1. liver function test (GPT GOT):
Only when liver cells are necrotic will Gott and GPT be released into the blood. Therefore, some people think that it is more appropriate to call it "liver inflammation index" than liver function index. However, the values of GOT and GPT are not related to the severity and prognosis of liver disease. Sometimes, in order to remove the virus, the immune system will cause necrosis of liver cells, and at this time, the values of GOT and GPT will rise, so it is not possible to judge whether there is something wrong with the liver only by GOT and GPT.
Hepatitis markers:
Only when liver cells are necrotic will Gott and GPT be released into the blood. Therefore, some people think that it is more appropriate to call it "liver inflammation index" than liver function index. However, the values of GOT and GPT are not related to the severity and prognosis of liver disease. Sometimes, in order to remove the virus, the immune system will cause necrosis of liver cells, and at this time, the values of GOT and GPT will rise, so it is not possible to judge whether there is something wrong with the liver only by GOT and GPT.
Hepatitis A virus markers:
* IgG-A anti-hav: It is mainly used to diagnose whether you have ever been infected with hepatitis A..
* IgM- hepatitis A virus antibody (IgM anti-HAV): it is mainly used to diagnose whether hepatitis A is being infected recently, and it is an indicator of the onset period of acute hepatitis A.
Hepatitis B virus markers:
* Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg): If it is positive, it means that there is hepatitis B virus in the body.
* Anti -HBs: If it is positive, it means that it has been infected with hepatitis B virus and has been cured, but the antibody will not be infected again.
* Hepatitis B virus E antigen (HBeAg): If it is positive, it means that the virus is highly contagious.
* Anti-HBc: If it is positive, it means that it has been infected or has hepatitis B virus in the body.
* IgM-B hepatitis virus core antibody (anti-HBc-IgM): It is now acute HBV hepatitis.
Hepatitis C virus markers:
* anti-HCV antibody: If it is positive, it means that there is hepatitis C virus in the body.
3. Abdominal ultrasound examination:
Although blood test can reflect the status of patients' liver function, it can not provide clear information for liver cirrhosis or liver cancer, especially for some patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, whose liver function test results are sometimes within the normal range and may be asymptomatic. Therefore, it is necessary to draw blood and cooperate with ultrasound examination.
1. Detection of fetal protein in blood: 1. In order to promote the repair of liver tissue in acute hepatitis, protein, such as fish, meat, milk, etc. You can take 1.5 to 2 times more than usual to avoid taking too much animal fat and cholesterol. In addition, you can eat more fruits to improve vitamin intake.
2. Patients with liver cirrhosis should take more protein in the early and middle stages, because the liver's function of synthesizing protein is insufficient during liver cirrhosis, so it is necessary to supplement foods rich in protein, such as meat and beans. However, once hepatic coma occurs at the end of liver cirrhosis, it is necessary to limit the amount of protein, so as not to produce too much ammonia and other toxins to worsen the condition, and at the same time, we should pay attention to limiting the intake of salt and water.
3. Patients with fatty liver should limit high-calorie foods. There are many reasons for fatty liver. If fatty liver is caused by obesity or hyperlipidemia, it is necessary to control the calorie intake of food every day and eat less foods rich in fat.
2. Healthy carriers and patients with chronic hepatitis should eat fresh and natural food on weekdays, and try to avoid processed food and pickled food, so as to avoid excessive chemicals stored in the liver and increase the burden on the liver. Ganoderma lucidum has obvious liver protection effect, and can be used as a liver protection drug to treat viral hepatitis and chemical liver injury such as alcohol or drug hepatitis. Its immunomodulatory effect is also beneficial to the treatment of viral hepatitis. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids are important effective components for protecting liver.
Therapeutic characteristics of ganoderma lucidum in protecting liver
Although Ganoderma lucidum has no obvious anti-hepatitis virus effect, it has immunomodulatory and liver-protecting effects, and can be used as a liver-protecting and immunomodulatory drug to treat viral hepatitis.
In 1970s, China began to treat viral hepatitis with Ganoderma lucidum preparation. According to various reports, the total effective rate is 73. 1% ~ 97.0%, and the remarkable effective rate (including clinical cure rate) is 44.0% ~ 76.5%. Its curative effect is manifested as fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, pain in liver area and other subjective symptoms. Serum alanine aminotransferase and other liver function tests returned to normal or decreased. The swollen liver and spleen returned to normal or shrank to varying degrees. Generally speaking, the curative effect on acute hepatitis is better than that on chronic or persistent hepatitis.
Clinically, the combination of Ganoderma lucidum and some drugs that can damage the liver can avoid or alleviate the liver injury caused by drugs and protect the liver.
The protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum on liver is also related to its "nourishing liver qi" and "benefiting spleen qi" discussed in ancient Chinese medicine books. Following the precautions and principles of liver disease diet has a positive role in promoting the rehabilitation of liver disease.
First, dietary precautions for liver disease
(1) Advocate the combination of vegetarianism, learn from each other's strong points, and vegetarianism is mostly fruits and vegetables, which belongs to alkaline food; Meat is meat, eggs and fish, which often makes the blood acidic. In order to keep the PH value of human blood at 7.4, meat and vegetables must be mixed together to keep the pH value in balance. Excessive meat, vascular fat deposition, hardening and brittleness, easy to suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, fatty liver; Vegetarian diet can remove cholesterol deposits on blood vessel walls. The nutritional value of meat food and vegetarian food is different. The biggest feature of meat food is that it contains essential amino acids and high-quality protein. Protein, a vegetarian plant, contains incomplete essential amino acids except soybeans and bean products, and the quality of protein is also poor. In addition, animal food contains more calcium and phosphorus than plant food, which is easily absorbed by human body. Fish, liver and eggs contain vitamins A and D that are lacking in vegetarian food. However, vitamin C and carotene in vegetarian diet are often lacking, while crude fiber in vegetarian diet is very rich, which can promote intestinal peristalsis. Therefore, eating only vegetarian food can easily cause habitual constipation. It can be seen that both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Hepatitis patients should pay more attention to the combination of meat and vegetables, learn from each other's strengths and help them recover.
⑵ Diet should not be too full. Don't overeat. The liver is an important organ for metabolism and detoxification. After liver disease, liver cells need nutrition and high-quality food to provide heat energy, but the nutrition must be balanced. Overeating often leads to indigestion, which inevitably increases the burden of digestive organs and tissues such as stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and pancreas, and also increases the physiological load of the brain to control the gastrointestinal nervous system and appetite center. Patients with liver disease who have a full meal and habitual constipation are more likely to induce early cirrhosis. Because excess food becomes feces and stays in the intestine for a long time, harmful substances are produced and accumulated, and cannot be excreted in time. After being reabsorbed by the large intestine, it often exceeds the detoxification ability of the liver, prompting the liver to change from quantitative to qualitative and then harden. Excessive poisons can also penetrate the blood-brain barrier and damage the central nervous system. When the liver function is poor, it becomes one of the important factors to promote hepatic coma and hepatocerebral syndrome.
(3) Eat less greasy fried products According to the modern medical point of view, hepatitis patients eat more fatty foods such as greasy fried foods, which can weaken digestive function and easily lead to malabsorption and fatty diarrhea; In addition, when excess fat is deposited in the liver, fatty liver will be formed, which will lead to persistent liver dysfunction. Eating greasy fried products as usual leads to a sharp increase in weight, obesity and many symptoms of qi deficiency and blood stasis; In addition, frying the broken fatty chain will produce carcinogenic chemicals, which will lead to cirrhosis and even transition to cancer. Therefore, the diet of hepatitis patients should be mainly plant food or light food, supplemented by animal food, and the source of heat energy is still mainly food that conforms to the characteristics of China people. Don't be greasy and fleshy for dinner, and eat less peanuts or high-protein hot pot food.
Second, the principle of liver disease diet:
1. Control calorie intake so as to oxidize and consume fat in liver cells. Obese people should gradually lose weight and reduce their weight to the standard weight range. 2. Limit the intake of fat and carbohydrates, and the intake of edible sugar should not be too much. 3. A high-protein diet can protect liver cells and promote their repair and regeneration. 4. Ensure the supply of fresh vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, to meet the human body's demand for vitamins. 5. Limit salt, 6 grams per day is appropriate. 6. Drink plenty of water to promote metabolism and excretion of metabolic waste. 7. Foods rich in methionine, such as millet, sesame and spinach, can promote the synthesis of phospholipids in the body and assist the transformation of fat in liver cells. 8. Avoid spicy food.
In short, patients with liver disease should follow the principle of personalized diet according to their own priorities. For example, patients with liver cirrhosis mainly eat soft, cool and digestible foods, such as steamed bread, noodles, noodles, egg soup, ham sausage and so on. So as to avoid eating hard and overheated food, avoid getting angry and constipation, and avoid eating fried food, hard food (such as pancakes and radishes) and barbed food (such as carp, crucian carp and grass carp), because barbed food is likely to scratch patients' varicose veins. Patients with liver cirrhosis should not eat a lot of high-protein food in a short time, so as to avoid a sharp rise in blood ammonia concentration and cause liver coma. In addition to the above matters, patients with esophageal or gastric varices should avoid eating hard, crude fiber, fried, spicy and other foods that are difficult to digest, and should not eat too fast. Keep the stool unobstructed, don't use too much force to prevent varicose veins from bleeding. Patients with advanced cirrhosis should also pay attention to controlling high-protein diet to prevent hepatic encephalopathy.