The early Song Dynasty was a period when Lingci continued to develop and its long tune flourished. Yan, Ou and other ci writers mainly inherited the style of ci in the Southern Tang Dynasty, while Liu Zongyuan focused on creating long tunes, which expanded the capacity of ci.
The late Northern Song Dynasty was a period of elegance of Ci. Liu Yong pushed Ci to the market, which caused dissatisfaction among literati. Su Shi developed the theme and content, "taking poetry as a word"; Zhou Bangyan, on the other hand, mainly sought elegance in artistic techniques and formed two schools of ci.
With the change of ci style in the Southern Song Dynasty, patriots felt the pain of national subjugation, expressed their patriotic thoughts and life experiences with ci, and tended to Su Shi all the way. When Xin Qiji arrived, the realm of Ci was greatly expanded, which had a great influence, formed a group of new poets and established the bold school.