Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Volume 24, Women's Department: "Surname, born by people, from women, life, life also sounds." Ban Gu's "White Tiger with Tongde Theory" Volume 9 says: "Those who have surnames are born, and people are born because of the weather." "Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for eight years", "Emperor Jiande gave birth to a teacher". This shows that the original meaning of "surname" is "fate". Therefore, it is generally believed that the surname was originally a racial title representing blood, lineage and blood clan relationship, which is referred to as the family number for short. As a clan number, it is not the title of an individual or a family, but the title of the whole clan and tribe. According to documents, our ancestors originally used surnames for "other marriages", "Ming descent" and "other races". It came into being in the period of clan commune in primitive society.
How did the surname come from? . . .
Ancient surnames, surnames, first names, characters, numbers, etc. (The space is too long to publish, please click on it yourself)
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taboo
Taboo is a unique phenomenon in China feudal society, which began in the Zhou Dynasty, became in the Qin Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, intensified in the Qing Dynasty, and was abolished after the founding of the Republic of China. At that time, people could not call the emperor or his elders by their first names, otherwise they would be in danger of going to jail or even losing their heads because of taboos. The common taboo method is to change the words to be taboo into other words with the same or similar meaning. As a result, there have been many strange phenomena in the history of China in which names of people, places or things have been changed. Taboos have caused some confusion in ancient literature, and also caused a lot of inconvenience in reading today.
There are four types of taboo objects:
The ancients often need to avoid taboo, and they summarized various methods of taboo:
Change fonts. Some use words with the same (similar) meaning instead of words that need to be avoided. For example, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became famous, the famous debater Kuaiche changed his name to Tong. When Tang Gaozong ruled by name, everyone in the world replaced the rule of words with the rule of words. Sometimes it can be avoided by adding and subtracting strokes. For example, Qiu's ancestor was originally named Qiu, but Confucius was named Qiu, so he added an ear to avoid it. Since the Song Dynasty, people have avoided the word "autumn". When writing, they often omit a stroke, and some people write □ or leave blank.
Change pronunciation. For example, Qin Shihuang is famous for ruling the world, so the first month is about to be read as life. Some people read a word instead of a word, and read a word that should be avoided and change it to a word.
Taboo method
Word substitution: to avoid using other words instead of words.
Empty words: don't fill in the words you want to avoid.
Lack of brushwork: when you encounter a word to be avoided, write one less stroke on it.