracted from it can increase the excretion of urea and chloride ion if given orally to patients with nephropathy. It has no effect on sodium and potassium excretion and no diuretic effect. The alcohol extracts of its stems and fresh leaves (containing flavonoids and alkaloids, but not tannins) can be used as injections to treat extrarenal hyperkalemia, chronic nephritis and polycystic kidney disease. The chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine contain quercetin, kaempferol, trilobite, essential amino acids and tannin. ? Seeds contain catechins, epicatechin, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The effect of clearing heat and moistening lung; Diuretic stranguria; Textual research on hemostasis comes from the classification of families and genera in materia medica for famine relief. Leguminosae is mainly used to treat cough caused by lung heat; Cold and fever; Pertussis; Gonorrhea; Hematemesis; Bleeding; Urinating blood; The ecological environment of bloody stool was born under the mountain shrub.
All kinds of words?
1. "Fujian folk herbs": moistening the lungs and relieving fever, diuresis and stranguria. ?
2. "Jidong Materia Medica": strengthening tendons and benefiting kidneys, strengthening spleen and eliminating dampness. Treat dizziness, fatigue and snake injury. Efficacy classification: diuretics and tonglin drugs are sweet; The basic source of medicinal materials is the branches and leaves of Lespedeza, a leguminous plant. Usage and dosage: decocted, 9- 15g, fresh 30-60g；; ; Or make tea.
Prescription 1: Treatment of cough due to lung heat, whooping cough: one or two fresh Lespedeza, five yuan of rock sugar. Stew in boiling water for one hour, three times a day. Fujian folk herbs? 2 treatment of nosebleed: Lespedeza and rock sugar stew. (Jidong materia medica)? ③ Treatment of urinary leakage: one to two ounces of fresh Lespedeza, five to eight ounces of plantain and two ounces of rock sugar. Decoct with water twice a day as appropriate. Fujian folk herbs?
The source is stems and leaves of Lespedeza, a leguminous plant.
Plant morphology Lespedeza shrub, 0.5 ~ 2 meters high. 3 compound leaves, narrowly elliptic, obovate or ovoid leaflets, with the top leaflet length 1.5 ~ 7 cm and width 1 ~ 4 cm. Lateral leaflets are small, the base is gradually narrowed or rounded, the apex is often round and blunt, slightly short and sharp, entire, the top is green and glabrous. The lower part is light, sparsely pilose, and finally sometimes hairless. The raceme is axillary and panicle-shaped, and the total pedicel length is 4 ~15 cm; Bracteoles narrowly ovate, long 1 ~ 1.5 mm, brown, white, sparse outside; Calyx is 4.5 ~ 5 mm long, sparsely pilose, 4-lobed, smaller than 1/2 of calyx, and its upper lobe is 2-lobed, often hairless, oval or broadly lanceolate; Corolla purple, 2.5 ~ 3 times longer than calyx; Flag petal oval, generally longer than keel petal; Stamens 10, dimorphic; Pistil 1, style inflexed. Pods obliquely obovate, ovary stipe, short apex, more or less pilose. The flowering period is July-August. Fruiting period: September ~ 65438+ 10, born on the hillside. Distributed in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other places.