/Gudian/Xu Xiake/
1, Travel Notes of Yandang Mountain
Yandang Mountain, called Yanshan in the province, is now called Yandang Mountain. There is a depression with water and grass on the top of the mountain. So it's called "when". It is said that in autumn, many geese will come back to stay here. This mountain is also called Yandang Mountain. Its mountain is located in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and is divided into three sections: south, middle and north. Yandang Mountain in the north has the largest area, and Lingfeng, Lingyan and Tailongqiu are the three major scenic spots of Yandang Mountain. This diary records a trip to North Yandang Mountain, all of which are described.
This record mainly describes what the author saw and heard when he visited Beiyantang Mountain. The three wonders of the main landscape of Beiyantang Mountain, Lingfeng, Lingyan and Dalong Waterfall, are described in detail, and many exquisite wonders such as Longbishui, Laosengyan and Duxiufeng are also described. This record has distinct layers and strange language, especially the subtle differences between mountains and water. Landscape writing is not a separate situational writing, but greatly integrates the subjective feelings of the observer, which makes it more realistic to read and strengthens the artistic appeal, especially in the two diaries 13 and 14, the words are beautiful, concrete and full of emotion.
Don't go to Taishan on the ninth day, and go to Huangyan on the tenth day. To the west, 30 miles out of the south gate, I will live in Bao 'ao 'ang.
Twenty miles on the 11th, climbing a mountain. Looking at the peaks of Yanshan Mountain in the distance, hibiscus is inserted into the sky, and people are surprised. 20 miles further, Jing Yi. There is a stream in the south and a boulder in the west peak. Slave generation refers to two Buddhist monks, and the rest are suspected to be old monk rocks, but they are not very filial. Five miles away, after crossing Zhangjialou, I saw the true face of the old monk: bald and upright, which can be as high as a hundred feet. On the other side, a little boy bent his back and was covered by the old monk. As Zhanglou is two miles away, Liang Shi Cave is halfway up the mountain. The hole faces east, and there is a beam at the entrance, which is inserted obliquely into the ground from the top and hangs down like a flying rainbow. From the middle level of the beam side clearance, it is high and open. Sit down and go down the mountain. From the right foot, across Xie, across a stream, along the stream to the west, is Lingfeng Road. As soon as the mountain turns, the two walls stand in the sky, and the dangerous peaks overlap, such as cutting, saving, bamboo shoots, standing, straight and leaning like a towel. The cave has a mouth like a curtain, and the pool has a blue color like clear indigo. Shuangluan and Wu Lao, fly with me. So many miles to Lingfeng Temple. Climb Lingfeng Cave along the temple side. The mountain peak is hollow, behind the Teli Temple, there is a gap on the side to enter. From the gap to dozens of layers, until the hole at the top of the nest. Then the platform is round and open, and there are arhats in it. Sit and play to the color, return to the temple.
/kloc-After dinner on 0/2, find Bixiao Cave from the right toe of Lingfeng. Take the old road back and get off at Xiegongling. Xiang Yan South, Wuli, to Jingming Temple intersection. Entering the water curtain valley, there are two cliffs, and the water floats down from the top of the cliffs. Five miles in the valley, to Lingyan Temple. Cliff four in one, skyscrapers split the ground, winding, such as creating another world. Temple in it, south, back to the screen under the account. The top of the mountain, as high as a barrier, is purple, hundreds of feet high and wide, also known as it. At the southernmost tip of Zhang, there is Zhanqi Peak on the left and Tianzhu Peak on the right. If the deer's right flank is between Tianzhu, it is dragon's nose water first. The tip of the dragon's nose goes straight to the stone and is as small as the cave of Lingfeng. The stone color in the cave is all Rayna Sue, and there is only a ray of stone grain in the mouth, which is green, red, blue and moist, quite like scales and claws. From the top to the bottom of the cave, the hanging end is like a nose, and the hole in the nose can accommodate fingers. Water dripped into the stone basin from the inside. This is the first miracle on the right. The southwest is the unique peak, smaller than Tianzhu, and the sharpness is comparable. Under the unique performance, Bi Zhuofeng is tall, semi-unique and sharp. These two peaks are in the south depression, and the fallen man is Ling. Jade Girl Mountain is also the antithesis of the Dragon and a unique show. There is a spring flower on the top, like a bun. Since then, it has been a double phoenix, which is extremely beneficial to Tianzhu. Shuangluan stopped the two peaks rising together, and there was a "monk worshiping the stone" between the peaks, and the robes were simple and simple. From Zhang's left, among the crowds waving flags, the first is the Anchan Valley, which is the screen under the rock wall. There is a stone screen in the southeast, which looks like a screen Xia, half high and half wide, which is where the screen Xia is. There is a "toad stone" at the top of the picture, opposite to the "jade turtle" on the side. The screen faces south, the flag side is compromised, there is a straight line, the level is exhausted, and the stone threshold is limited. Peeking from the threshold, there is no land under it, embedded in the cave. There are two round caves outside, and there is a long cave on the side. Light enters from the cave and there is no other place. It's for Tiancong Cave, so it's the first wonder on the left. The peaks and peaks overlap with each other, and the left and right rings are clever. It's really a wonder of the world! Xiaolongling went down the river, crossed Tianzhu and the battle flag, crossed the bridge and faced the mountain gate. Perlite outside the bridge is at the foot of Tianzhu, and Mount Everest is above the flag. This is what Ling Yan looks like.
13 Sunrise Gate, follow the foothills to the right. All the way, the cliffs are rugged and the clouds are shining. Those tall, spreading ones are slate. Those who stand dangerously under the rocks and are caught by sharp clips are all small scissors peaks. Even before, on the heavy rock, there was a mountain peak standing in the sky, and that was Guanyin Rock. On the edge of the rock, Ma 'anling straddles the front. Bird Road describes it as a dangerous road. After crossing the depression, turn right, make soup in the stream, and rock at the bottom of the ravine. Go deep along the stream, go to Lingyan for more than ten miles, pass Chang Yunfeng, and then the Scissors Peak stands beside the stream. North of the scissors difference, heavy rocks stand steeply, which is the famous Yunfeng. Since then, the rock has been poor. Dragon Soul Waterfall plunged into the pool, the rock potential was steep, the water was nowhere to fall, and it floated in the air, which made my heart dizzy. There is a hall by the pond, which is said to be the place where Noguine watches spring. The level behind the hall is straight, and there is a pavilion. Sitting in the waterfall for a long time, in the dining hall, the rain not only didn't stop, but also kept falling, and I have flown to the top of Yanhu Lake. So he braved the rain to Chang Yunfeng, climbed three miles from the mountainside outside Songdong, and walked to Baiyun Temple. Empty temple, a person on the grass, met the guests, look. A mile away, there is Yunjing Temple, which is a place to stay. A recluse Taoist priest can still talk and laugh with his guests after decades in bed. Seeing four mountains and clouds, I can't help worrying about tomorrow morning.
14, suddenly sunny, but a hermit's guide. Yin Qing means that the lake is covered with grass and becomes a wasteland, but it can be sent to the summit. I can sit on the lake to the top of the mountain, so people grab a stick, climb deep into the grass and breathe step by step, for miles before reaching the top of the mountain. Looking at the white clouds, it is colorful and lying flat under the peak. The peaks are blossoming, only one is exposed, and the sunlight is reflected, such as the curling Yao world, regardless of land and sea. However, a touch of Yuhuan in the sea can be seen everywhere. Seen from the north, the mountains stand on the wall, and stalagmites are dense and uneven. Surrounded by green cliffs on three sides, it is better than Lingyan. But the valley is quiet, and you can't tell where it is except the sound of water. Looking around the mountains, it looks like a hill, that is, a hill, but the east peak is towering alone, and the easternmost cloud is shoulder-to-shoulder.
The leader excused himself, which means that the lake is at the peak of the west axil, but it still takes three points. The more I followed, the more anxious I was, and the road died; One more thing, the summit has been half a day. Read the "Records" cloud: "Up and down the top of the mountain, the water of the dragon falls." Now the mountain is descending to the stream, but it starts from Dongfeng and is separated by two valleys. Then I went back to the East and looked at the highest peak in the East. The Lotus boat was tired. I crossed Erling from the old road to the east, and there was no one there. The higher the mountain, the narrower the ridge, sandwiched on both sides, such as the back of a knife. The edge of the stone is angry again, and every time it crosses a ridge, that is, a steep mountain peak, it climbs up from the gap between swords. If there is, the third one, but it depends on the situation. Can Ann accommodate the lake? The summit of the mountain is like a stone, which is enough to fear the stone front. Hesitant on the cliff, afraid to go back to the old road. Overlooking the south side of the stone wall, there was a step, so four slaves spread out and the cliff hung empty. First, the next slave, the rest starts with it, which means you can climb this road. Next, there is only enough space, no space. Looking at the rocks, the battle is as steep as "steep" and as deep as 100 feet. I want to go back, and the rocks on it are embedded more than three feet, so I can't fly to Deng Zhi. Try to hold a piece of cloth. The cloth was strangled by a sudden stone and suddenly stopped. If you keep hanging it, you will try your best to climb the rock again. Back to Yunjing Temple, it was getting west. The clothes and shoes of the master and servant are worn out, looking for the rise and fall of the lake. After I left, I returned to Ba Long. After the rain accumulated, the surging waves poured in, which changed the extreme situation. It thundered and snowed twice as much as yesterday. Sit down at sunset, walk four miles south, and arrive at Su Nengren Temple.
After passing the fifteenth hall, I found several bamboo handles as thin as branches; The new branches in the forest can be as big as an inch, but the branches are too soft to be used as crutches, so Lao Ke cut them all down! Then from episode 49 of Qidu, all the way to Zunhai and South, across Yao 'aoling, to Yueqing.
Tiantai Mountain Travel Diary
Tiantai Mountain in the north of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province is famous for Huading, Chicheng, Qiongtai, Taoyuan and Han Yan, among which Liang Shi Waterfall is the most famous.
First, it briefly describes the beautiful scenery along the way, and then focuses on climbing the peak of China, watching the broken bridge and the Pearl Curtain Waterfall. It also describes the scenery of the China Peak and the abnormal vegetation, especially the broken bridge water and pearl curtain, which are quite detailed. It is also unusual to indicate the width of the cave and the towering stone wall outside the cave. Later, the scenes of Han Yan, Mingyujian and Qiongtai were also described one by one.
This was written by Xu Xiake when he first visited Tiantai Mountain. The time is 16 13. 1632, he visited again and made another note.
This record basically reflects the panorama of Tiantai Mountain, and the language is fresh, simple, concise and accurate. From this article, we can see the basic style of Xu Xiake's travel notes.
Guichou (A.D. 16 13) leaves Ninghai for the West Gate on the last day of each month. The clouds are getting brighter and brighter, and people are happy. Three miles to Huangliangshan. I heard that Yu Tu is a tiger on the road, hurting dozens of people every month, so I stopped for the night.
On the first day of April, it rained fifteen miles early, and the road was divided into two ways. The horse head went west to Mount Tai, and the weather was getting worse. After more than ten miles, I arrived at Songmenling. The mountain was steep and the road was slippery, so I rode and walked. Since Fenghua, although the mountains are heavy, they all follow the foothills; At this point, the detour is close to the ridge. However, after the rain, the weather is fine, and the spring sounds like mountains, one after another, and the mountain azaleas are reflected. Today, people climb the calendar and forget the hardships. Fifteen more miles, bamboo temple rice. Wheat is planted everywhere on the top of the mountain. From the south of Mount Zhu Jin, you will clear the road to the countryside. It's perfect to have a meal with the monk Yunfeng of Guoqing. The monk Yunfeng said that he had arrived in Liang Shi. The long road is dangerous and the luggage is inconvenient. If you don't go into battle lightly, you must treat National Day with a heavy burden. Yuran agreed, and ordered Dan Fu to go to the National Day with Yunfeng. Yu and Master were on the lotus boat: respect the monk as the Tao. Walk five miles and cross Jinzhuling. There are many dwarf pines beside the ridge, with their old stems buckling, green roots and beautiful leaves, and everything in the Nagato Basin. After more than 30 miles, I arrived at Amitabha Temple. Up and down the mountain, Shan Ye is desolate and lonely, afraid of hiding tigers and burning vegetation. Spring is full, and the road is unique to travelers. Buddhist nun is in the low-lying area of Wanshan depression, and the road is barren and long. If appropriate, you can eat and live.
The next day after dinner, the rain stopped. Then the water trickled down, the stream stone gradually quieted down, and the temple was closed at dusk. In the morning, I slept on the summit of the mountain, thinking that it was near the edge, covered with halberds for several days, and there was no sunny day. And even in my dream, I hear the stars all over the sky, and I can't sleep.
From the morning of the third day of the third year, the fruit Sun Ye originally meant that the fire was burning very vigorously, which meant that the sun was burning and the decision was made by the top. Walk a few miles and arrive at Huading Temple. In the middle of the night, near the top, it is the Taibai Hall, which is nothing impressive. There is a yellow meridian hole in the lower left of the warm soup, which comes from the path. On the second road, I saw a sudden stone and thought it was quite beautiful. At the last minute, a monk was tied to the front of the temple, fearing that the wind would blow from the cave and blocked its door with a stone-like plug, greatly lamenting. Go back to Taibai and go up the road. The grass is decadent, the mountains are high and the wind is strong, the frost on the grass is high, and the reflection of the four mountains is beautiful. The mountain flowers in Jiao Ling are in full bloom, but they don't spit at the top, and the cover is limited by cold.
Or go down to Huading Temple, cross the bridge by the pool, and cross the Three Tombs. The stream meets the mountain, and the wood and stone are beautiful and turn into a strange peak, which is extremely satisfying. Twenty miles, across the broad top of the mountain, to Liang Shi, to the Buddha's epiphyllum pavilion, busy watching waterfalls. From the bottom of the lake to the bottom of the lake, looking up at Liang Shi Waterfall, the sky suddenly opened up. I heard that broken bridges and bead curtains are the best. The monk said that he would go back and forth after dinner, so he walked from Xianfu Bridge to Houshan. Over a ridge, along an 89-mile-long stream, the waterfall pours down from the stone gate and rotates in a trilogy. The upper layer is a broken bridge, two stones cross obliquely, and water breaks between the stones and flows into the pool; The two stones in the middle face each other like doors, and the water is a bundle of doors, which is very lively; The mouth of the lower pool is quite wide, and the diarrhea is like a sill, and the water slopes down from the depression. The three levels are all tens of feet high, and each level is amazing. However, following the steps, the corner is covered with songs and can't be seen at once. It is also a bead curtain, and the water falls on Jinbe, which is slow and swift. I jump barefoot on the grass, rubbing against the wooden cliff is climbing branches, and the lotus boat is also involved. It was dark, and then I came back. I stopped at Xianfu Bridge and watched Liang Shi lying in the rainbow, and the waterfall sprayed with snow, and I almost didn't want to lie down.
On the fourth day of the fourth day, Tianshan Mountain was as beautiful as jade. Without breakfast, you can follow the fairy raft to the Epiphyllum Pavilion, and Liang Shi is just outside the pavilion. Liang Guoji is more than three feet long and stands between two valleys. Two waterfalls came from the pavilion on the left and landed under the bridge. The original meaning of Honglei River is collapse, which means that the river is running, with a foot of 100 feet. I walked up from the beam and looked down at the deep pool. My hair and bones were shocked. The beam is exhausted, separated by a big stone. It can't reach the mountain ahead, but it's still there. After epiphyllum, enter Shangfangguang Temple. Go along the stream in front of the temple, go back to the big stone on another mountain, and sit and watch Liang Shi. I went to promote rice for the monks in the temple next door. Fifteen miles after dinner, I arrived at Wannian Temple and boarded the Sutra Pavilion. The pavilion has two floors, the north and south floors of Tibetan scriptures. There are many ancient Chinese fir trees in front of the temple and behind it. Knowing that there are three people around, cranes nest on the ground, and the sound is loud and clear, and the mountains are also clear. On that day, I wanted to go to Tongbai Palace, find Qiongtai and find a pair of birds. The road was full of mazes, so I sought to go to National Day. Go to Wan Li on National Day and visit the Dragon King Hall. Every time I reached the next hurdle, I said I was already on the flat ground, and the next few times were heavy, but the situation was still not over, and I realized that the top of the flower was high and not far away! At dusk, enter the Qing Dynasty and meet Yunfeng. If I were an old friend, I would be curious about business. The cloud said, "There is no place like two rocks. It's far away, but you can ride it. After crossing the two rocks and then stepping on the Taoyuan, when you arrive at Tongbai, you can see the Cuicheng Chicheng. "
On the fifth day, it rained, so I took the cold stone road and found a ride from the temple to the west gate. Go on horseback, it's going to rain. Fifty miles to the end, when the rain stops, ride. In the second mile, I entered the mountain, and the peaks and mountains reflected the water, and the wood was beautiful and the stone was strange. I was very happy. There came a stream in Dongyang, which was urgent and as big as Cao E. Looking around, there was no raft and it was bearing the burden of slaves. Knee-deep, temporarily crossing a stream. From Li San to Yan Ming. Yan Ming is a cold mountain, a hidden place, two mountains turn back, the so-called eight-inch pass in the record. When you enter the customs, you will be surrounded by cliffs, just like a city. Finally, the hole is tens of feet deep and can accommodate hundreds of people. Outside the cave, there are two rocks on the left, both in half; There are stalagmites on the right, standing on the Qi stone wall, which are out of line. The pines, cypresses, violets, and wēng cūng wēNGC 33 ng are lush on the ground, just opposite and amazing. Go out of the eight-inch pass, cross a stone and turn left, too. When I came, I looked up like a gap, and it was opened by hundreds of people. A well in the rock. Fairy wells are shallow and inexhaustible. There is a special stone outside the rock, which is several feet high, like two people standing on it. Monks refer to it as Hanshan Cloud. Enter the temple. After dinner, the clouds spread, the new moon was in the sky, people were at the top of the back rock, and the light was shining through the wall.
On the sixth day, I left the temple early in the morning and went to Han Yan in Liuli. The stone wall is as straight as a crack. Looking up at the sky, there are many caves. There is a hole in the half of the rock, which is 80 steps wide and 100 steps deep, flat and clear. Follow the rocks and climb up the stone steps. Yan 'ao has two opposite stones, the lower part of which is connected, which is a magpie bridge. It can also compete with Fangguang Liang Shi, but the waterfall is less than the ear. Return the rice to the monk's house and find a raft to cross a stream. Walking down the hill along the stream, there are cliffs with vegetation hanging on them. There are many begonia and bauhinia in it, which reflect the shade of the stream. The fragrant wind is floating everywhere, and there are magnolia and grass everywhere. We have reached a mountain mouth, and the stone wall is straight at the bottom of the stream, so there is no room for it. Make a hole in the wall, only half a toe is allowed in the hole, forcing the body to pass, and the spirit is moving, from Han Yan Shili to Shantou, and from the path to Taoyuan. Taoyuan is next to Huguo Temple, which has been abandoned and the natives are ignorant. Walking with Yunfeng on Panshan Road, the sun had set, but there was no place to stay, so I asked about Pingtou Beach again. It is only 20 miles from the pool to the first step, but now it is more than 30 miles from the path. Stay. Believing in Taoyuan is a mistake.
On the seventh day, I crossed the stream from Pingtoutan Hangqu Road and entered the mountain for more than 30 miles. In addition, the 45-mile pass gradually narrows, and there is a pavilion called Taohuawu. Walking along the deep pool, the water is clear and blue, and the flying spring is injected from above. This is Mingyu River. The stream turns with the mountain, and people follow the stream. The mountains on both sides are stone bones, surrounded by mountains, and full of green is better than the rocks in Leng Yan. There is no way to go, a waterfall falls from the ravine, which is very vertical and horizontal. Out of the restaurant, I walked southeast along the dock valley and passed two ridges, looking for the so-called "Qiongtai" and "Shuangque", but I didn't know. Walk a few miles and visit the top of the mountain. Climb along the road with Yunfeng and reach its top. Looking down, the ring is sharp, just like a peach garden, with blue walls towering above it. The peak head is interrupted, that is, double gap; Surrounded by double seams is Qiongtai. Taiwan Province is surrounded by cliffs on three sides, and then connected with Shuangque. I was in the opposite corner, and I couldn't get on the plane at sunset, but I won a day's scenery. Then go down the mountain and return to National Day from Chicheng, which is three miles away.
On the eighth day, I left the National Day and boarded Chicheng from Wuli behind the mountain. The round wall at the top of Chicheng Mountain stands out and looks like a city, but the stone is slightly red. The cave is the monk's home, which contains natural interests. There is nothing strange about the so-called Yujing Cave, Qianchi and Intestinal Washing Well.