In the eyes of ordinary people, the emperor and the people should complement each other, and their relationship should be that the emperor sympathizes with the people and the people support the emperor.
But in this book, the emperor and the people are regarded as opposites.
The first thing a ruler should learn is how to control the people. What is even more incredible is that this classic has been included in the study of many emperors of dynasties, and even once it was listed as a banned book, so that people were not allowed to read it.
Moreover, the theory in this classic has been applied in practice, and an extremely powerful empire has been created. Gradually, he actually became a magic weapon to win in troubled times. This classic is the book of Shang Jun. ..
Shang Yang was a thinker in the Warring States period and an extremely clever man. But if you understand his thoughts, you will find that this person is not clever, but insidious and extremely insidious.
Shang Yang was born in Wei during the Warring States Period. Since he was a child, he especially liked to study the truth of governing the country and leveling the world, and he showed a sinister taste from an early age.
When he grew up, Shang Yang followed Guo Wei's grandfather and uncle and recognized their scholars, which can be understood as counselors.
That's what the uncle said about Shang Yang. He told Wei Huiwang that if the master didn't use Shang Yang, he must be killed and not allowed to go to other countries. But Wei Huiwang didn't take it seriously, so he didn't kill him or use him.
Shang Yang felt that he could not realize his ideal in Wei, so he went to Qin.
In 359 BC, Qin was still the weak country among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. In order to change the status quo, Qin Xiaogong planned to carry out political reform in Qin, and Shang Yang was the person who carried out political reform for him.
Shang Yang does have a way. After two political reforms, in just over ten years, he turned the originally weak State of Qin into one of the best powers.
At this time, Shang Yang had a name called "Shang Jun", but what followed was the sequela of political reform.
In 338 BC, he died and Qin succeeded to the throne. Because Shang Yang's political reform offended too many aristocratic forces, after Qin Wanghui ascended the throne, Qin nobles made a series of accusations against Shang Yang.
Finally, he got a car crack. The Book of Shang Jun is a classic of Shang Yang and his later generations, which was written on the basis of Shang Yang's political reform.
Seeing Shang Yang in the textbook here, we will understand. It doesn't sound like a hero, but at least it's not a bad guy, right?
But is this really the case? Did Shang Yang really help civilians? If Shang Yang didn't help civilians, why did Qin develop so rapidly?
Next, we will learn about the art of a real emperor through the Book of Shang Jun..
There is no doubt that Shang Jun's whole book is about governing the country. So what is his method of governing the country? The core method is to strengthen the country and weaken the people.
Among them, he recorded: "If the people are weak, the country will be strong, and the country will be weak. Therefore, the state of Tao is weak, simple and strong, and weak. Weakness is trace, lewdness is more ambitious, weakness is useful, and many are ambitious.
Therefore, we should bully the weak with the strong; Eliminate the strong from the weak and strengthen yourself.
"What does this mean? If any country wants to be strong, the first thing to do is to control its own people. How to control it? Let the people become weak.
Shang Jun believes that the state and the people are opposites. A strong country makes the people weak, and a strong people makes the country weak.
Therefore, if the country wants to be strong, it must make people weak.
The reason why Shang Yang eliminated aristocratic privileges from the beginning was not because of the people, but because of the truth of strengthening the country and weakening the people.
He believes that the law is the foundation of a country, and only by making people obey the law can we better control the law.
In this way, people will not form a powerful force against the country and the monarch. If the monarchy is firmly established, the country will be well controlled, and if the country is well controlled, it will be invincible.
The most terrible thing in this is the weak and ignorant truth, trying to make people live and work in peace and contentment and make people weak. Most people's idea is to make some laws to fool them, so that they can't see some truth clearly.
But Shang Yang doesn't think so. He thinks that human nature is evil, and fooling can't be fooled. If it is really a wise monarch who runs the country, the country may not be strong.
Human nature is greedy, and when the monarch can't satisfy the people's desires, this greed will break out.
In this way, the country will face an unstoppable disaster, so we should repay evil with good, not with good. Strengthen military laws and use force.
If the rulers become good, then the people will become evil. If the rulers become evil, then the people will become good.
So how to achieve this effect? The specific way is to pay more attention to rewards. Governing a country is not like managing a company. Although they are all related to people, in the final analysis, they are different in nature.
If there are fewer rewards, the people will fight. When they focus on a few rewards. The ruling class is naturally on it.
Where is the root of feudalism evil? Many people don't understand. You can just read Shang Jun's book, maybe you can understand it.
The book records: "If the country treats traitors with good people, it will be chaotic; If the country governs the good people with traitors, it will be strong. "
This sentence is quite understandable. If the country uses good people to govern treacherous people, it will bring about its own destruction. The country will become more and more powerful if it manages good people with treacherous officials.
Maybe we can't understand the truth yet. In ancient dynasties, there were always more traitors and fewer loyal subjects, and traitors had more rights than loyal subjects. This is the rule of the feudal dynasty.
Look at the next sentence, the people are weak and the country is strong, then the national affairs of Tao are weak, the people are weak and the country is strong, and the people are strong.
Therefore, there is only one way to truly govern the country, and the weak people must find ways to make them weaker and weaker. Many people don't know what a weak person really is.
So there is "people, shame is precious, weakness is loyal to officials, and poverty is rewarded." Who are there? The more you insult him, the more you value power. The more you make him weak, the more he respects officials. The more you make him poor, the more he values the return.
Therefore, Shang Yang believes that a truly powerful organizational structure should be like this: the rulers are ruthless and use special laws, and then the treacherous court official takes power, and the treacherous court official will bend the law, so the people will be oppressed and the people will become weaker and weaker when they are oppressed.
However, there are two points to note. Such a deteriorating social situation will certainly arouse people's resistance.
So the first point is to make people weaker and weaker. How can we make them weaker and weaker?
It is nothing more than depriving them of what they deserve, or letting them get less and less, so that they naturally cannot grow, and the country will become stronger and stronger.
Second, there must be no hope, and there must be rewards, so that they can fight back and get less rewards, so that they can fight for their heads.
So do you think Shang Yang's ending deserved it? But the most shocking thing is that this extremely interesting theory of three views actually helped Qin become the Qin Dynasty.
If you see this, it means that you still don't understand the thoughts of Shang Junshu.
Then we can look at the current situation of Qin at that time. In this political reform of Qin, it can be said that everyone is a loser except the emperor. Let's look at it one by one.
For nobles, the hereditary system was abolished, their original land was not recognized, and they began to judge by military merits, that is to say, whoever made more contributions on the battlefield was more likely to be rich or expensive.
Many people feel quite reasonable when they see this place. Isn't that fair? Yes, if you think this is fair, then you have become a slave to political reform.
The purpose of judging by military achievements is not to be fair, but to give the people a way to fight back, lest you lose the meaning of struggle too much.
If you don't believe me, let's look at people. For the people, Shang Yang's political reform can obtain land, but he can't leave after planting it. Must be planted all the time to pay taxes to the emperor.
Even the system of sitting together, the separation of father and son, all relatives scattered among the people, and the strict criminal law system have made the people miserable.
At that time, people could only do one thing in their lives. In peacetime, they work hard to farm and provide food for the country. It's okay to provide more, but it's torture to provide less. This led to the people's desire for war in the Qin dynasty, because the only way to get a title in the Qin dynasty was military service.
War was also the only rising space that Shang Yang left for the people at that time. Therefore, Qin's military strength is very strong, but the decision-making power of military merits and demerits has not been absorbed by later countries, because this is the bane.
In peacetime, the people have no room to rise, so the people of Qin are very eager for war. Even in the later period, every time social contradictions are fierce, they must be solved through war. They are eager for a war.
Let's finally sum up that in the book Shang Jun, people think that the power of Qin has gone through five steps.
The first step is called ignorance. First, unify our thinking.
The second step is to weaken the people, try to take what they deserve, or let them get less and less.
The third step is to call the exhausted people and let them continue to toss. For example, try to make the rich poor, and then make a few poor people rich, so that they only see poverty and wealth, of course, not necessarily in money, in the final analysis, it is to constantly toss them.
The fourth step is to humiliate the people and try to make them lose their self-esteem and live in fear all day long.
The last step is called poverty, which is also the pen of snacks. In addition to the money they want to live, they should also be deprived of the rest of the money in their hands, so that they have no ability and no ideas, so they can only accept their fate.
Therefore, poverty leads to short aspirations, which is the essence of feudalism.
Where do you think feudalism is harmful?
Personally, I think the book of Shang Jun is the first banned book in ancient times, and there is no one.
This book must not be circulated in feudal times, because every crossing will definitely lead to war.
Let's call it a day. See you next time.
(The content is unconfirmed, please watch it rationally or enjoy it as a story. )