Xianbei people are nomadic people of Altai language family in northern China. Its ethnic origin belongs to Donghu tribe, which rises in Daxing 'anling. China ancient nomadic people. Ancestors are a branch of Donghu people in Shang Dynasty. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it moved southward from Daxinganling area to Ximulun River basin. Once belonged to the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the Xiongnu moved westward, they had their own hometown. The 65,438+10,000 Xiongnu families who stayed in Mobei were merged into Xianbei, and their power gradually became stronger.
Xianbei people and Donghu people
Xianbei originated from other branches of Donghu people, which is the most talked about today. Donghu is an ancient nomadic people living in the north of China. Its name was first seen in Yi Zhou Shu Wang Hui Pian. In the mid-Warring States period, Donghu and Zhao, Yan and other countries frequently fought and plundered each other. According to historical records, Li Mu of the State of Zhao once "smashed more than 100,000 Huns, wiped out the enemy, broke the East Lake and descended the lake, so he fled". At the end of the Warring States Period, Donghu people plundered the State of Yan for many times. Yan Zhaowang was very upset and sent general Qin Kai (the grandfather of Qin Wuyang who stabbed the king of Qin with Jing Ke) to Donghu as a hostage, waiting for an opportunity to spy on military and geographical secrets. Qin Kai returned to China to offer suggestions, and Yan Zhaowang immediately made a crusade. As a result, he was defeated by Donghu. King Donghu fled north. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he continued to fight against the northern tiger tribe. However, the powerful Qin Jun did not break through the East Lake tribe, which lived on grass and was displaced from place to place. But ended the history of East Lake with Xiongnu, who rose with East Lake one after another. The peerless hero modu chanyu wiped out the unsuspecting Donghu with the plan of arrogant soldiers, so the Huns occupied the land, population and livestock of Donghu, dominated the north and despised the desert; And the rest of the Donghu people have escaped. History of the Later Han Dynasty, History of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Jin and Spring and Autumn Annals of Sixteen Kingdoms all say that Xianbei is the remnant of Donghu [12]. Historical books such as Shu Wei compiled by Jin Dynasty and Shu of Han Xu compiled by Sima Biao also mentioned the close relationship between Xianbei and Donghu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fu Qian said, "Donghu is the head of Wuhuan, followed by Xianbei. "If we combine with what he once said,' Mountain Glory builds Xianbei today', we can vaguely see the shadow of the connection between Mountain Glory or Donghu and Wuhuan and Xianbei. Zhu Xueyuan, a famous linguist living in the United States, put forward in his book The Origin of Northern Nationalities in China that "the name of a nation-Wuhuan is short for' Wuluohun', and the Mongolian pronunciation of' Shan' is' Wu Luo', and Wuhuan is Shanrong in the Spring and Autumn Period". This theory seems to confirm the above viewpoint, but the scholars of "Donghu-Xianbei" say that there are loopholes, but they can't help but mention that many classics mention "not relying on Xianbei Mountain, so the name is different" as the origin of Xianbei nationality's name. In other words, the title of "Xianbei" will only be the "factor" after "not relying on Xianbei Mountain"; However, historical data show that the name "Xianbei" existed long before the surrender of Xianbei Mountain, and scholars also denied that Xianbei originated from Donghu. To sum up, the records of "Xianbei" in pre-Qin ancient books have certain connections with the "Xianbei" ethnic group in later generations, and the origin of Xianbei ethnic group is not as abrupt as the mountain name.