For the sake of the long history of the empire, we should maintain a certain degree of freedom of speech, so as to have the effect of persuading the good. As far as I can see, it is the most subtle to advocate this theory by taking the morale in Zhu Bian's "Continuation" in the Northern Song Dynasty as an example, which is recorded as follows: the rise and fall of a whole body lies in vitality, and the rise and fall of the world lies in morale. Strong vitality makes the skins full of skins, and extended morale makes the court strong. Therefore, people who are good at keeping in good health will not lose their vitality, while those who are good at governing the country will not lose their fighting spirit. If you want to stay active, you must adjust your diet to help you, but if you have a sore throat, you should accept your diet. If you want to maintain high morale, you must prevent being trapped to achieve your goal. As for those on the road, you should enlighten them. Close to the body and away from everything, although the distance is different, there is no other way. Going back to burning books, how serious is the loss caused to ancient books? Today, it is difficult to make an exact judgment. Historical records? "Chronicle of Six Kingdoms" said, "Goodbye poets, hide more people." . Chong Wang, in general? "Book Interpretation" says: "Although Qin has no way, it does not burn philosophers, and scholars have their own books." These two records show that, at least in the Han Dynasty, the essence of ancient books-the philosophers of poetry and books-was preserved intact. On the other hand, since all the ancient books are kept in the palace, it is conceivable that as long as the state of Qin is immortal, these ancient books will be intact. However, many ancient books have disappeared without a trace and future generations will never see them again. This is especially thanks to our Mr Xiang Yu.
As we all know, Mr. Xiang Yu doesn't like reading and is violent by nature. After the Iraqi invasion of Xianyang, it first slaughtered the city, then ransacked women with money, and then went to a big fire, which burned Qin Gong for three months. The precious books of the empire were burned. Unfortunately, Tang Yu's three generations of legal system, the quips of ancient sages and sages only turned into a few joules of heat. Therefore, Liu Dakui wrote "Book Burning to Distinguish Fakes", pointing out rudely that book burning was not the crime of Reese, but the crime of Xiang Yu. As far as the book burning in Qin State is concerned, the actual loss caused by it may not be as serious as imagined. Hanshu? There are 677 kinds of works in Yiwenzhi, of which about 524 kinds, or 77%, no longer exist. This fact shows that in the centuries after the Han Dynasty, especially before the popularization of printing, the total loss caused by document destruction may even be greater than that caused by book burning in the Qin Dynasty. So it is conceivable that even without burning books, the remnants of the Zhou Dynasty handed down could not be much more than the actual number now.
Burn books to bury Confucianism, and future generations will hold bad comments. However, before echoing past criticisms, it is necessary for us to know all the details and practical consequences of burning books in detail. Praise someone for itching, curse someone for hurting. Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. If you smell the word "burning books" and don't delve into it, you will immediately get angry, swear and condemn angrily. I think it is inevitable to fuck too fast. First of all, from Reese's point of view, burning books has its logical inevitability. In Reese's last book, Chun Yuyue's request for enfeoffment was refuted only by "the matter of three generations, why?" ".Immediately, the flow of Chunyu Yuezhi was characterized as" learning from the past and not learning from the present, confusing people ". There are many people like Chun Yuyue. "As soon as people hear the command, they will discuss it with their own knowledge. When you enter, you don't mean it. When you leave, you can discuss it in the street. "What people learn from books. Therefore, banning books or even burning books is the proper meaning of uprooting weeds.
The ancients used bamboo slips and knives and pens to write books easily. Compared with today, hundreds of thousands of works are published every year, which is, in Schopenhauer's words, "rich in content, unique in viewpoint and indispensable". This also determines that the empire can't burn too many books, which are roughly as follows: First, historians are not journalists of Qin State, that is, Historical Records of Six Countries, because it satirizes Qin State a lot. Second, there are hundreds of languages for poetry and books. Poetry and songs, in particular, are simply weapons warehouses for people like Yue. Burning is equivalent to disarming, depending on how you call it. What needs special attention is that from Reese's letter, we can know that all the books of the empire at that time, including those explicitly burned, were completely preserved in the government. Zhu also said: Qin only taught the world to burn books, but his court still existed; For example, "Everything that was not in the hands of Dr. Ji Qin and Dr. Ji Qin was burned", then the Six Classics and so on, he still stayed, but there was no one in the world.
Regarding this move of the empire, Liu Dakui, an official of A Qing Dynasty, explained: "If this happens, it will be a fool, but it doesn't want to be a fool." In my opinion, the empire should make good use of these banned books for backup collection, not to destroy them all soon, but also to have a sense of responsibility and long-term consideration besides not wanting to be stupid. For example, as we all know, smallpox virus has been raging for centuries, killing tens of millions of people and bringing great and profound disasters to mankind. Nevertheless, human beings have not completely eliminated smallpox virus and let it disappear from the earth forever. On the contrary, they kept a small number of samples in two laboratories in Moscow and Atlanta for studying or meeting any unexpected needs.
As for the people, what will happen if they hide the banned books and refuse to hand them in? A: "Ordering not to burn in the next 30 days is a city." In other words, it will be punished for building the Great Wall and losing its border. In today's view, such consequences are undoubtedly serious, but in Qin's severe punishment, it is a light punishment, not severe. Moreover, such punishment is still on the premise that the collection of books is discovered by the government. If it is not discovered, it will naturally not be investigated. Thus, in the ban at that time, burning books was not the first priority. In the middle of the night, there are still unburned books on the earth. Reese and Ying Zheng also know very well how to burn books! Burning books is just a means. Let's see: those who dare to talk about poetry and books will abandon the market. The past is not the present, family.