Open a new chapter in ancient books

Lead: Xiang is a magical teaching system, which existed in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, but such a separate teaching system did not exist in one or two dynasties, but only in one of them. Wait, why are you so vague? Because Teng Wengong's records in Shuowen and Mencius are biased! What kind of magical teaching system is it? What kind of ruling pattern is behind it? Is it similar to an ancient private school or a school? What was its status and role in the Yin and Shang Dynasties? Let's have a look! Among the two ancient books, due to their long history, the investigation of Shang Dynasty is extremely complicated. We can only learn about the history, folk customs, customs and social conditions of the Shang Dynasty through some auxiliary materials. In addition to the auxiliary main materials, only archaeological remains are left as longitudinal reference and horizontal comparison. This is not that historians are lazy, and there is really nothing they can do. After all, after a thousand years, coupled with the fact that there seemed to be no qualified historians at that time, cultural inheritance was quite laborious, and people could only speak through their mouths. There is naturally no problem in the inheritance of culture from generation to generation, but what about ten generations and one hundred generations? I'm afraid there will be a big loophole! Xia Yuexiao, Yin Yueyao and Wednesday are from Shuowen. If we compare and explain them in detail, it is not difficult to find that Yao is a local school in the Yin Dynasty in Shuowen. Please note that the local schools here are very different from those we know. ) In the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the corresponding local schools had brand-new names: school and order respectively! Yin, Zhou Yueyao, this sentence comes from Mencius. Interestingly, here Yao and his order are almost completely reversed. Yao, who originally belonged to the Yin Dynasty, actually appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, but the ruling order of the Zhou Dynasty actually appeared in the records of the Yin Dynasty. These two books have completely different records. Who's real? Who's fake? Or culture is passed down to this time node, which book has a big omission? We don't know. In fact, we don't know who is right or wrong in these two books until new archaeological materials, archaeological remains and important figures appear. However, we don't know, but we can judge who is most likely to be true and who is most likely to be false through some circumstantial evidence! The History of Shuowen The book Shuowen is far from being as modern as we thought, and even much older. Shuowen was written in 12 1 year. I specially checked the historical records this year. It was the first year of Jian Guang 'an, and I wrote fourteen chapters in one * * *, with few words, close to ten thousand words. What can a 10,000-word book show? This seems to be a problem that has to be discussed. However, when we know that there are130,000 notes written by later generations in a 10,000-word book, such doubts should dissipate. This book was marked and edited many times later. Spread to modern times, it has already lost its original color. Fortunately, however, books seem to have nothing to lose. Of course, even if many core words are lost, we can't explain them one by one in a short time. After all, a book two thousand years ago recorded a dispensable story, and such a book was suddenly taken out, even the reference books were saved. Who knows if it's true or not? Compared with the development history of Mencius on Teng Wengong, Mencius on Teng Wengong came into being earlier. This book is from the Warring States period. It is not difficult to imagine that such books appeared in that era and were not easily handed down. The reason why there are few abridged versions so far is closely related to one person: the great thinker and philosopher Mencius! Theoretically, this book is similar to The Analects of Confucius, which records the debate between Mencius and other thinkers and has been preserved to this day. In other words, the book "Mencius" describes to some extent the state in which a hundred schools of thought contend during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Of course, the historical events described in Mencius on Teng Wengong predate the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. With the divergence of ideas, it can be applied to almost any dynasty! Mencius is a 35,000-word book with seven chapters, which has a far-reaching influence in history. These two books have far-reaching influence in the corresponding historical dynasties, and there seems to be a great conflict in the history of development. When we proofread these two books carefully, it still seems that we can't prove which side of the book is more influential. Yao's Continued Rites, as another extremely peculiar book, appeared in everyone's field of vision. Comparatively speaking, The Book of Rites was written late, but there are certainly many things recorded in the Book of Rites. Because this book contains almost all the wisdom of 72 students of Confucius, plus excellent compilation. It is recorded in the Book of Rites that the Yu family's support for the country is older than Shang 'an, and the ordinary family is older than Cheyenne, which always gives people the charm of a nursing home. After all, literally, I seem to be divided into two sections, where people with ability or prominent position support the elderly; People who have no ability and low status will be supporting the elderly next year. However, this kind of words can be completely ignored. After all, some cultures, especially classical Chinese, have indeed changed a little with the changes of history. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Shandong represented the Rightists. According to the ancient rule that right is superior to left, Shandong represents a relatively high-level school. In the same way, Cheyenne corresponds to Shang 'an, which represents a junior school. From this record, we can see that Yao, as an ancient teaching field, has high and low levels and different energy levels, and it seems that there are surnames under different energy levels. What is Yujiao pear in Yujiao pear? I don't think I have heard of it. Is it a kind of food? No, this book came out later than the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty, and only existed in the Ming Dynasty. So, what is recorded in this book is good for everyone to have fun and have a look. It's definitely not true. Because in most cases: the farther apart, the easier it is to make mistakes! Still embarrassed? Still in prison? Knocking on the blackboard: please note that the prison here does not refer to eunuchs, because it is meaningless. Are you studying at school or being a eunuch? How to read it is awkward! Before and after the Western Han Dynasty, most prison officials had only one meaning: official position! This is an even more remarkable discovery, because the meaning of this sentence is that once you have finished reading the knowledge in the school during the Yin and Shang Dynasties, you may become an official directly. However, there is only one premise: the record of Yujiao pear is readable and true. After all, such a book, which focuses on talented people and beautiful women, seems to have little credibility. The book Mencius in Mencius has been introduced in detail before, so I won't repeat it here. People who are embarrassed raise it, those who teach it teach it, and those who light it shoot it. This sentence classifies the three different appellations of Yao, Jiao and Xu, and establishes Yao's real existence, credibility and willfulness from another angle! Summary of Yao If we summarize Yao according to the previous description, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that Yao, as an ancient Christian name, has its own equal division, and its performance in Yao seems to directly determine its future, similar to the ancient small and medium-sized private schools, but still has great differences and differences with private schools. As a word that everyone can come into contact with in a short time, there are still many private school teachers studying tea art, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting in today's era, but the price of Chinese studies in today's period is more expensive than other studies. Private school and private school system were first formed in Shang dynasty, but there was no such name as private school in Shang dynasty, only a perfect education system. Of course, this is also closely related to the cultural exchange and collision between various princes, especially the rapid development of writing. Comparatively speaking, Confucius' protege accepted Confucius' education system, but Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude, and the nature of private schools was quite different from that of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Before the Shang Dynasty, that is, during the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the initial model of the education system appeared slowly, and the educational values related to private schools also appeared slowly. In this period, people with low status did not have the right to contact with words and education, and only people with higher surnames and superior status could receive education. It was during this period that education was stratified and intensified. The historic date has begun. The project of dating Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties started, involving many reports and literature reviews by historians and literary researchers. In a word, this date opened two chapters of culture and life, which had a great influence. In the 544-year history of Shang Dynasty and the history of Yin Dynasty, there appeared corresponding written records (corresponding historians), who were responsible for recording what happened at that time and carving them on tombstones or handing them down according to the time line. From Xia Dynasty to Shang Dynasty, the influence of writing was beyond imagination. Otherwise, it is hard to imagine a hundred schools of thought contending. A large number of records in Shang Dynasty opened a new chapter in education. From BC 1264, ideas and characters related to education began to spread on a large scale, and almost all of them used a unified description method. In the two chapters of "Sacrifice and Pension", education is described in a new round. A comprehensive summary of Yao's appearance is a historical progress and the development of Yin merchants. With the development of the times, people's demand for words is getting higher and higher, and the demand for a large amount of information recorded by words is increasing exponentially. All this stems from the emergence of various cultures and the need of cultural inheritance. Cultural inheritance will produce fission and continuity in the process of large-scale social change and long-term prosperity. This is also reasonable, because in wartime, it is more necessary to use necessary means to dominate the world, while in times of peace and prosperity, it is necessary to govern the country. There are great differences between the two cultures. During the alternation of Yin and Shang Dynasties and the development and evolution of two dynasties, more and more cultures need to be passed down. It is very difficult to rely on word of mouth, and the emergence of a large number of philosophers has greatly helped the use and dissemination of words. Under the action of these catalysts, the development and inheritance of characters has gradually become the mainstream of the times, and at the same time, the education and teaching system has gradually emerged. After all, words need to be passed down, so different people need to take over the work. With the importance and irreplaceability of writing, it seems that the education and official position system in the Yin and Shang Dynasties are gradually involved. After all, Yao's contact with private schools and scholars in the Yin and Shang Dynasties played an extremely important transitional role in the subsequent development. References: The Book of Rites, Shuowen and Mencius.