Yelang ancient country
Xinhuang, Gu Yelang Copper Peacock
The name of a county in Huaihua City, Hunan Province. Yelang was famous in ancient county, and it was once named Yelang County in xinhuang dong autonomous county today. Corridor, that is, the passage in and out, refers to Xinhuang, which has always been the only way for the Central Plains to enter and exit the southwest. Cradle, which means the birthplace of things, refers to exploring the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The purpose of writing this article is to follow the footsteps of ancient Yelang people, cross the Xinhuang Corridor, enter and leave the southwest of the middle, upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and explore the genes of ancient civilization in China from point to surface, from near to far.
First, explore the source of civilization.
At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, most bamboo kings rose in Chishui (now Beipanjiang, Guizhou) and stood on their own feet. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (before 135), Liang Wudi sent Tang Meng to Yelang to win over Duotong, and in the fourth to fifth year of Yuanguang (before 13 1 ~ before 130), several counties were set up in his place, and he was a captain in the south. That's when Han's governance of Southwest Yi began. In the sixth year of Yuanguang, Bill Han had convenient transportation and set up a post station in the southwest Yi area. In the same year, Sima Xiangru, etc. Ding Yuan five years (former 1 12), Yelang.
Because Yelang and others did not listen to his orders, Emperor Wu conquered South Vietnam. The following year, he sent troops to pacify most of the southwest barbarians, and set up more than ten counties, such as Zhangkejun (now in Guanling, Guizhou) and Yelang, on his own land. At the same time, he temporarily stored the name of Yelang Kingdom, granted the Yelang King a royal title, and all tribal chiefs were also conferred titles. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Yelang Wang Xing, Hook Town Yu Wang and Louwo Hou Yu fought in successive years. In the second year of peace (the first twenty-seven years), Chen Li, the satrap of Zhang Ke, killed Yelang Wang Xing and the Yelang Kingdom was destroyed. Yelang founded the country for three or four hundred years. There are different opinions about the clans of the people who founded Yelang State, including the ancestors of Yi, Miao, Gelao and Buyi. Yi Descent, a classic of Guizhou ancient Yi language passed down from generation to generation, records that "Yi people have children, and most of them have been brought up together", "Most of them have the same rights, and most of them have the same heavenly palace masters", and "Mangosteen is the ancestor". Legend has it that Duotong is also called Jin Zhu Gong, which shows that the Yi people regard Duotong as their ancestors. It is also reported that there are more than 40 kinds of carving symbols on Han Dynasty pottery unearthed in Weining County, of which 28 kinds are usually considered as ancient Yi language. Sure enough, the ancestors of the Yi people lived in western Guizhou in the Han Dynasty, with a high culture, and Yelang State was founded by the Yi people. Yi Yelang and its surrounding tribes have traded with Qin, Chu and South Vietnam since the Warring States Period. After the Western Han Dynasty became a Han county, they were more and more influenced by China culture. Iron and steel products, handicrafts, production tools and irrigation technology in the Central Plains were soon introduced into Yelang area. Many remains of Han tombs excavated by archaeologists in this area in recent years are sufficient proof. However, these relics also prove that some indigenous customs and cultural relics have also been left behind.
Second, Yelang
Yelang Yelang
Xinhuang was once called Yelang County, and the ancient Yelang culture has distinct regional characteristics. Where is the ancient Yelang Kingdom? Is yelang arrogant? Where is Yelang County? In recent years, where Gu Yelang lived, people are exploring, discussing and arguing. Historical records, archaeological remains and Yelang culture handed down from generation to generation are all answering these eternal questions. Xinhuang County, located in the western border of Hunan Province, was once Yelang County. Someone asked, is it true? The answer is yes. Xinhuang has a long history. The Spring and Autumn Period belongs to the middle of Chu, the Qin Dynasty belongs to the middle of Guizhou and the Han Dynasty belongs to Yelang. Yelang County was established in the Tang Dynasty, and Huangxian County was established from the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (AD 18 17), Huangzhou Zhili Guild Hall was established. In the second year of the Republic of China (AD 19 13), Huangxian County was established in the waste hall. Xinhuang dong autonomous county was founded on 1956. The organizational evolution of Xinhuang is recorded in many local chronicles. The Chronicle of Huangzhoutang compiled by Daoguang in the five years of Qing Dynasty is prefaced by "Huangzhou, the ancient Yelang country". Its organizational evolution volume also contains: Huangzhou ancient county in central Guizhou, upstream of Chu, Yuanbeimen, belonging to Yelang country in Han Dynasty. ..... In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 634), Yelang, langxi and Siwei counties were placed in Wuzhou and belonged to Yelang. Wu Zetian naturally granted the following year (AD 69 1 year), and Wu Zhou was changed to zhou yuan. Some analysts believe that Yelang set up Weixi and Weixi County ruled in today's old imperial city. Yuanhe County Records: "Yelang County, changed to Emei Mountain in the first year of Tianbao". "Jiaqing Unification Records": "Yelang County was in the Tang Dynasty, then changed to Eshan, and the Five Dynasties were pretty". "Tongzhi Zhijiang County Records": "Water will bypass the cool house, disperse the village, and yelang."
It is the hometown of Yelang. "Yuanzhou County Records": "The ancient house (now under the jurisdiction of Zhijiang County) is 240 miles long, with caves and deep mountains and rivers, bordering Guizhou and barbarians ... Yelang ancient county was immediately ruled by the ancient country. "Ci Yuan published by Commercial Press 1986 in March and Ci Hai published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House 1980 in August respectively said to Yelang County:" Tang Zhenguan was established five years ago and now belongs to xinhuang dong autonomous county, Hunan Province. The Five Dynasties are out of date. Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty was restored in two years, and Xuanhe was abolished in two years. "Five years of Tang Zhenguan (AD 63 1). Governance is located in the southwest of Lijiang, Hunan. " There are three ancient counties in history called Yelang, located in the southwest of Shiqian County, Guizhou Province, which was established in the fourth year of Tang Wude and abolished in the first year of Zhenguan. Second, it was abandoned in today's Guanling County, Guizhou Province, after Liang Dabao in the Southern Dynasties; Third, after Liang Dabao in Han Dynasty and Southern Dynasties, xuanwei county was abolished. Yelang is an ancient name in the southwest of Han Dynasty. The central position of Yelang is still inconclusive, and there are great differences in academic understanding. According to "Guizhou Culture" (Huang Zhu) published by Liaoning Education Press1June, 1998, "During the Warring States Period, Guizhou and Guizhou were in the position of Yelang country except central Chu and central Qin." An Introduction to Yelang Culture (edited by Tang and Liu Weiguo) published by Sichuan People's Publishing House and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty show that Yelang in the Warring States Period was "connected with toes in the east, Yunnan in the west and Yunnan in the north". "Judging from ancient literature records, local chronicles and archaeological data after liberation, most scholars in the history circle believe that the center of Yelang should be in the west or southwest of Guizhou today." Yelang's heyday includes today's Guizhou Province, Xinhuang in Hunan in the east, Yulin and Nandan in Guangxi in the south, Qujing and Lvliang in Yunnan in the west and southern Sichuan in the north. Sima Qian's Historical Records? "Biography of Southwest Yi" said: "What is the monarch of Southwest Yi, and Yelang is the biggest." During the pacification period of Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty (28-25 BC), Yelang Wang Xing and his pro-party rebellion were pacified, and the ancient Yelang kingdom came to an end. In the first year of Yuanshou (BC 122), Yu and Bai Shichang, envoys of the Han Dynasty, were ordered to go to Yunnan to explore the road and poison, and returned to Yelang. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" contains: "The king of Yunnan and the envoys of the Han Dynasty said,' Who was bigger in the Han Dynasty?' And Yelang Hou also thought he was the king of the country and didn't know Handa. "The king of Yunnan is arrogant, and Prince Yelang is also arrogant. This is a historical fact. But later it was called "arrogance" because of its arrogance. With the change of the ancient Yelang, many literati and poets in history have left their eternal farewell songs because of Yelang. Li, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the immortal sentence "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao from the left" when he was demoted to Longbiao (now Qianyang) in Wang Changling: "Flowers are blooming in the dead, and I heard that Longbiao crossed the five streams. I'm worried about the bright moon. I'll follow you until Yelangxi. "The ancient Yelang, with beautiful scenery and misty clouds, has been passed down from generation to generation, and the legacy still exists, making Xinhuang the most intact area of rice culture, drum tower culture and witchcraft culture in China today, with unique ethnic customs and obvious regional and ethnic characteristics.