Japan's cabinet evolved on the basis of the bureaucratic central government after the Meiji Restoration. 1885 12.22 the first generation of prime minister ITO hirobumi formed the first cabinet based on the powers of the cabinet. Four years later, after the promulgation of the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire, Article 55 stipulated that the Minister of State assisted Emperor Bi. However, there are no terms such as "Prime Minister of the Cabinet" and "Cabinet" in the constitutional text. At that time, the cabinet operated according to the rules of the cabinet official system, but in fact its functions and powers were not clear. The Prime Minister has no power to appoint or dismiss cabinet ministers. Because the appointment and removal of cabinet ministers is in the hands of the emperor, he can only resign without the consent of the cabinet.
Constitutional period
After the war, the "imperial cabinet system" of the emperor's centralized system was abolished and changed to "government cabinet system" According to the Japanese Constitution, the executive power of the country belongs to the Cabinet. Cabinet is the main body of executive power, and all organs with administrative functions must be under the unified control of cabinet. The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister and other ministers of state, but all cabinet members must be civilians, not military attaché s on active duty. The Prime Minister of the Cabinet, also known as the Prime Minister, is the highest executive head, nominated by the National Assembly, elected by members of the National Assembly and appointed by the Emperor. All other ministers of state in the Cabinet are appointed (or removed) by the Prime Minister, but more than 65,438+0/2 of them must be elected from the members of Parliament.
Since the war, most of the successive cabinets have been composed of political parties (that is, ruling parties) that hold the majority of seats in the National Assembly. The leader (president) of the party has become a natural candidate for the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, and most of its cabinet members are appointed from the members of the National Assembly (mainly members of the House of Representatives) to which the ruling party belongs.
The executive power of the Japanese cabinet does not belong to individuals, but to a unified cabinet.
The main task of the Cabinet Office is to assist the Prime Minister, assist the work of the Cabinet, connect the preceding with the following, and try matters submitted to the Cabinet for decision-making.
In addition to general administrative affairs, the cabinet mainly exercises the following functions and powers: it is responsible for implementing laws and the prime minister's state affairs; Dealing with foreign relations; Conclude a treaty; Responsible for the affairs of relevant officials; Prepare the budget; To formulate decrees to implement the Constitution and laws; To decide on amnesty, pardon, commutation, exemption from punishment and restoration of rights. In addition, the cabinet also has the right to make suggestions and admit the relevant state affairs of the emperor; Have the right to suggest that the emperor dissolve the House of Representatives and convene the National Assembly; Decided to convene an interim session of Congress and an emergency session of the Senate. The Cabinet is also responsible for nominating the President of the Supreme Court and appointing judges at all levels, and reporting to the National Assembly on the state financial revenue and expenditure.
The Cabinet exercises executive power and is collectively responsible to the National Assembly. When the House of Representatives passes motion of no confidence or rejects the motion of confidence, and the House of Representatives is not dissolved within 10 days thereafter, the Cabinet must resign at any time. When Congress is convened for the first time after the election of the House of Representatives, the former cabinet must also resign, and then the Congress will re-elect the cabinet prime minister and form a new cabinet. No. Japanese Prime Minister/KOOC-0/ruling party/KOOC-0/ITO Cabinet/KOOC-0/885/KOOC-0/888 February 22-65438+April 30, Ito Bowen 2 Kuroda Cabinet 65438+April 30, 0888-/KOOC-0/8888. Rishanxian Cabinet/KOOC-0/889 6589 The Second Ito Cabinet/KOOC-0/892 August 8-/KOOC-0/896 September/KOOC-0/8 Ito Bowen 6 The Second Matsushita Cabinet/KOOC-0/896 September/KOOC-0/8-/KOOC +089865438+1October12-1June 30th, 898 Ito Bowen 8 1 OTA Cabinet 65438+June 30th, 0898-189865438+/KL 5438+065438+1October 8th-1900 65438+1October 9th Yamagata Aritomo 10 No.4 Ito Cabinet 1900 65438+ 10. 438+0 Guangxi 1 Cabinet1901June 2-1906 65438+1October 7, Kyotaro 12 Xiweng Temple1900. Friendship Association of Constitutionalism/KOOC-0/3 The Second Keitaro Friendship Association of Constitutionalism/KOOC-0/908 July/KOOC-0/4-65438+09/KOOC-0/65438 August 30+04 The Second Cabinet of saionji/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/64. 0912 1 February 21Saionji Kinmochi Constitutional Friendship Association Taisho PeriodNo. Cabinet Term Prime Minister Minister Ruling Party 15 Third Guangxi Cabinet1912/February 2/kloc-0. Kyotaro 16 The 1st Yamamoto Cabinet 1 913 February 20th-19 14 April 16 Yamamoto Gonnohyō e Constitutional Friendship Association 17 The 2nd Great Wall Cabinet. 191610 September 9th Daban Zhongxin Xianyou Association 18 Sige191610/0 October 9th-/kloc. September 29th-192 1 year 1 year 1 year 65438+3 years Gao Qiao counter 1 92 1 year/year 60. 2 1 Cabinet of Kato Tomosaburo1922 June12-1923 September 2 nd Kato Tomosaburo Constitutional Friendship Association 22nd Yamamoto Cabinet1923 September 2-1924 June 65438+/KLOC. Kloc-0/924 65438+1October 7-1924 June 65438 Establish a Constitutional Friendship Association? Innovation Council No.25 No.65438 +0 Ruojun Cabinet1926 65438+1October 30-1927 April 20, 2007 Wakatsuki Reijiro Constitutional Council, the first cabinet term of the Showa period, the prime minister, the ruling party, the 26 Tanaka Yiyi Cabinet+April 20 0927-/KLOC-0. On July 2, 2008, Yoshiki Tanaka established the Constitutional Friendship Association. Hamaguchi Cabinet 65438+July 2, 0929-1931April 14, Yukio Hamaguchi established the Constitutional Friendship Association for the second time. 65438+February 65438+March 2008 Wakatsuki Reijiro Constitutional Friendship Association 29 Keng Pavilion/KOOC-0/93/KOOC-0/65438+February/KOOC-0/3-/KOOC-0/932 May 26 Inukai Tsuyoshi Constitutional Friendship Association 30 Saito Pavilion/KOOC-0/0. 4. On July 8th, Yukio Saito 3 1 Okada Cabinet 65438+July 8th, 0934-65438+March 9th, 0936; Keisuke Okada 32, Hirota Cabinet 65438+March 9th, 0936-65438+February 2nd, 0937; Hirota Hiroshi 33 Cabinet/KLOC-. On June 4th, 0937, Hayashi Shiro 34,No. 1 Guards Cabinet 65438+June 4th, 0937-1939 65438+1October 5th, Fumimaro Konoe 35 Hiranuma Cabinet1939 65438. 438+August 30, 0939-65438+1October 65438+June 6, the cabinet within 37 meters of Nobuyuki Abe+1October 65438+/kloc-0. 38+0941July 18 Fumimaro Konoe 39 Third Escort Cabinet1941July1August/July 6541June/kloc-0. 00 1 October18-1July 22, 944 tojo hideki Dazhengyi Praise Association 4 1 Xiaoji Cabinet1July 22, 944-1April 7, 945 Xiao Zhi Guozhao Dazhengyi Praise Association. 7. Kantar Japan Liberal Party 45 1 Yoshida Cabinet1May 22, 946-1May 24, 947 Ji Tianmao Japan Liberal Party? The Constitution of Japan, the Japanese Progressive Party, came into effect on May 3, 1947 at the time of the 1 Yoshida Cabinet. No. Cabinet Term Prime Minister Prime Minister's Ruling Party 46 Hillside Cabinet1947 May 24th-1948 March 10 Katayama Tetsu Japanese Socialist Party? Democratic Party? The National Cooperation Party 47 Green Field Cabinet1948 March10-1948 June 15 Hitoshi Ashida Democratic Party? Japanese Socialist Party? The National Cooperation Party 48, the Second Yoshida Cabinet 1948, 15 10/6 Ji Tianmao Democratic Liberal Party 49, and the Third Yoshida Cabinet1949 February/KLOC. Democratic Party and Liberal Party -65438+ 10th Cabinet reshuffle 65438+June 28th 0950-65438+July 4th 09565438- 2nd Cabinet reshuffle19565438+July 4th 09565438+. 165438+February 26th-1952 65438+1October 30th 50 The 4th Yoshida Cabinet1952 65438+1October 30th. 21-19541210 Jitianmao Liberal Party
Non-Party Cooperation: Improving the 52nd 1 Hatoyama Cabinet 19541210-1955 March19, Ichiro Hatoyama, the 53rd1Democratic Party of Japan. 38+065438+1October 22nd, Ichiro Hatoyama, Third Cabinet of the Democratic Party of Japan 54195565438+1October 22nd-19565438+February 23rd, Ichiro Hatoyama, Shiqiao Cabinet of LDP 551956 65438+438+0957 February 25th, Cabinet No.65438 of LDP 56 in Shiqiao Zhanshan 8+02 57 Eran Cabinet1958 June/2-1959 June/KLOC. 1 960 July19-1960 65438+February 8, the second Ikeda Cabinet of the Liberal Democratic Party of Ikeda Hayato1960 65438+February 8-196/July. Kloc-0/8-6543808-196365438+February 9th 60 The Third Ikeda Cabinet196365438+February 9th-1July 964 18 Ikeda Hayato Liberal Democratic Party-Cabinet reshuffle/. +065438+1October 9th 6 1 Japanese Sato Cabinet1964 65438+1October 9th-65438+June 3rd 0965 Liberal Democratic Party of Eisaku Satō-1 Japanese Cabinet Reorganization/KLOC- Second Cabinet reshuffle1966 August1-1966 February 3-Third Cabinet reshuffle1966 February 3-1967 February 3. 07-1 967165438+1October 25th, the Liberal Democratic Party of Chiang Kai-cong-the first cabinet reshuffle1967165438+1October. 5438+065438+1October 30th-1970 65438+1October 14 63 Third Sato Cabinet1970 65438+1October. July 9, 2008-65438+July 7, 0972, 1 day tanaka kakuei Cabinet 65438+July 7, 0972-65438+February 22, tanaka kakuei Liberal Democratic Party 1972, 65438+February 22, tanaka kakuei Cabinet 65438-65438. October 25th+065438+1October1-197465438+February 9th, 66 Miki Cabinet197465438+February 9th -65438+9. -1976 65438+February 24th 67 Fukuda Takeo Cabinet1976 65438+February 24th-1977165438+1October 28th Fukuda Takeo Liberal Democratic Party-Cabinet reshuffle/kloc. 8+0978 65438+February 7th 68 1 Japanese Taiping Cabinet1978 65438+February 7th-1979165438+1October 9th Zheng Fang Taiping Liberal Democratic Party 69/.
Non-Party Cooperation: 70-year-old Suzuki Cabinet of the New Freedom Club1980 July17-198 11ZNKOSH LDP-Cabinet Reorganization198/KLOC-. +0982165438+1October 27th 7 1 Nakasone Yasuhiro cabinet1982 65438+1October 27th-1983 65438+February 27th. +February 27th-1 984165438+10/Nakasone Yasuhiro liberal democratic party? New Freedom Club -65438+ 10th Cabinet Reorganization 1984 65438+ 10/985 65438+February 28th-2nd Cabinet Reorganization1985/kloc-. 1986 July 22nd-1987165438+1October 6th, Nakasone Yasuhiro's Liberal Democratic Party 74th Cabinet1987165438+1October. 438+0988 65438+February 27-65438+June 3, 0989 Will it be a cabinet?
Term of office: Prime Minister, Minister, ruling party, Cabinet of 75 Uno, 1 June 3, 989-1August 989, Liberal Democratic Party of süsuke Uno, Cabinet of 76th1Session, Ministry of the Sea,1August 989-/KLOC. The main party 77, the second cabinet of Haibei, 65438+February 28, 0990-1 990 65438+February 29, Junshu of Haibei, Liberal Democratic Party-Cabinet reshuffle1990 65438+February 291. 199 1 year165438+10.5199265438+February 12 Gong Ze Yi Xi liberal democratic party-cabinet reshuffle19926558. Japanese Socialist Party? New party?
Komeito party? New Party Pioneer? Democratic socialist party?
Social and democratic integration? Democratic Reform Association (Senate) 80 Haneda Cabinet1April 28, 994-1June 30, 994 Haneda Shinsei Party? Japan's new party? Democratic socialist party? liberal party
Komeito party? Social Democratic Union? Reform conference
Non-Party Cooperation: Pioneer of the New Party? New Party Future 8 1 Murayama Cabinet1June 30, 994-1August 8, 995 Tomiichi Murayama Japanese Socialist Party? Liberal Democrats? New party pioneer
Non-Party Cooperation: Freedom Association-Cabinet Reorganization1August 8, 995-19961August 82 1 Hashimoto Cabinet1996/KLOC-0. Japanese Socialist Party/Social Democratic Party
New party pioneer
Cabinet for non-party cooperation: Freedom Association 83 Second Hashimoto Cabinet1996165438+10 7-65438+September 0997 1 1 Ryutaro Hashimoto Liberal Democratic Party.
Non-Party Cooperation Cabinet: Social Democratic Party? Vanguard of the New Party-Cabinet Reorganization1997 September11-KLOC-0/998 July 30, Liberal Democratic Party
Non-Party Cooperation Cabinet: Social Democratic Party? Vanguard of the New Party (up to/KOOC-0/June 1998) 84 Cabinet of Keizo Obuchi/KOOC-0/July 30, 998/KOOC-0/99965438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/4 Liberal Democratic Party of Obuchi-/KOOC-0/. Liberal Party-Second Cabinet Reorganization1999120001October 5-April 5 Liberal Democratic Party? Liberal Party? Cooperation outside the Cabinet of Komeito Party;
Reform Association 85 1 Mori Cabinet April 5, 2000-July 4, 2000 Mori Yoshiro Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito party? Conservative Party's Cooperation Outside the Cabinet;
The Second Cabinet of the Reform Society 86 July 4, 2000-June 5, 2000+February 5, 2000 Mori Yoshiro Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito party? Conservative Party-Cabinet reshuffle (before the reorganization of the central provincial offices) 2000 65438+February 5-2006 5438+0 65438+1October 6-Cabinet reshuffle (after the reorganization of the central provincial offices) 2006 5438+0 65438+1October 6-2000. Komeito party? Conservative Party-1 Cabinet reshuffle September 30, 2002-September 22, 2003 Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito party? Conservative Party/Conservative New Party-Second Cabinet Reorganization 22 September 2003 -2003 165438+ 10/9 Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito party? Conservative New Party 88 Second Koizumi Cabinet 2003165438+1October19-September 27, 2004 Junichiro Koizumi Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito Party-Cabinet Reorganization September 27th, 2004-September 2nd 1, September 2nd1-June 20051Junichiro Koizumi's Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito Party-Cabinet Reorganization June 5438+1October 31-September 26, 2006 The 90th Abe Cabinet September 26, 2006-August 27, 2007 Abe Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito Party-Cabinet Reorganization August 27, 2007-September 26, 2007 9 1 Yasuo Fukuda Cabinet September 26, 2007-August 2, 2008 Yasuo Fukuda Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito Party-Cabinet Reorganization August 2, 2008-September 24, 2008 92 Aso Cabinet September 24, 2008-September 2009 16 Aso Liberal Democratic Party? Komeito party
Cabinet of non-party cooperation: Cabinet of Yukio Hatoyama in Reform Society 93 September 200916-2065438+Yukio Hatoyama Democratic Party on June 8, 2000? Social Democratic Party (as of May 20 10)?
National new party
Cooperation outside the Party Pavilion: New Party Building the Nation? New Party Dida 94 Naoto Kan Cabinet 20 10 June 8-2011September 2 Naoto Kan Democratic Party? National new party
Non-Party Cooperation Cabinet: New Party Libang, New Party Dida 95 Noda Yoshihiko Cabinet 201September 2-2012/February 2 6 Noda Yoshihiko Democratic Party 96 Second Abe Cabinet 2012/February 26. Komeito party