As we all know, composition teaching is a very important part of Chinese teaching, accounting for 40% in the exam, which can be said to account for half of Chinese subjects. However, our students' writing level is generally low, and most students are worried. When it comes to color change, they can't write a word for a long time, so students get bored when they see the composition. What about the teacher? They are also afraid of composition teaching, because despite their efforts to explain, students are still at a loss and at a loss. In particular, correcting the composition is time-consuming and laborious, but it is thankless. It is difficult for students to improve their writing level. So both teachers and students feel helpless and annoyed.
What is the specific situation? Let's take a look at the following groups of composition examples. I asked students to write an article about "My Mother" in a composition class in Grade Two, and the results are as follows:
At first, classmate A wrote: "Everyone has his own mother. My mother is our nearest relative. She has been with us since she was a child. She often has leisure, but she is very strict with me. " The following is a story about how his mother urged him to do his homework. Finally, he said, "My mother is great. We should study hard and repay her kindness in raising us. " The whole article is less than 300 words, it is a running account, full of vernacular.
At the beginning, classmate B wrote: "When I was seven or eight years old, my mother often took me to see a doctor because of my poor health." Then the second paragraph says that I had a high fever on a stormy night, and my mother went to see a doctor behind her back. On the way, my mother moved all the umbrellas to her place. As a result, my mother was wet by the rain, and I was very moved. The last paragraph says, "I am very grateful to my mother." End the full text.
Classmate C wrote better, beginning with something like this: "My mother is an ordinary working woman, but she is my life mentor. For fifteen years, it was you, my mother, who accompanied me without complaint. " Then the following paragraphs describe in detail how my mother taught herself when she encountered difficulties, so that she could overcome them and succeed. For example, the first time she wrote a composition, she handed in a blank sheet of paper because she was inexperienced and didn't understand grammar. When she got home, she told her about it. Her mother sacrificed her rest time to teach her writing skills, help her find writing inspiration and correct typos until late at night. The next day, she handed her composition to the teacher, who praised her good composition. She thanked her mother from the bottom of her heart At the age of thirteen, I don't know how to grow up. I always think that my mother's heartfelt advice is nagging and I had a quarrel with my mother. Later, I accidentally saw my mother crying under the lamp and finally understood her heart. The last paragraph says, "If I can get good grades in the exam and know the truth of being a man, I have to thank my mother." End the full text. The whole article is fluent, meticulous and decent, and well written.
From the above composition examples, we can easily find that students' writing level is uneven and unsatisfactory. What is the reason? I think there are three main reasons:
First, students read too little, resulting in less accumulation of words and vocabulary.
The ancients said, "Learn 300 Tang poems by heart, even if you can't write them." However, in recent years, with the increasing magic of the test baton, students are immersed in "sea tactics" all day, paying attention to test skills and abilities, and have little time and opportunity to read a large number of extracurricular books. In addition, now middle school students watch more TV dramas, play more video games, surf the Internet and QQ more, and usually read newspapers and essays, but there are even fewer literary masterpieces. Therefore, the lack of the habit of accumulating words at ordinary times leads to students' lack of knowledge, inability to express in words, verbalization, and even writing articles that only he knows and others find difficult to understand. For example, a classmate wrote it.
Second, students' life is monotonous and boring, which leads to the lack of subject matter and nothing to say when writing.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Writing is inseparable from life. To what extent can life be enriched, what articles will be created. " Life is an inexhaustible source of composition materials, but now the equation of middle school students' life is "eat-study-sleep", which is very dull. In addition, students seldom take the initiative to understand society and life, so students always write those stale topics. For example, it was written by classmate B.
Third, lack of interest in writing leads to fear of writing.
Some students seldom try the joy of success because of their poor learning foundation, and the lack of encouragement and criticism from teachers makes them afraid of writing, so they can only look up to writing and cannot actively participate in the practice of writing. Over time, their dislike of writing is growing. Under such circumstances, writing a good composition is just a fantasy.
Fourth, students' lack of basic knowledge leads to the lack of methods and digression in composition.
For various reasons, many students have not mastered the basic knowledge, as well as the basic knowledge of vocabulary, sentence patterns, grammar, rhetoric and so on. It's rare. Therefore, there is a common problem among middle school students nowadays, that is, they write whatever comes to mind as soon as they receive the essay questions, no matter whether the composition is suitable for the topic or not, there are either many typos or many sentences, not to mention any ideas, writing methods and skills. In short, it is enough to hand in the composition.
Faced with such problems in middle school students' writing, how should a middle school Chinese teacher guide students to get rid of the predicament of writing and step into a good situation of writing? I think we should start from the following aspects:
First, combine reading and writing to promote writing through reading.
Reading is the basis of writing. But now many students turn a deaf ear to things outside the window and concentrate on reading textbooks. They think that learning from books is enough, and they seldom read extracurricular books, so they lack writing materials and writing references, which makes them afraid of writing. If you want to have something to say and write, you must accumulate writing materials. Therefore, we should improve students' writing ability by improving their reading ability.
(A) the inherent relationship between reading and writing and their mutual influence
Reading and writing are closely related. The ancients said, "Reading is like writing." It vividly embodies the promotion of reading to writing. Reading and writing develop in parallel in Chinese teaching. People who read a lot and have strong reading ability can often write wonderful articles. People who read less will definitely not write articles. On the contrary, if a person feels embarrassed to write a few words, where will he read more? People who are equally good at writing often read more books than ordinary people, and their ability to read articles must be beyond the reach of ordinary people. Sima Qian read through ancient books and wrote historical records, which was praised by Lu Xun as "a swan song of ancient and modern times, without rhyme" Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei and other people with extraordinary literary attainments have read more than 10,000 volumes! Qian Zhongshu is well-read and proficient in Chinese and western literature, and his works are wonderful. Numerous examples illustrate the relationship between reading and writing.
Mr. Lv Shuxiang said, "Once you learn reading skills, it is not difficult to write your own articles." This also shows the close relationship between reading and writing. Judging from the gene and thinking transformation process of ability composition, the law of middle school students' writing ability development is "accumulation-imitation-reference-creation". . Accumulation is the accumulation of composition materials, including life experience accumulation, knowledge and skills accumulation and language accumulation, which in turn depends on reading. Through reading, students learn the writing rules and various writing skills, accumulate a large number of vocabulary and improve their language expression ability. On this basis, students can flexibly apply the skills, language, ideas, techniques and typical examples in other people's masterpieces to their own articles through imitation and reference, thus completing the article writing. When students' writing ability develops to a certain extent, they will consciously or unconsciously get rid of the crutches of imitation and reference and create independently. The improvement of students' writing level, in turn, contributes to the improvement of reading comprehension, generalization, thinking and memory, and the accumulation of their knowledge, skills and language, thus forming a virtuous circle.
In this way, reading and writing will complement each other, promote each other and complement each other.
(2) Stimulate students' interest in reading, cultivate students' reading habits, and improve students' reading ability step by step.
① How to stimulate students' interest in reading?
Suhomlinski said: "All mental work depends on interest." Therefore, if you lose interest and confidence in learning, you will lose your desire to learn, and the learning effect will be impossible. Due to the development of modern information, the range and frequency of people's daily use of written language is far less than that of spoken language. With TV, people directly face colorful TV pictures. With computers, people can play exciting games or chat on QQ. How many people are interested in reading Chinese and foreign classics? How many people told the stories of these famous books? Middle school students, in particular, lack interest in reading. Therefore, to improve middle school students' writing level, we must first cultivate their interest in reading. Interest is motivation. Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." It is about the role of interest in the formation of students' consciousness. Therefore, in order to improve students' reading interest, it is necessary to study students' reading interest and reading psychology according to their age characteristics. When guiding students to read, we should take various and colorful reading activities to stimulate students' healthy reading interest. For example, when organizing students' extracurricular reading, we should organize students to communicate and let them talk about their unique feelings, experiences and sentiments of reading this book and this article, just as it is usually said that 1000 readers have 1000 hamlets. Due to the individual differences of students, their experiences and feelings about the article are also different. We should fully affirm what is well said and correct what is not well said. In this way, teachers and students discuss with each other, changing "centralized discussion" into "collective discussion" If students realize the fun of exploring the root of the problem and start reading by themselves, they will gain rich knowledge, their interest in reading will be gradually enhanced, and their listening, speaking, reading and writing skills will be greatly improved.
At the same time, we should pay attention to cultivating reading habits.
Ye Shengtao said: "What is education? In a simple sentence, it is to develop good habits. " Good Chinese learning habits are one of the contents and symbols of self-study ability, and also an important prerequisite for successful learning. This fully shows the importance of cultivating reading habits to Chinese.
First of all, we should cultivate students' habit of reading and writing. As the saying goes, "a good memory is not as good as a bad writing." In the process of reading, it will be much better to record words and sentences that you don't understand, and then use reference books or ask others to answer them. This is much better than relying solely on the teacher's "cramming", and it is also necessary to cultivate students' habit of recording reading experiences at any time. These are very helpful to improve students' reading ability and expression ability.
Secondly, we should cultivate students' habit of extracting and accumulating. Su Shi, a great writer, advocated that "Bo Zheng wants to take it, thick and thin." Let students develop the habit of extracting and accumulating, which is to prepare for students' "correct imitation". Mr. Lu Xun once said: "You must pick many flowers like bees to make honey." Once bitten, the income is very limited. " All these show that accumulation plays a very important role in composition. Some students start to write, but they can do it in one go, but they can't finish it. The reason is to work hard on accumulation. In reading, we consciously collect and sort out the words, sentences and famous sayings in the reading materials, which are rich in materials. Many students are speechless, so they have to "sigh at the topic". The root cause is the lack of materials and an empty stomach. The amount of materials stored in the warehouse is directly related to the quality of composition, so it is necessary to cultivate students' good habit of accumulating materials.
Third, cultivate students' interest in writing.
Interest is the stimulus of pleasure and interest when people actively explore something or an activity. So, how to cultivate students' interest in composition?
First, be good at finding bright spots and affirming encouragement in time. As the saying goes, "that's not true." To learn a thing well, interest is very important. It is the conscious motivation to acquire knowledge for creative creation, the internal motivation to stimulate and promote students' creation, and an important way to improve students' writing level. Therefore, it is a good method to encourage students to create, cultivate students' interest in creation and recommend publishing articles in composition teaching. When correcting students' compositions, I must find their advantages and highlights, give affirmation and encouragement, and every time I write a composition, I ask students to take it seriously, post some excellent works and read aloud in class. Even if a word is used well and a wonderful beginning is written, I will sincerely praise it, thus stimulating students' interest in writing. I remember one time, a classmate with poor grades in my class wrote unreasonable composition sentences, used unsatisfactory words and lacked words. Once, I found that his composition was good and novel, so I gave him special guidance. Then I read his composition emotionally in the composition evaluation class, affirmed her progress and suggested that the whole class learn from him. Since then, his writing attitude has been much more positive, he can write enough words every time, and sometimes he will read some extra-curricular books carefully. Therefore, in composition teaching, teachers should create opportunities as much as possible, so that students at all levels can get the experience of writing success and enjoy the joy of success, thus stimulating students' interest in writing.
Second, teach students in accordance with their aptitude and give classified guidance. As the saying goes, it is normal for students with "ten fingers differ" to have different writing levels. The "one size fits all" teaching method will make good students full, while poor students can't afford it, which will also make students lose interest and produce negative psychology and behavior. Therefore, every time I write, I put forward different requirements, tasks and classified guidance according to the different levels of students. Good students encourage them to participate in various composition competitions, actively contribute to newspapers and periodicals, meet the needs of self-realization, reduce the requirements for poor students, reduce the difficulty, and let them achieve a small goal through hard work. So as to stimulate their interest in writing.
Fourth, cultivate students' habit of observing life, being good at thinking and feeling the world with heart.
Composition comes from life, and countless new things happen around us every day. Unfortunately, some students turn a blind eye and turn a deaf ear. So some students have nothing to say and nothing to write when writing a composition. They want to write sentence by sentence like toothpaste, and often there are not enough words. Most of the reasons are lack of observation of life or unaccustomed to thinking. Lu Xun said: "If you want to create, you must observe first." Only abundant materials are available. You are free to write articles. We are living people. Among them, there are a lot of written materials. As long as we are good at observing and thinking, the source of writing must be endless. "Ask where the canal is so clear, because there is a source of living water." Observation is one of the important means to learn from the source of life and obtain composition materials. It is not the lack of beauty around us, but the lack of eyes to find beauty. We should love life, always observe life with people who are willing to live, and find the truth, goodness, beauty, falsehood, ugliness and ugliness in life. Think about life and ask a few more questions about the observed phenomenon. Only in this way can we have our own thoughts and form our own views and unique opinions on the surrounding dribs and drabs. In short, the more carefully you observe life, the more vivid you describe it. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate students' habit of observing life, being good at thinking and feeling the world with heart.
Fifth, help students summarize some writing methods and skills to improve their writing level.
1. Teach students writing skills-set beautiful titles. The title is the eye of the article, and an eye-catching title is the most eye-catching highlight of an article. In order to make the topic beautiful and novel, students can be guided to adopt the following methods: a. Citation. Directly quote poems, famous sentences, lyrics, proverbs, advertisements and titles consistent with the material center. This kind of essay is eye-catching and easy to attract readers' attention. For example, there is only one good mother in the world. B. Rhetoric style. In other words, figures of speech are used to imitate titles, and there are common methods such as metaphor, personification and metonymy. Using this method to draw up the title is vivid and infectious. For example, an essay entitled "Environmental Protection" can be titled "Sigh of Trees". C. punctuation marks. Punctuation is a silent language, and punctuation is the title of an article. It can make the article novel and unique, arouse readers' interest and see what it is. Like life- 》。
2. Provide guidance on strategic methods-write the beginning and the end. The ancients called the beginning of the article "phoenix head" and the end of the article "leopard tail". A good beginning is eye-catching and gives the heat a sense of sound. Happy ending, if she just turns her head and smiles, there are a hundred spells. So, how should teachers guide students to write a good beginning and end? We can provide some methods. For example, the writing at the beginning: ① Clever use of rhetoric, showing elegant demeanor, suspense into the topic, fascinating, lyrical opening, touching, turning to the topic, vivid and profound description into the topic, natural and sincere. The ending methods are: ① natural ending; 2 the finishing touch; 3 echo from beginning to end; 4 epigrams; ⑤ Lyric discussion.
3. To write a good composition, students must be instructed to temper their words and make good use of rhetoric to add luster to the article. Confucius said, "Without words, it is not far away." Excellent works must be "literary", and those articles with plain, dull and ugly words like "beggars" are naturally abandoned. This determines my premise of guiding students' composition: middle school students should be dazzling first, and then plain and natural. As a beginner in composition, when writing a composition, you always have to attract readers with rich vocabulary and beautiful words in order to get high marks in your composition. Therefore, in order to write a good composition, we must guide students to temper their words and make good use of rhetoric to add luster to the article.
In short, "Rome was not built in a day". To improve students' writing level in an all-round way requires not only the bold reform of Chinese teachers, but also the mobilization of students' enthusiasm, so that they can develop good writing habits, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, improve their writing level in specific writing practice, and make "writing teaching is a long-standing problem" a thing of the past forever.