Sunflower is an annual herb, 1 to 3 meters high. The stem is upright, thick, round and angular, covered with white coarse hairs. Commonly known as sunflower seeds. It likes warmth and is drought-tolerant. Native to North America, it is cultivated all over the world. In addition, there are Van Gogh's painting "Sunflower", the entertainment program episode "Sunflower", and the movie "Sunflower" filmed by China and South Korea respectively.
Chinese name: Sunflower
Latin name: Helianthus annuus
Also known as: Sunflower, Sunflower, Sunflower, Sunflower
Kingdom: Planta
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helianthus
Species: H. annuus
Distribution area: Native to North America; World Cultivated everywhere
Fruit: sunflower seeds (melon seeds)
Fruit type: achene
Flower language: silent love, admiration
Table of contents
Basic information on plants
Morphological characteristics
Components of sunflowers
Records in ancient books
Poet’s writings Sunflower Poems
Growth Habits
Flower Varieties
Main Characteristics
(1) Growth and Growth Period
(2) The relationship between growth and development and environmental conditions
(3) Stress resistance of sunflower
Cultivation technology
1. Key points of propagation
2. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
3. Harvesting of cut flowers
Causes of sunburn
Medicinal value
Prescriptions for treating diseases
The language of sunflowers
Origin of the name
Russian national flower
Paintings
Movie China
< p>Story synopsisDirector's explanation
China
South Korea
Plot synopsis
Behind the scenes production: director, Script, Kim Rae-won
Song column interlude
Lyrics
Legendary story Legend 1
Legend 2
Legend 3
Sunflower in Plants vs. Zombies
Cartoon "Sunflower"
Organization:
Watch online
Tieba Photo Album Basic Information on Plants
Morphological Characteristics
Components of Sunflowers
Records in Ancient Books
Sunflower Poems Written by Poets
Growth habits
Flower varieties
Main characteristics
(1) Growth and growth period
(2) Growth and development Relationship with environmental conditions
(3) Stress resistance of sunflower
Cultivation techniques
1. Key points of propagation
2. Pest and disease control
3. Harvesting of cut flowers
Reasons for sunrise
Medicinal value
Prescriptions for treating diseases
Sunflower language
Origin of the name
Russian national flower
Paintings
Movie China
Story summary
p>Director's explanation
China
South Korea
Plot introduction
Behind-the-scenes production: director, script, Kim Rae-won
Song Column Interlude
Lyrics
Legendary Stories Legend One
Legend Two
Legend Three
Sunflowers in Plants vs. Zombies
Cartoon "Sunflowers"
Organization:
Watch Tieba Album Online Expand Edit Plants in this Section
Basic information
Sunflower (English: Sunflower, scientific name: Helianthus annuus, Japanese name: ヒマワリ), also known as sunflower, is a large annual plant of the genus Helianthus in the Asteraceae family that can reach a height of 3 meters. Its disk-shaped inflorescences can be up to 30 cm wide. It is named because the inflorescences rotate with the sun. The stems of sunflowers can be up to 3 meters long, and the flower heads can reach 30 centimeters.
Morphological characteristics
1-year-old herb, 1 to 3 meters high. (For hybrid varieties, there are also half-meter-high ones.) The stems are upright, thick, round and angular, covered with white coarse hairs. The leaves are usually alternate, heart-shaped
ovate or oval, with sharp or acuminate apex, 3 veins at the base, coarsely serrated edges, rough on both sides, hairy, and long stalks. The flower head is very large, 10-30 cm in diameter, solitary on the top of the stem or the end of the branch, often tilting downward. The involucral bracts are multi-layered, the leaves are arranged in an imbricate shape, and are covered with long bristles. They bloom in summer and have yellow tongue-shaped flowers on the edge of the inflorescence, which are not fruitful. In the middle of the inflorescence are bisexual tubular flowers, brown or purple, strong.
Achenes, obovate or egg-shaped oblong, slightly flattened, with lignified skin, gray or black, commonly known as sunflower seeds. It likes warmth and is drought-tolerant. Native to North America, it is cultivated all over the world.
The components of a sunflower
The sunflower plant consists of five parts: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. (1) Roots The roots of sunflowers are composed of main roots, lateral roots and fibrous roots. The main root penetrates deeply into the soil, usually 100 to 200 centimeters; lateral roots grow from the main root and grow horizontally; there are many fibrous roots on the lateral roots. The lateral roots and fibrous roots are covered with root hairs. Sunflower has a well-developed root system and is distributed widely and deeply in the soil. About 60% of the root system is distributed in the 0~40 cm soil layer. The growth rate of sunflower roots has always been faster than that of stems. The roots grow fastest before and after the flower disk is formed. When the seeds begin to mature, the roots stop growing and then gradually wither. In addition, under suitable conditions, a large number of watery roots (like the aerial roots of corn) can grow. (2) Stem The stem is round and upright, with a rough surface and bristles. The stem is composed of cortex, xylem and spongy pith. In the later stages of growth, the stem becomes lignified and the pith inside the stem becomes hollow. The embryonic stems of sunflowers are green, lavender, deep purple, etc., which are important signs for identifying varieties in the seedling stage. The height of stems varies greatly among different types of varieties, and the plant height of the same variety is also affected by sowing date and cultivation conditions. The growth rate of the stem is fastest from budding to flowering, when the growth height accounts for about 55% of the total height, and then the growth rate slows down, accounting for only about 5%. The branching nature of sunflowers is determined by genetics and is caused by environmental conditions. (3) Leaves Sunflower leaves are divided into cotyledons and true leaves. A pair of cotyledons. The true leaves are often opposite at the 1st to 3rd nodes in the lower part of the stem, and alternate at the upper part. The true leaves are relatively large, with short and hard bristles on the leaf surface and petiole, and are covered with a waxy layer. The number of leaves varies depending on the variety. Early-maturing varieties generally have 25 to 32 leaves, and late-maturing varieties have 33 to 40 leaves. The leaves at the lower part of the stem produce nutrients before flowering, mainly for root growth, and their function is basically over by the time of flowering. The nutrients produced by the middle and upper leaves are mainly supplied to the flower disc to promote seed formation. (4) Flowers Sunflowers are flower heads, which are grown at the top of the stems and are commonly known as flower disks. There are three types of shapes: convex, flat and concave. There are two types of flowers on the flower disk, namely ray-shaped flowers and tubular flowers. There are 1 to 3 layers of tongue-shaped flowers, which are borne on the edges of the flower disk and are asexual flowers. Its color and size vary depending on the species, including orange, light yellow and purple. It has the effect of attracting insects to collect nectar for pollination. Tubular flowers, located inside the tongue-shaped flowers, are bisexual flowers. The colors of the corolla include yellow, brown, dark purple, etc. (5) Fruit The fruit is achene, which is customarily called a seed. Fruit includes four parts: pericarp, seed coat, cotyledons and embryo. The edible seeds are longer, with mostly black and white stripes on the pericarp. The pericarp is thick, accounting for more than 40% of the weight of the seeds, and the thousand-seed weight is 100 to 200 grams. Oil-type seeds are shorter and smaller, with mostly black and thin skins, accounting for about 20% to 30% of the seed weight, and a thousand-grain weight of 40 to 110 grams.
Records in ancient books