The meaning of the following words in classical Chinese! "Wisdom, Hu, Zhe, Ye, Yan, Wei, Ruo, Qi, Nai, Yi, Su, He, Er, Yu, Cause, Both, Cause and Harmony". . . 1 etc.
(1) pronoun
1 & gt； He, she and other examples: I invite you to come in and share the same life with me. Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions
I explained: ① Will you be born with sorrow? "The Snake Catcher said" (2) I wonder how wide the general is. Lianlin biography
3 & gt； This example shows that equality is the second policy, and it is better to be negative for Qin Le. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru
(2) Auxiliary words
1 & gt； ; The explanation of the table structure is as follows: ① Everyone is sympathetic. Mencius (2) uses the spear of a child as a shield of a child, how about it? Everything is wrong.
2 & gt； Adopt a unique interpretation between subject and predicate: there is a clear view in solitude and water in fish. History of Three Kingdoms
2. What do prepositions mean in classical Chinese?
1, the grammatical features of prepositions: (1) indicates the grammatical meaning of time, place, way and object, such as: from tomorrow (indicating time) at home (studying by yourself) (indicating place) by rights (doing things) (indicating ways) (indicating objects) (2). Modify verbs or adjectives, such as "get off" and "taller than him". Some object structures can be used as attributes, but "de" should be added, such as "evaluation of historical figures" and "book on the desk". A few object structures can be used as complements, such as "working late into the night" and "sleeping in bed". Object structures cannot be used as predicates. (3) "existence. It is equivalent to a verb, such as "Fall on me", "Run to 2 1 century", "Depend on your exam results", "Be brave in practice", "Go to your destination", "For the people" and "Come from new york". 2. The classification of prepositions (1) indicates time. Location: From the beginning to the present, follow (2): According to the photo, according to the passing basis, according to (3): For (4): Because (5) represents the object, scope: exclude (6) "direction following" and "same giving": except (7) is passive; (8) for comparison; " "Zhe, Le and Guo" in the above prepositions are morphemes, not dynamic auxiliary words. 3. The difference between prepositions and verbs. Most prepositions in modern Chinese are evolved from ancient Chinese, and some words have both prepositions and verbs. For, for, for, for, for, for, for, through, etc. Who does he serve everyone? We serve the people. The school gate faces south. The school gate faces south. We are better than our skills today. You are better than him. The plan has been adopted. We have improved our understanding. The difference between (preposition) and (1) verbs can definitely deny reduplication to express doubts, while prepositions can't. Is he in the dormitory (verb)? He wrote some words on the blackboard. ("zai" is a preposition and cannot be changed to "zai") (2) Are there any other verbs before and after "x+object"? If there are no other verbs, "X" is a verb. For example, the train arrives at the station. The train will not arrive until eleven o'clock. He lives in a dormitory. He lives in a dormitory. (Preposition) (3) Most verbs can take the dynamic auxiliary word "le", but prepositions can't. The car passed the Bayi Bridge. (Verb
3. The preposition objects of classical Chinese prepositions include prepositions "Yu", "Yi", "Wei" and "Yu".
Preposition preposition object sentence Example: Note: I didn't think of the example sentence when I used the preposition "Yu". Excuse me! 1, use the preposition "Yu": 2, use the preposition "Yi": "I will live in prosperity if I succeed. My husband only lives in prosperity, and I can't go. " Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng: "There is a cloud in the world, and I am alone. Everyone is drunk and I am alone, so I see it." Xiang Yu, the historical records of The Analects of Confucius: "Otherwise, why does the book stop here?" Ye Gong Long Hao: "Hook and write dragons, chisel and write dragons." Wang Anshi's Travel Notes of Baochan: "I remember." The Analects of Confucius: "In a word, I think I am innocent." "Goujian Destroys Wu": "Chu and Bing are all equal." 3. Use the preposition "Wei" Mencius: "Why didn't Michell Maxwell Hsu knit it himself?" 4. Use the preposition "He": Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower": "Weiss, whose family are we?" 5. Use the preposition "Cong": Wei Jikang's Breaking Up with the Mountain Juyuan: "However, after complaining about this, I am not familiar with it. How can I get it?" Wang Jin Xu Ruo's Four Confusions on the Analects of Confucius: "From ancient times to the present, I don't know how officials can understand and know how to rule chaos. How can they get it?" 6. Use the preposition "Zi": Xu Chenjia Riding by Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty: "I don't know the origin of my surname, I don't know the description of my purpose." Qing Yao Heng's Notes on Han Xiu Caotang Volume III: "Kuaixuetang is fat and thin, but it is not as good as Bo Heng's husband. Although it is the most intimate, I don't know what it is. ..
4. What's the difference between classical Chinese prepositions and modern Chinese prepositions?
1, the grammatical features of prepositions in classical Chinese:
(1) indicates grammatical meanings such as time, place, method and object. For example, starting from tomorrow (indicating the time), stay at home (self-study) (indicating the place) and finish your homework (indicating the object) according to the principle (doing things) (indicating the way).
(2) The object-object structure mainly acts as an adverbial to modify verbs or adjectives, such as "getting off" and "being taller than him". Some object-object structures can be used as attributes, but "de" should be added, such as "evaluation of historical figures" and "books on the desk". A few object-object structures can be used as complements, such as "working late into the night" and "sleeping in bed". Object-object structure cannot be used.
(3) Words such as "in, in, to, to, from" can be directly attached to verbs or other words to form a whole, which is equivalent to a verb. For example, Fall on Me, Run to 2 1 century, Depend on your test scores, be brave in practice, go to your destination, dedicate to the people and come from new york.
2. Classification of prepositions in classical Chinese.
(1) indicates the time and place: from the beginning to the present, follow the direction.
(2) Expression: According to photos, rules and adoption rules.
(3) express purpose: to
(4) indicate the reason: because
(5) Object and scope: right, right, direction, follow and give.
(6) the meaning of exclusion: in addition to excluding unless.
(7) passive: it is called submission.
(8) comparison: comparison and similarity
"Zhe, Le and Guo" in the above prepositions are morphemes, not dynamic auxiliary words.
What are the prepositions in classical Chinese? Please don't go to Baidu.
Preposition and preposition (English: ad+position) are words or affixes used to express the grammatical function of a word in grammar. Generally used in front of nouns, pronouns or noun phrases, together with these words, they form a prepositional structure, indicating words such as place, time, state, way, reason, purpose and comparison object.
Prepositions in modern Chinese are mostly evolved from ancient Chinese, and some words have both preposition and verb functions. Such as "in, for, than, to, to, to, after, through" and so on.
Extended data:
Grammatical features of prepositions:
(1) indicates the grammatical meaning of time, place, way and object. For example:
Starting from tomorrow (indicating time); Self-study at home (indicate the location);
Act according to reason (express); Finish (homework).
(2) Object-object structure mainly acts as adverbial, modifier verb or adjective. For example, "get off" and "be taller than him". Some object-object structures can be used as attributes, but "de" should be added, such as "evaluation of historical figures" and "books on the desk". A few object-object structures can be used as complements, such as "working late into the night" and "sleeping in bed". The subject-object structure cannot be used as a predicate.
(3) "Being, Thinking, Yu, Tao, Gei, Zi" can be directly attached to verbs or other words to form a whole, which is equivalent to a verb. Such as Fall on Me, Run to 2 1 century, Depend on your test scores, be brave in practice, go to your destination, dedicate to the people and come from new york.
Sogou encyclopedia-preposition
6. What do you mean by prepositional phrases in classical Chinese?
In classical Chinese, the position of the attribute usually precedes the head word, but sometimes in order to highlight the position of the head word, emphasize the content of the attribute, or make the tone smooth, the attribute is often placed after the head word, and the sentence ends with "zhe", forming the form of "head word+post attribute+zhe" or "head word+post attribute+zhe".
For example, "asking for help can make those who report to Qin fail." (Historical Records. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) and: "There are loud voices in the stone, everywhere."
(Shi Zhongshan of Su Shi), etc. It should be noted that the postposition of attributives in classical Chinese is only limited to sentences that express modifier relations, while attributives that express possessive relations are not postposition.
4. Preposition structure as the post-prepositional structure of adverbial, that is, object phrase. In classical Chinese, object phrases consisting of "one" and "Yu" are often used as adverbials after adverbials. First, the object phrase composed of the preposition "Yu" is mostly in the position of complement in classical Chinese. When translated into modern Chinese, most of them should be moved to the front of verbs as adverbials. For example, "green is taken from blue, and green is blue."
When translating, both "Yulan" should be placed in front of the verb as an adverbial. Secondly, the preposition "Yi" is usually used as an adverbial in modern translation.
For example, "say something." ("Historical Records and Biography". "Biography of Xiang Yu"), that is, "to convey feelings with things."
This kind of sentence often omits the verb object, which is actually "telling a story". There is also one that the Ministry of Civil Affairs should pay attention to. When the preposition "Hu" is used as a complement, its composition can be determined according to the translation situation.
For example, "Before I was born, my understanding of Tao was solid before me." The first sentence "born before me" can be translated into "born before me" as an adverbial and "born before me" as a complement. Generally speaking, it is still a complement, and "born before me" must be an adverbial.
7. What are pronouns and prepositions in classical Chinese?
1. Like modern Chinese, prepositional objects in ancient Chinese are usually placed after prepositions, but there are also a few prepositions, mainly the object of "one", which are placed before prepositions because of the need of expression.
For example: (1) In terms of strength, Fangcheng of Chu is considered a city, and Hanshui is considered a pool. Although there are many people, it is useless. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Four Years" Volume Two Chu soldiers are equal.
The example of Shiji Dong Xiangyu Ji (1) means "Fangcheng is the city and Hanshui is the pool"; Example (2) means "take one as ten". There are also some fixed structures of pronouns and prepositions, such as "Shi Yi", "So", "Suo Cong", "Suo Zi" and "Suo Yu", which are also object-object structures of prepositional objects.
2. The object of prepositions in modern Chinese cannot be omitted. In ancient Chinese, the objects of prepositions such as "Yi, Wei, He and Cong" can sometimes be omitted, but the object of "Yu" can't. For example, the villain has a mother who has tasted the villain's food. Please leave it.
Mr. Zheng Boke in Zuo Zhuan is not ashamed, but he has the intention of taking responsibility for Xue. Warring States Policy: Feng Xuan's Visit to Meng Changjun 3. Grammatically, the preposition structure composed of "reason, action and subordination" in ancient Chinese is generally used as adverbial, which is the same as that in modern Chinese, but the object-object structure of "Yu" is mostly used as complement except for the meaning of "right" and "about". The word "one" is a tool in the object-object structure, and its way can be used as both an adverbial and a complement. In these respects, modern Chinese is generally expressed by adverbials.
In addition, the object-object structure in modern Chinese can also be used as an attribute (connecting with the masses), but not in ancient Chinese. For example, there is a kind of bird in the south named Meng dove, which uses feathers as its nest, but it is compiled with Xunzi's advice. shine on you is better than blue.
(ditto) We believe that the scope of prepositions should be strict, and only words whose action meaning is vague, which are not used as predicates alone, or whose meanings are obviously different when used as predicates can be counted as prepositions. Therefore, there are only a dozen prepositions in ancient Chinese, such as "Yu (Yu, Hu), Yi, Cause, You, Wei, Zi, Cong, Yu and He".
Here is a brief introduction to the complex and special usage of "Yu (Yu, Hu), Yi, Cause, Wei and He". First, Yu (yu, Hu) "Yu" and "Yu" are verbs.
The word "Yu" has different ancient sounds, but its usage as a preposition is the same. The main difference lies in the different characters used by different writers in different historical periods: in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, only "Yu" was used instead of "Yu", and some ancient books such as Zuozhuan and Xunzi in pre-Qin were used together, but after the Warring States period, many ancient books were written with "Yu". After the simplification of Chinese characters, "Yu" is simplified to "Yu".
The ancient sound of the word "Hu" is similar to that of "Yu", and it is often used as a preposition except modal particles, and its usage is basically the same as that of "Yu". There are four main uses of "Yu".
The first usage is to indicate place and time. For example, Song Gong and Chu fought Yu Hong.
In Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-two Years of Xi Gong, the life of the King of Yue was recorded. The word "Yu" representing place and time is equivalent to prepositions such as "zai", "Dao" and "cong" in modern Chinese.
In addition to the word "Hu", modern Chinese written language has always been used, such as "written in Beijing" and "founded in 1949". However, in ancient Chinese, the word "Yu" sometimes does not appear, and locative nouns are used as complements directly after predicate verbs or verb-object phrases, which reflects the differences between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.
For example, I heard that Qin Jun was surrounded by a giant deer in Wang Zhao, and Records of the Historian Xiang Yu let women live on it and float in the river.
The two sentences governing Ye in Historical Records Biography of Ximen Bao should be "Yu Julu" and "Zhong". The second usage is to introduce the object involved. For example, the ancients said, "inquire about grass."
Ask questions. One of Xunzi's sketches (firewood man) is the object of inquiry.
In addition to the word "Hu", this usage is also very common in modern Chinese written language, such as "dedicated to the revolutionary cause" and "beneficial to the people of all countries" The third usage is to express comparison.
For example: green, taken from blue, used in blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. In ancient books, the comparative usage of Xunzi's exhortation to learn generally only uses "Yu" and "Hu", and rarely uses "Yu".
Because of comparison, it is generally only placed after adjective predicate, and its meaning is equivalent to "bi" in modern Chinese. However, the position in the sentence is different. "Bi" and its object as adverbial should be placed before adjective predicate.
If translated into modern Chinese, "better than water cooling" means "better than Shui Han". This usage of "Yu" is sometimes used in modern Chinese written language, for example, "the interests of the people are above everything else."
The fourth usage is passive. (See the section on passive expression) Second, the word "one" was originally a verb, which, like the meaning of "Yong", became a preposition.
The preposition "yi" is often used in the following four ways: the first way is to indicate that actions and behaviors take something as a tool or by virtue, which is equivalent to "yong" or "na" in modern Chinese. The object of "one" can be concrete or abstract.
For example: Shoubi, please dance the sword. "Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography" comes out of the snake and hits it with the arm.
Zuo Zhuan, Battle of Saddle, Sword and Arm all represent tools or means of action. The second usage refers to relying on a certain qualification, status or position.
For example, at that time, Ximen Bao will go to Huihe River, and 3,200 people will watch it with the people. "Historical Records of Ximen Bao Governing Ye" Eight thousand people in Xiang Liang crossed the river.
"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" means to lead 8,000 people. The third usage is to express the reason, which is equivalent to "reason", "because" and "because".
For example, husbands, Han and Wei perished, while Anling lived five miles away just to have a husband. The fourth usage of the Warring States Policy Wei Ce is to express time, which is equivalent to "Yu" and "You".
For example, there are prizes in spring and summer and penalties in autumn and winter. The article "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-six Years" (referring to Tian Wen, that is, Meng Changjun) was born on May 5th.
There are two points worth noting about the usage of the word "Yi" in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun. One is its position in the sentence.
"One" can be used before and after the predicate verb. For example, in Xunzi's Encouraging Learning, the position of the word "Yi" is different. But when expressing time, it can only be placed before the predicate verb.
The second is its guest.
8. What does "Wei" mean in classical Chinese?
1, preposition (1) stands for passive, pronounced wéi, which is equivalent to "Bei" and is often used with "suo". Example 1. When the country dies, the world laughs. (Introduction by Lingguan) Example 2. If it belongs to all, it will be captured. () is equivalent to "giving" and "replacing". Example 4. Defeat Pei Gongjun. (Hongmen Banquet) (3) The object of action is pronounced wèi, which is equivalent to "right" and "direction". Example 5. Grab his heel and cry. The cause of action is pronounced as follows. Equivalent to "for". Example 7. Be careful not to die for your wife. (Peacock flies southeast) 2. Auxiliary words are used at the end of sentences to express interrogative mood, which is generally echoed by the preceding interrogative pronouns. Its pronunciation is wé i. Why did you shake hands with Yu and let yourself see it? (Biography of Qu Yuan) Here is the reason.