Studies have shown that bacterial endotoxin can lead to sepsis. In the pathophysiological process of sepsis, endotoxin can directly or indirectly cause uncontrolled inflammatory reaction, immune dysfunction, hypermetabolism and multiple organ dysfunction. In sepsis, infectious factors activate mononuclear phagocyte system and other inflammatory cells, producing and releasing a large number of inflammatory mediators. Sepsis is an endogenous inflammatory mediator, including vasoactive substances, cytokines, chemokines, oxygen free radicals, acute reactive substances, active and bioactive lipids, plasma enzyme system products and fibrinolysis system.
Sepsis can be caused by trauma or severe burns, and sepsis occurs after surgery. Clinically, sepsis is common in pneumonia, meningitis, cholangitis, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, meningitis abscess and so on. Pathogenic microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, pathogens and parasites. However, not all blood cultures of sepsis patients are positive for pathogenic microorganisms that cause infection. The positive rate of blood culture in patients with septic shock is only 45%. Sepsis often occurs in patients with serious diseases, such as severe burns, multiple injuries and postoperative patients.
It may be caused by decreased resistance, especially some patients with chronic diseases, who are more prone to sepsis. In addition, it may also be caused by infection, drug factors or improper treatment of local diseases, most of which are caused by infection, including abdominal cavity, lung and urinary tract infections.