Eighteen kinds of weapons-Bow
Bow is one of the ancient weapons, which can excite strings and shoot arrows, and can reach far. The origin of this method is the oldest. The Yellow Emperor fought against Zhuolu, and he only used bow and arrow to win, which is the earliest one with bow and arrow; However, the bows and arrows at that time were all made of bamboo and wood. Although they were far away, they were not perfect. After that, they explained their principles, invented each other and refined them. As a result, the bows and arrows became the weapon of war one by one, which not only made the ancients shoot hundreds of skills, but also suppressed the firearms of later generations. Although they were all explained by later generations, their creators' contributions were also indispensable. According to the first person to wave the bow and arrow; Kao Gong Ji Yun: In ancient times, Huang Dichen waved a bow, while Xunzi called it a bow, while Shan Hai Jing called it a bow. According to the age test, when the wave is the creator, it is probably the bow of the ancient people. At that time, the use of bows and arrows was more than 1 times that of other weapons. Not only was it powerful and far-reaching, but it was good at being a performer. After careful study, it was familiar with it, and it was foolproof to shoot people with a hundred paces. Compared with modern firearms, it was not much to give up, so it was appropriate to pay attention to the eighteen martial arts, which began with a crossbow and ended in vain.
Han Liuxi's Interpretation of Names and the Release of Soldiers: "Bow, dome, and the dome of Zhang are also natural. At the end of it, it is said that the flute tip is also; It's also called "Yi", and it's slippery with bones. The central authorities say "caress" and "caress", and people caress and hold it. Xiao Fu's idle words are profound, profound and graceful, and words are graceful and melodious.
In p>1963, a flint headstock from the Paleolithic Age was discovered at the Zhiyu site in Shanxi Province, 28, years ago. It is made of very thin long stone pieces, sharp and geometric, and has the form of a trowel head.
There are six kinds of bow, such as king bow, arc bow, clip bow, thin bow, Tang bow and big bow. Their shapes and usages are different. The king bow and the arc bow are used for guarding the city and fighting cars, the clip bow and the thin bow are used for field hunting and shooting birds, and the Tang bow and the big bow are used for shooting. The size of the bow is also divided into upper bow (6 feet 6 inches), middle bow (6 feet 3) and lower bow (6 feet) according to the user's body length and physical strength.
There are three kinds of bows in the Han Dynasty: the Tiger Bow, the Carved Bow, the Corner Bow, the Road Bow and the Strong Bow. Most bows are inlaid with bronze ornaments or jade ornaments.
[ Edit this paragraph] Eighteen kinds of weapons-crossbows
crossbows are also bows, which are said to be made by the Yellow Emperor. They are also called nest bows, and their arrows do not depend on manpower, but are enclosed by machines, which are powerful and far away, and are stronger than bows. Hunters always set up bushes and spears, so that tigers and leopards mistakenly practice their machines and hit the arrows. This shows their strength. However, the form of crossbow is slightly different from the bow. In the back of the bow, one arm is placed horizontally, and the arrow is fired, that is, when firing, the string is first placed on the machine, which is called crossbow tooth here, and then the crossbow nose is pressed, but the direction is different. This is the next, and this is the next, just like the machine of a mouse trap, so it is a crossbow nose. Crossbows have different sizes and names. The small ones climb with their hands, and the big ones need to use their feet, which is not enough to cover them. Its names are arm crossbow, flower crossbow, stirrup crossbow, etc., all of which are probably given different names because of their different usages. The structure of the crossbow is still the same. Probably, these names are all from the Tang and Song Dynasties, not the names set in ancient times. The function of crossbow is greater than that of bow and arrow, and firearms are popular, so the position of crossbow has plummeted, and even today, not only are few people familiar with it, but their names and forms have been forgotten. However, there are many mountains and forests in the north, and poisonous snakes and beasts are sometimes harmful to the people. Mountain dwellers still set up nests and bows to defend themselves. Orion hunts animals for a living. Besides the fire, he also uses the nest bow to ambush. Once the fire fails, some people kill animals with crossbows. Therefore, although the crossbow arrow is not used in war, people outside the mouth of the mountain and Shaanxi, especially those who learn it more, make a living by self-defense, and the way to benefit both sides is also; If the people in the south are weak and plain, although they pay a little attention to military affairs today, there is no one who can recover in this way.
Han Liu-xi's "Interpreting the Name and Releasing the Soldiers": "The crossbow is angry, and there is anger. Its handle is called an arm, which looks like a human arm. Those who hook strings say teeth, just like teeth. Guo is called outside the teeth, which is the rule of the teeth. Xiayue County Dao, its shape is also natural. Including the mouth of the machine, it is as clever as the machine, and it is also like the opening and closing of the cardinal of the portal.
A crossbow has a longer range than a bow.
during the warring States period, there were four crossbows: the clip crossbow, the thin crossbow, the Tang crossbow and the big crossbow. Clip crossbows and thin crossbows are light and fast, and they are mostly used to attack and defend the fortress; Tang crossbows and big crossbows are strong crossbows. Although they have a long range, their firing speed is slow, and they are mostly used in vehicle wars and field battles.
A Brief Introduction to the History of Han Dynasty, Art and Literature, and the History of War: 15 articles of Wangyuan Liancrossbow Shooting.
In the Han Dynasty, there were two kinds of crossbows: the crossbow with the arms open and the crossbow with the foot stepped.
When Zhuge Liang was in Shu, he once made a crossbow called Yuanrong. The crossbow arrow was made of iron and was eight inches long. Ten arrows were put in a crossbow slot, and when the trigger was pressed once, one arrow could be shot out from the hole. Then another arrow in the crossbow slot fell into the chamber, and then it was wound and could be shot again. (collection of martial arts P164)
The crossbow in the Jin Dynasty was bigger than that in the Han Dynasty, and it was named "Wanjun God Crossbow". For example, in December of the sixth year of Yi Xi, Emperor Jin 'an (AD 41), Liu Yu used Wan Jun's crossbow to break Lu Xun.
In the first year of Xining, Song Shenzong (168 AD), Li Hong invented the crossbow, which was named Shenbi Bow. The History of Song Dynasty said: "The length is three feet two inches, the chord is two feet five inches, and the arrow feather is several inches long. He shot more than 34 steps and half an arrow into the elm tree. It has the advantages of long range and light weight, so it has been spread to the Ming Dynasty.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, bed crossbows prevailed, and The Classic of Martial Arts contained double bow bed crossbows, big cicada crossbows, Bucket crossbows, three bow hand crossbows and three bow crossbows. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the crossbow gradually declined, and the Qing army was no longer used as a fighting weapon.
[ Edit this paragraph] Eighteen kinds of weapons-guns
The things with long guns have the oldest origin. In the era of car wars, soldiers used long soldiers, except bows and arrows, but spears were the most suitable ones, so spears were called Zhang Ba, and the arrival of guns actually began here; Unfortunately, although it was a fighting tool at that time, there was no certain method to use it; The two arrays are opposite, but with this weapon, they can attack each other at a distance. According to legend, the gun is actually handed down from Miao Man, and the gun spectrum contains: in the west, there are people who eat their own martial arts, and the people are brave and fierce. Both men and women are skilled in martial arts, and the artists are king, and the masses are obedient, so they dare not violate it; Therefore, Wu Chishi's family, children are five or six years old, even if they practice martial arts, those who are weak and unable to join the army will be abandoned by their parents, and the people in the village will not be with Wu; The clan is especially good at the pike method. The spear is seven to eight feet long, with a golden front and a wooden handle. When dancing, the cold stars are dotted with silver, and water can't be poured in. It can be used to attack the enemy, and the arrow stone can't destroy it. This is also the beginning of marksmanship. According to the western suspicion, referring to the western regions, Wu Chishi's family can not be tested. As for when this law was introduced into the Central Plains, there are different opinions and there is no need to delve into it. In short, marksmanship originated from Takechi's family, which is beyond doubt.
Like spears, spears were the most widely used long spearmen in ancient battlefields, which were recorded in the later Han Dynasty, but their blades were sharp and long, and they did not break away from the spearhead form. Because spears were inconvenient to use, guns were gradually popular in Jin Dynasty. At that time, the bronze spear head used was slightly smaller than before, and it was similar to the iron spear head of later generations. There were many people who were good at guns in the Tang Dynasty. The Biography of Wang Yanzhang in the Five Dynasties said: "Yan Zhang was brave and powerful, and he was able to walk with a hundred steps, riding with an iron gun and flying like a fly, while others could not lift it. In the army, he called the Wang Tie gun. After the Song Dynasty, spears were basically replaced by guns. Eighteen kinds of long-rod iron guns in the Song Dynasty were listed in Ceng Gongliang's "Wu Jing Zong Yao", including: horse-pounding gun, double hook gun, ring gun, single hook gun, turn gun, turn gun, cone gun and so on. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, is very good at using guns. Up to now, there are still Yue family marksmanship.
Biography of Li Quan in the Song Dynasty: Li Quan is agile with a bow and horse, and can transport an iron gun, which is called Li Tie Gun. Yang, the whole wife, said, "Twenty years of pear blossom guns are invincible in the world."
Qi Jiguang's New Book of Ji Xiao said: "The method of pike began with Yang's, which is called pear flower, and the world is salty; The beauty lies in familiarity. When you are familiar, your heart can forget your hand and your hand can forget your gun. The use of roundness is not sluggish, and it is not expensive to be quiet. When you are quiet, your heart does not move wildly, but you are rich, unpredictable and infinite. In Jin Yong's The Condor Heroes, Yang Kang used the Yang family gun method.
The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of the development and branching of martial arts, so at this stage, the theory and technology of gunmanship were obviously improved, and each marksmanship was competitive. He Liangchen's "Battle Records" said: "The Majia gun, the Shajia pole and the Lijia spear all have their own advantages. They can be used both in length and in depth. They are unstoppable and fast, and the world is invincible, but Yang Lihua is also a marksman. At that time, Yang's gun method was respected because Yang's gun was "false and true, and odd and positive;" Its advance is sharp, and its retreat is slow; Its potential is dangerous and its section is short; Don't move like a mountain, move like Lei Zhen ". In the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1635), Bi Maokang, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, wrote a picture of a pear flower gun burning with fire, and explained: "The pear flower gun is tied to the head of a pike with a barrel of pear flowers, and fired for several tens of feet. When the enemy falls to the ground with medicine, he stabs the enemy with a gun when the fire is over. This kind of gun has the function of a firearm, and it was obviously an effective weapon before the appearance of new firearms.
in the late Qing dynasty, pike tended to be simple, with a flat blade and a round bottom barrel, which is the type used in martial arts today. At present, the popular guns are big guns, flower guns, double-headed guns, short guns, double guns, hooks, guns and so on. The usage of guns mainly includes: stabbing, stabbing, tarting, punching, winding, circling, blocking, taking, pouncing, pointing, poking, dancing and so on.
[ Edit this paragraph] Eighteen kinds of weapons-Dao
The broadsword was also a sharp weapon in the era of Chezhan. At the beginning, it only stopped chopping and chopping, and at the beginning, it didn't have all kinds of deification to control the enemy, which was almost the same as the Zhangba snake spear. The descendants of the husband, the war reform, the horse and the horse, and the soldiers who used the broadsword, knowing the shortcomings of the law to win, were based on their own experience in the war, and came up with various methods of using the broadsword to help kill the enemy and control the fruit, so there were various changes. The most famous broadsword is Guan Wang's knife, and the cover is Guan Yu's knife method; The Three Kingdoms contains Guan Wang Dao, which weighs 82 Jin and is 1 feet long. The ancient system is shorter than today, and it is only eight feet long and has strange ears. The broadsword of this world is covered like this, that is, the knife method has changed because of this. There are more than one kind of broadsword, such as the wind-shifting knife, the big fork knife, the nine-ring knife and the two-edged knife. They are all broadswords, with different styles and different names. To its usage, all roads lead to the same goal, and there is no big difference at first; Therefore, Guan Wang Dao. It can be said that it is the ancestor of broadsword, and all other broadswords have been born out of it since then. Although they have their own changes, none of them can be deified with precision and perfect. Today, I use this knife as a handout, which is good for the public and good for the people, and also follows the ancient law.
Knife is one of the earliest weapons in China. Primitive people used it to cut, chop, scratch, or cut animal skins. The bronze knives of the Shang Dynasty were born out of primitive stone knives, and large-scale combat knives appeared. The ring-headed Dao used in the Zhou Dynasty was not only used in the Han Dynasty, but also spread to Japan and Korea. In the Han dynasty, emperors and ministers all wore swords instead of swords, which shows that the role of knives was particularly prominent in the Han dynasty.
in the song dynasty, it inherited the system of the three kingdoms, the Jin dynasty, the sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty. the traditional single knife was only one color, with a heavy knife shape and a wide iron blade. The other broadswords are widely used, such as bending knife, covering (covering) the moon knife and so on. Eyebrow sharp knife, phoenix mouth knife, pen knife, etc.
In the Ming Dynasty, Japanese Dao was mostly imitated, and it was used as a long knife with two hands holding the handle, which could cut off or damage the handle of an opponent's long soldier. Qi Jiguang's New Book of Ji Xiao: "Long Dao has existed since the Japanese invaded China. If you are good at jumping, you will be more than ten feet when you enter the foot. If the knife is five feet long, it will be five feet long. Our soldiers are short and difficult to connect, long and agile, and our bodies are broken.
Martial artists often use "the sword is like a tiger" to describe its bravery, ferocity and strength. A broadsword is a long weapon. As the saying goes, "A broadsword looks at its blade", that is, it takes time to chop, wipe, lift, chop, stab, press, hang and check the blade. Both the single knife and the double knife are short weapons, which means that "the single knife looks at the hand, while the double knife looks at the walk". Therefore, the single knife stresses chest wrapping and chopping, chopping, stabbing, pulling, wiping, blocking and cutting, while the double knife stresses uniform force with both hands, clear knife style, flexible steps and coordination from top to bottom, so as to show the posture of "flowers hidden in leaves and butterflies flying". At present, ju Dao, three-pointed two-edged Dao, double-ring Dao and long Dao (two-handed Dao) are popular.
[ Edit this paragraph] Eighteen kinds of weapons-sword
Sword, a sacred product of ancient times, are supreme and noble, and people and gods are salty and revered. He is the ancestor of short soldiers, a weapon of close combat, and he entered the mysterious legend with profound Taoist skills. In fact, because of its portability, admiration and quick use, princes and emperors, literati and chivalrous men, merchants and ordinary people all took pride in it. Since ancient times, sword and art have often fought in the battlefield, dominated the Wulin, established the country, and acted in benevolence and righteousness. Therefore, they have been passed down to this day and are still loved by the world. They are also deeply rooted in people's hearts because of their glorious history.
Jian originated in the era of Xuanyuan Huangdi. According to the Yellow Emperor Ben Jiyun, "The Emperor used the bronze casting sword of Shoushan Mountain to engrave it with astronomical ancient characters"; According to several articles of Guan Zi, "In the past, gold was issued from Luzhi Mountain in Ge Tian, and Chiyou was made of it as a sword armor". The above two statements, like the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou, both made swords for soldiers.
according to the above, no matter who the founder of Jian is, he was born in the era of the yellow emperor, so there is no doubt. The Yellow Emperor built a temple in 4615 BC (274 BC), with the title Xiong, when the fashion department first entered the Bronze Age. However, it can be inferred from this that the birth of the sword is extremely ancient and has a long history, so later people call it the "ancestor of short soldiers", which really deserves it.
from the yellow emperor to the eastern Zhou dynasty, most swords were made of copper, with good quality and progressive refining technology. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the sword system was established, and the method of making the sword was elaborated. Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji said: "Zhou Guan Tao's family is a sword, and it is two inches long and half wide, so it is widely used for its wax. The stem circle is twice as long. In its stem, after the battle, the body is very five of its stems, and it is heavy [according to: Zhou Li's six and a half are one], which means that it is above the system and above the soil. It's four stems long and seven tangs heavy, which is called neutral system, and the sergeant takes it. The length of the body is three stems, and the weight is five, and the corporal takes it. " Archaeological records also say: "Sword, the name of an ancient vessel, has two edges and a ridge, and from the back to the edge, it is called wax, or it is called" Hua "(that is, the body of the sword). Below the back blade, it is separated from the handle, which is called the head (that is, the sword plate), and the grip below the head is called the stem (that is, the sword handle), and the end of the stem is called the duo.
from the above, it can be seen that the sword is a sharp and long weapon with a sharp edge, and its size depends on the human body and the number of people to be measured. Zheng Hua explained the sword in detail, saying that "people have different shapes and sizes, so making swords for their clothing is not just to look at beauty, but to make them suitable for use." Therefore, it is a third-class system, in order to treat third-class people, so as to suit themselves. The stem of a sword is five inches long. If the body of the sword is five times as long as the stem, it will be three feet long. If it is heavy, it will weigh three pounds and twelve liang. It is extremely long and heavy, so it is called the upper system. Only those who are long and powerful can win, so the staff sergeant is convinced. The body of the sword has four stems, the length of which is two feet and five inches, and the weight of which is seven, which is two pounds and fourteen liang, so it is called neutral. Only the man who gets the best is fit to take it, so the sergeant takes it. If the body of the sword stops at three stems, it will be two feet long, and if it stops at five tangs, it will be two pounds and one second and three points in the middle ear, which is light and short, so it is called the next system. Those who are short in shape and weak in strength can serve. "
The above-mentioned sword system was generally used in ancient times, but it was still changed in different dynasties, especially from Qin Dynasty to Song Dynasty. Zheng Huayun said, "If we compare the sword of Qin and Han Dynasties with the sword of Song Dynasty, the sword of Song Dynasty is twenty-one inches and three inches.