Read a book and burn a book to set up Confucianism.
The incident of burning books and burying Confucianism has far-reaching influence in history. As long as people mention burning books to bury Confucianism, they will gnash their teeth at Qin Shihuang and wish to go back to the past to stop his atrocities.
The incident of burning books and burying Confucian scholars really lost some China ancient literary classics, made many academic problems a mystery, and hindered our in-depth study of China ancient culture and classic ancient books.
We should also realize that the incident of burning books and burying Confucianism is essentially a unified ideological movement initiated by the rulers. No matter which dynasty or country you are the ruler of, if you want to achieve national reunification, you must be unified culturally, economically and politically, especially when the Qin Dynasty was just established and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period just ended. The ideological field is too chaotic and a hundred schools of thought contend, which makes it difficult for the ruling people and the ruling class in the Qin Dynasty to form consistent values. Therefore, Qin Shihuang agreed that Lisi's plan to burn books and bury Confucianism was also in line with the development at that time. Hu Shi once said that ancient thinkers, no matter which school, tended to exclude other schools. Moreover, the book burning incident did not burn all the Confucian ancient books, but kept a large part. This incident is not cruel compared with the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty.
From the book burning incident, we can also see that Qin Shihuang attached importance to historiography. Qin Shihuang attached great importance to the influence of history books on society and people's thoughts. Why did Qin Shihuang agree to "burning books" proposed by Reese at that time? It is because Qin Shihuang has long seen the great influence of classical historiography on society and people, and realized that in order to make the Qin Dynasty develop and prosper for a long time, it is necessary to control the people ideologically and prevent people with the idea of rejuvenating the country from rebelling. Therefore, we should treat history correctly, rather than understanding and evaluating it unilaterally.
In a word, the incident of burning books and burying Confucianism in the Qin Dynasty was not caused by Qin Shihuang's own dictatorship, but a high-handed policy adopted by feudal rulers for cultural unity. It's just that each leader has different influences on history under different social backgrounds, ways and nature. It can be seen that the development of a dynasty should not only make the economy, politics and military develop, but also make people's thoughts free and develop.
The people are water, the imperial court is a ship, and water can carry a boat and overturn it. Rulers are tolerant and diligent in governing the country, and the people will support and admire you; On the contrary, the people will overthrow you sooner or later.
This incident fully shows that the rulers should implement benevolent policies and love the people, and those who win the hearts of the people will win the world. This sentence is not unreasonable!
The second chapter is the feeling of burning books and sorrowful Confucianism after reading.
Burning books and burying Confucianism has always been regarded as the atrocities of the Qin Dynasty, which burned a large number of books and destroyed the achievements left by Chinese civilization. After reading "The Empire of Daqin", I have a new view on this event.
It is said that after the King of Qin destroyed the six countries and unified China, the old aristocratic forces of the six countries attempted to restore it. After unifying the world, the king of Qin recruited some doctors who made the past serve the present to enter the DPRK to discuss with the emperor. The old nobles of the six countries colluded with the doctor to make him directly remonstrate with the king of Qin to terminate the county system, follow the example of Xia, Shang and Zhou, and push the fiefs to build princes. The king of Qin was furious. In order to publicize the legal system, he began to burn books. Books such as poetry books will be burned. Confucius, a descendant of Confucius, met the king of Qin and was scolded by him. Kong Fu was very flustered and ran away. The doctor's palace of the king of Qin attracted more than 1000 scholars after burning books. Counting, there are more than 600 Confucian scholars, and the rest are alchemists, astrologers and astrologers!
The king of Qin sent Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng to look for the elixir of life, but because he promised the task that the king of Qin could not complete, he encouraged the scholars to flee in the doctor's palace. When they left the city, the doctor's palace was in chaos. The king of Qin was very angry about this. After Cui Fu, an old alchemist, told Ying Zheng that Lu Sheng was a Confucian scholar, the King of Qin investigated the relationship between the doctor and Lu Sheng, resulting in more than 460 Confucian scholars being jailed.
The king of Qin burned books to bury Confucianism, and most Confucian scholars fled into the cave. The army of the king of Qin went into the cave again and continued to burn books. The Confucian scholars in Confucius were afraid of being killed, so they took refuge in the nobles of six countries. After listening to Wang Zheng's words, they became even more angry and killed more than 460 Confucian scholars.
Thinking that the King of Qin burned books to bury Confucianism was just a way to prevent the six countries from retreating and promote Legalism. The way of governing the country recommended by Confucian scholars is contrary to Qin's way of governing the country, but the truth recommended by Confucian scholars can restore the nobles of the six countries. In addition, Confucius and others took refuge in the old aristocracy, and the prince killed Confucian scholars and burned Confucian books.
Kong Fu, a descendant of Confucius, was appointed as a senior official of the State of Qin, but he escaped because he made a mistake. The king of Qin turned a blind eye to this matter, but Confucius asked for it because he was afraid of taking refuge in the nobles of the six countries. After the king of Qin killed the Confucian scholars, he issued letters. The words in the imperial edict also make sense. At first, the king of Qin appointed Confucian scholars and gave them high officials and generous salaries, but he made trouble and was involved in the restoration tide. Plus a few Confucian words: "The punishment is not as good as the doctor, and the ceremony is no less than that of Shu Ren." "People can make it, but they can't let it be known." In that case, people hated Confucianism as soon as they heard it, and thought that the practice of Qin Wang was very correct. On hearing the emperor's imperial edict, nine times out of ten, he shouted "kill". It can be seen that language art is very important for a person. It can be said that no matter whether he is correct or not, others think it is correct.
Everyone has a different view on one thing. How to treat burning books and burying Confucianism?
Extended reading: burning books and burying Confucian allusions
In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), Dr. Qi Yu Chunyue opposed the "county system" implemented at that time and demanded that children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Li Si, the prime minister, refuted this, arguing that people should be forbidden to slander state affairs with private studies. Qin Shihuang took Lisi's advice, ordered the burning of historical books of all countries except Ji Qin, and took possession of poems that did not belong to the Doctor's Museum. Some people dare to talk about "poetry" and "book" executions and use the past to exterminate the nation; Private schools are forbidden, and those who want to study law should learn from officials. This is "burning books".
The following year, two magicians (alchemists), Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng, secretly slandered Qin Shihuang and died. When Qin Shihuang learned about this, he was furious and sent an imperial envoy to investigate. After the trial, more than 460 people violated the ban and were all killed. This is called "pit Confucianism". The two things together "burn books and bury Confucianism"