1, offering sacrifices to heaven, land and ancestors;
2. ceremony, ceremony, ceremony
The three ceremonies are Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji. In the past, it was said that it was written in harmony, but the Book of Rites was deleted by the uncles of Han Dade (called Dai) and Dai Sheng (called). When He Xiu doubted that Zhou Li was written in Six Kingdoms, Ru Song was also skeptical. However, Liu Xin and Zheng Xuanxin are books that Duke Zhou brought peace, but some of them are called Liu Xin forgers. Fang Bao's "Zhou Guan Yi" in Qing Dynasty has already begun, and the so-called "New Theory of Apocrypha" by his close friend Kang Youwei is undoubtedly forged.
Zhou Li, also known as Zhou Guan, is the first of the three ceremonies. It was first published in the Han Dynasty, and was changed to Zhou Guan Jing because it was mixed with Shangguan Pian. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, it was listed as a sacred code, belonging to the ritual code, hence the name "Zhou Li". This book collects the official systems and systems of the Zhou Dynasty and the vassal states, and compiles them with Confucian political ideals. Zhou Li is divided into six chapters, including Tianguan Zhuzai, Emperor Guan Situ, Chun Guan Zongbo, Xia Guan Sima, Qiu Guan Si Kou and Winter Litigation Empty. Among them, the article "Dongguan" has long been lost, and it was supplemented by "exam notes" in the Western Han Dynasty, which was called "Dongguan exam notes". This book is divided into forty-two volumes. There are different opinions about the author of Zhou Li. Basically, it can be divided into two categories: the first category thinks that it was written by Zhou Gongdan, and affirms the value of this book, calling it "The Trace of Duke Zhou to Taiping" and "The Book of Taiping Guo Jing". However, some people think that although it was written by Duke Zhou, it was not put into practice, or it was partially supplemented for future generations. The second category thinks that it was not written by Duke Zhou, but that Liu Xin edited and supplemented the book at the end of the Western Han Dynasty and forged it, or cooperated with Wang Mang to tamper with it, thus holding a negative attitude towards the value of the book. Others think that it was neither written by Duke Zhou nor tampered with by Liu Xin, but written by someone else. The author may be one person or many people. The time is from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Western Han Dynasty. Modern scholars can basically conclude that it is a work of the Warring States period according to the official system contained in the bronze inscriptions of Zhou and Qin Dynasties unearthed from archaeology and the political, economic system and academic thoughts in the reference books. The Book of Rites is a political code that records the division of ancient official positions. * * * records 377 royal officials, detailing the functions and powers of each official. The book preserves many important historical materials of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, such as Jing Tian system and enfeoffment system, as well as the five punishments, farmland system, music and dance in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It also records the people's obligations to the country, including paying taxes, voluntary labor, military service, and one soldier in each family. Not only do they fight in wartime, but they also conduct four military exercises every year. In addition, there are historical materials on agriculture, crafts, customs and habits. About, there are mainly the justice of Zhu in Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia in the Tang Dynasty and Sun Yirang in the Qing Dynasty.
The content of Book of Rites mainly expounds the etiquette of the literati class in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and advocates an equal ethical etiquette. Among them, the etiquette that we can see today embodies the principle of "respect for relatives" is based on "etiquette? Mourning is the most detailed and clear, which not only reflects the social system and blood relationship at that time, but also has an important impact on the social organization and cultural concepts of later generations.
The Book of Rites is an anthology of Confucian scholars' articles from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and a compilation of Confucian thoughts. There is more than one author of The Book of Rites, and the time for its completion also follows. Most of the chapters may be the works of Confucius' 72 disciples and their students, and other classics in Guang and Qin dynasties are also collected.
The main content of The Book of Rites is to record and discuss the pre-Qin etiquette system, etiquette and explanation etiquette, to record the questions and answers between Confucius and his disciples, and to record the principles of self-cultivation. In fact, this 90,000-word book has a wide range of contents and diverse categories, involving politics, law, morality, philosophy, history, sacrifice, literature and art, daily life, calendar, geography and many other aspects. It is almost all-encompassing and embodies the political, philosophical and ethical thoughts of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. It is an important material for studying the pre-Qin society.