Taiyi is a Chinese vocabulary, pronounced tàiyī. Also known as Tianyi, Taiyi and Beichen, it is the North Star. It is close to the North Celestial Pole and almost motionless in the sky. All the stars (including the Big Dipper) rotate around it. "Tai Yi" is the center of the sky and is surrounded by astronomical phenomena guarded by stars, so the ancients respected him as the Emperor of Heaven. For example, "He Tu Kuo Earth Symbol": "When heaven and earth were first established, there was the emperor's family, indifferent to nature, and the same way as the (North) Pole"; "Emperor Century": "The emperor of heaven (is) the treasure of glory, the emperor of earth is the one of heaven, The Emperor of Man is Taiyi. ”
It also refers to the origin and ontology of all things in the universe, and the chaotic energy before heaven and earth are separated. That is what Taoists call "Tao". "Tao is the ultimate essence. It cannot be shaped or named. If you give it a name, it is called Taiyi." Also refers to the name of gods and stars. Basic introduction Chinese name: Taiyi Foreign name: the one Alias: Tianyi, Taiyi, Beichen, North Star? Mythology system: Chinese mythology system Belongs to: Pre-Qin mythology, national sacrificial mythology Identity: Supreme God, Emperor of Heaven Symbols: vitality, emperor star, Rain, North Star Pinyin: tài yī word explanation, word information, detailed explanation, vitality of heaven and earth, origin of Taiyi, concept of Taiyi, worship and sacrifice, Eastern Emperor Taiyi, ancient Western philosophy, others, word explanation word information entry Taiyi Pinyin tài yī Definition 1. It is what Taoists call "Tao", which in ancient times refers to the origin and ontology of all things in the universe. 2. In ancient times, it refers to the chaotic energy before heaven and earth were separated. 3. The name of the god. 4. Star name. That is the Emperor Star. Also known as Arctic II. 5. Mountain name. 6. The theory of unity of everything. "Laozi Xiang'er Notes" Taoist, one. Once it disperses, it becomes Qi, and when it "gathers", it becomes Taishang Laojun. Laojun is the master of the great road, the supreme essence of inanimate being, and the creator of nature. "The Tao is the ultimate essence. It cannot be shaped or named. If you give it a name, it is called Taiyi." According to "Jingzhou Zhan": His concubine Huanglong. Detailed explanation 1. Emperor Star, star name, also known as Arctic II. For example, "He Tu Kuo Earth Symbol": "When heaven and earth were first established, there was the emperor's clan, indifferent to nature, and the same way as the (North) Pole"; "Emperor Century": "The emperor of heaven (is) the treasure of glory, the emperor of earth is the one of heaven, The human emperor is Taiyi." 2. The name of the god. The main god and emperor of heaven worshiped by the Han Dynasty court was "Tai Yi". Initially, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to offer sacrifices. Wang Mang has plans to merge the two gods "Tai Yi" and "Haotian God". But except for Wang Mang, all emperors separated these two gods. According to "Jingzhou Zhan": His concubine Huanglong. In the early Han Dynasty, Fang Shimiuji believed that ancient emperors had worshiped Taiyi God. From this, some research suggests that Taiyi may also be the god worshiped by the alchemists of Yanqi, and it was first spread in the pre-Qin Qi state. The main god "Tai" of the ancient Chu pantheon (mainly found in the records of Chu tomb bamboo slips) should be related to "Tai Yi", and the so-called "eclipse Tai" may refer to "the star where Tai Yi lives disappears." After the Han Dynasty, Taiyi was no longer the supreme god of the country, but the philosophical significance he embodied was often adapted by Taoism. In addition, the name "Donghuang Taiyi" is only found in the literature of "Nine Songs". Note the difference between this literary original god and Taiyi, the main god of the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records·Fengchan Book": "The most noble god is Taiyi, and Taiyi is called the Five Emperors. In ancient times, the emperor used the spring and autumn to sacrifice the southeast suburbs of Taiyi." "Huainanzi Tianwenxun": "Taiwei is the court of Taiyi, Ziwei Palace is the residence of Taiyi" Zheng Xuan notes in "Yiwei Qianzhedu": "Taiyi is Beichen. The name of the god. The place where he lives is called Taiyi. Annotation of "Nine Songs of Chu" (annotated by Wang Yi of the Han Dynasty): The name of Taiyi is the god of heaven. The word is in the east of Chu, so it is called "Taiyi". Donghuang. 2. The name of Shensha. In Shensha, it also refers to "Taiyi", "Tianyi", "Guiren" and other gods. In English, it belongs to Ziweiyuan and is in the Tianlong constellation. The Lord brings good luck and blessings, and relieves dangers. Those who follow the direction are lucky, and those who go against it are bad. "Bu Tian Ge" says: "The four stars on the left and right are the four assistants, and the sky is the gateway." "The Star Sutra" says: "The Taiyi star is half a degree south of the sky. It is the emperor of heaven and the master of the sixteen gods." " 3. The name of Shensha. It also refers to "Zhifu" in Shensha. "Qimen Dunjia Encyclopedia" says: "The land in the center of Zhifu is the place for nobles, and it can cultivate all things. The generals will benefit from it, and it will be a place for nobles. The human nature is pure and noble, it is the immortal Buddha and the noble, if it is not ordered, it is the dental care and matchmaker, and the objects are seals, articles, gold and silver jewelry, silk and linen cloth, treasures, grains, turtles, etc., and the mutation is the water and wood. Jing, a strange fish with scales. When things are prosperous, it means auspicious celebrations, edicts, banquets, wine and food, and when people are in prison, it means crying and depression. It is yellow and white, its shape is square, and its number is eight. " 4. Philosophical concept. Refers to vitality: "Book of Rites·Liyun": "It must be based on Taiyi, divided into heaven and earth, turned into yin and yang, and changed into the four seasons. "The note: "Tai, Yintai. "Shu: "Taiyi refers to the undivided vitality of chaos between heaven and earth. "Huainanzi · Interpretation"; "The cave is the same as the heaven and the earth. Chaos is simple and uncreated. It is called Taiyi." " 5. Philosophical concepts. Referring to the Tao: "Zhuangzi: The World": "It is built on the constant absence of existence, and the main one is the Taiyi. "" Lu's Spring and Autumn Period·Da Le": "The Tao is the ultimate essence. It cannot be shaped or named. If you give it a name, it is called Taiyi. "It also goes: "All things come from Taiyi. "Note: "Taiyi, Tao." 6． Mountain name. That is today’s Zhongnan. 7. One of the nicknames of Taishang Laojun.
Du Tianshi Du Guangting's "Taishang Laojun Shuo Chang Qingjing Sutra": ""Yinshi Xuanzhong Ji" says: Taishang Laojun often lives in Ziweiguan, or he is called the Great Emperor, or he is called Taiyi Jishu Tianzun, or he is called Taiyi Jishu Tianzun. The sage of Jinque. Therefore, I know that Taishang followed the instructions and made the name infinite. "Li Shaowei, the founder of the Qingwei sect, wrote in "Yuanshi Wumeiren Shangpin Miaojing": "Yin Shi's "Xuanzhong Ji" said: Taishang Laojun always lives in Ziwei. Palace, No. 1 Emperor, Taiyi Tianzun, No. 1 Jinque Sage." 8. Star names. The Emperor Star may be related to Polaris, also known as Polaris II. "Jingzhou Zhan": "Gou Chen is the position of Huanglong and the concubine of Taiyi." 9． The theory of unity of all things. Sufi mysticism advocates "the unity of all things" (ie, Oneness). It is believed that Allah is the only, absolute real existence, and all things in the universe originate from his unity. The universe (big world) and people (small world) are manifestations of Allah's omnipotent creation. They are illusory and temporary existences that will eventually return to the only Allah, which is the Sufi unity. The infinite vitality of heaven and earth: Tao
Taiyi: Qi
Two instruments: Yin and Yang
Three treasures: Essence, Qi, Shen
Four Symbols: Taiyin, Sun, Shaoyin, Shaoyang
Five Elements: Metal, Water, Wood, Fire, Earth
Liuhe: Upper, Lower, East, South, West, North< /p>
Seven Stars: Tianshu, Tianxuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang, Yaoguang
Bagua: Qian, Kun, Gen, Dui, Zhen, Xun, Kan , Li
Nine palaces: Qian palace, Kan palace, Gen palace, Zhen palace, Zhong palace, Xun palace, Li palace, Kun palace, Dui palace
Ten heavenly stems: A, B, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui
The twelve earthly branches: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai< /p>
The twenty-four solar terms: Beginning of Spring, Rain, Waking of Insects, Vernal Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Beginning of Summer, Xiaoman, Ear Grain, Summer Solstice, Minor Heat, Major Heat, Beginning of Autumn, End of Summer, White Dew, Autumnal Equinox, Cold Dew, Frost Descent, Beginning of Winter, Light Snow , heavy snow, winter solstice, minor cold, and major cold. Taiyi originated from ancient philosophical concepts that represent one of the links in the origin of the world, and describe the nature of Qi. In ancient China, "Tai" was also written as "Da" or "Tai", and "Yi" was also written as "Yi". "Tai" is the first and highest, and "One" is the only one that has no right and is not divided into one. "Zhuangzi·Tianxia" calls Laozi Guan Yinzi's theory "the Lord of Taiyi". According to the understanding of modern scholar Zhang Dainian, "Tai" in "Taiyi" means "before" and "beyond", so "Taiyi" is What Laozi calls "Tao" (see the "Table of Core Concepts of Tao" above). He said: "Everything in the world is born from existence, and existence is born from nothingness." He also said, "Tao generates one, one generates two, two generates three, and three generates all things." "One", "two", and "three" are all "existence" . Tao gives birth to one, which gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives rise to all things. The converse correspondence is: the three treasures belong to two rituals, the two rituals belong to Tai Chi, and Tai Chi belongs to Wuji. The core concept of Tao is "Wuji", which originally means "boundless and endless" and comes from "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou". Wuji also refers to an ancient philosophical thought that refers to the concept of the ultimate nature of Tao, which is the ultimate of formlessness. Taoists believe that "being" is born from "nothing", and they also believe that "being" is born from "dao", but we cannot think that "dao" is "nothing" from this. The Tao Te Ching never mentions that "dao" is "dao" "No", if there is, it will be unless it was added by a later person. The relationship between Tao and "being" and "nothing" is and can only be that Tao produces "being" from "nothing". Moreover, the nature of Tao is not "nothing", but the natural "nature", that is, the formless state, its original appearance. "You" refers to the positive and negative material world or all things Yin and Yang. For example, creation religion believes that "ultimate" creates "being" from "nothing", so it can be said that "being" is born from "nothing", and it can also be said that "being" is born from "ultimate". The ultimate is absolute free will, which can be seen in the comparative study of religions. This is like a person using a pot to cook food. It is right to say that the food comes from the pot, and it is right to say that the food comes from the person, but it cannot be considered that the person is the pot. People have free will. Therefore, it is obviously a fallacy to equate the "ultimate" of creation religion with "nothing". "Wuzhen Chapter" "Tao generates a qi from nothingness, and then produces yin and yang from the qi, and the yin and yang combine to create three bodies, and the three bodies give birth to all things and prosper all things." It is very clear that Tao and nothingness are listed as two things, and nothingness is just Tao The authorized person used to produce all things. Zhu Yuanyu also described the form of Tao: The Tao originally has no direction or body, it is completely empty, it cannot be Tao, it cannot be named. It is called nothingness, it is called nature, and it is said that it has no Qi Ran. However, what we call void means that it is real; what we call non-existent means that it exists; what we call natural means that it must have causes and conditions; what we call it is that Qi is not seen, but Qi has already arisen, and the Tao is born. Therefore, it is said that "Tao generates Qi from nothingness." From this sentence, we can see that modifiers such as nothingness and nature are all named by "strong", and it is really impossible to name them. Tao is actually the same as the connotation of the creator God of all creation religions, but the denotation and development direction are different. The relationship between "you" and "nothing" is that "you" = "nothing". From the perspective of parity conservation, that is, the relationship of (+1-1)=0, +1 is positive matter, -1 is antimatter, positive and antimatter each constitute "being", unless positive and antimatter meet, they will be annihilated when they meet, just like space All things come into being, all things return to nothing, and the cycle repeats itself.
Being and nothing are two sides of the same coin, and one side of the coin is not higher than the other. If "being" is under Tao, then "nothing" is also under Tao. It is impossible for Tao to be above "being". Tao is synonymous with "nothing", which is another angle to avoid fallacious concepts. Intangible things are not "nothing". For example, thoughts are intangible, but they are not nothing. Free will is also invisible, but it can direct people to exercise power over the object world. Of course, it is not nonexistent. Being shapeless is just their shape, it doesn't mean they never existed. Next we come to the true concept of the One. The first thing Tao transforms into is innate Qi. This Qi is not Qi, but the energy of the spiritual body, which is Qi. The Concept of Taiyi According to the "Table of Core Concepts of Tao", it can be seen that the nature of Qi is Taiyi. Qi refers to the formless thing on the water, that is, the energy needed by the non-material body. It is the energy needed by the first spiritual body of a person. It is more delicate than material energy and different from Qi. In traditional Chinese medicine, "Qi" refers to the innate Qi, while "Qi" refers to the acquired Qi. Taiyi means: the first and highest, the only unpaired and undivided one. Then the sentence "The nature of Qi is Taiyi" means: the nature of formless things is the first, highest, only unduplicated and undifferentiated nature. It can also be seen from the "Table of Core Concepts of Tao" that Taiyi and Tao are not the same. Tao gives rise to all things, Tao is the creator, and Taiyi is the nature of the first ring "Qi" that creates all things. However, it is not surprising that the ancients used it as "Tao" from time to time. In "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", "Tai Yi" refers to the material origin of the world. "Great Music" said: "Music... originates from Taiyi. Taiyi comes from two instruments, and two instruments come from Yin and Yang." "All things come from Taiyi and transform into Yin and Yang." He also said: "The Tao is the ultimate essence. That is, it cannot be given a shape or a name. If you give it a name, it is called Taiyi." The "Tao" or "Taiyi" of this "ultimate essence" is also the "essence", that is, the exquisite original matter. In "Book of Rites" "Tai Yi" also refers to vitality. "Book of Rites·Liyun" says: "The ritual must be based on the Great One, divided into heaven and earth, turned into Yin and Yang, transformed into the four seasons, and arranged into ghosts and gods." Kong Yingda believes that "Great One" is "Tai Yi" , "It must be based on the great one, which means that the heaven and earth are not divided into chaotic vitality." The proposal of the category of "Taiyi" reflects ancient Chinese philosophers' understanding of the unity of the world and the development process of things from simple to complex, from low-level to high-level. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Taiyi" was shaped by the feudal ruling class into "the noble one of the gods". Since then, "Tai Yi" is generally no longer used in the philosophical category. During the Warring States Period, the image of the God of Heaven was invisible, and the image of the emperor was not recorded in the literature. It may still be in human form or invisible. Although the descriptions of the Five Emperors are different in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Twelve Chronicles" (the same as "Book of Rites, Yue Ling") and "Historical Records, The Chronicles of the Five Emperors", their shapes are all human-shaped. The Five Elements Gods gradually match green, red, yellow, white and black. The image of the Taiyi God in Chu may not yet have been formed. Since Taoists believe that Taiyi is invisible, it is difficult for Chu people to give it an image. Since gods can be called immortals, they should be in human form. Worship and Temple Worship The worship of the Five Emperors lacked the concept of a unified supreme god throughout the country, which was not conducive to the consolidation of a unified central power. Therefore, a new god appeared above the Five Emperors, which was the Taiyi God. The so-called Taiyi, during the Qin Dynasty, was called Taihuang. Together with the Emperor of Heaven and the Emperor of Earth, he was also known as the Three Emperors. These were the three popular gods in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but it should be the credit of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to raise Taiyi God to the supreme status and become the emperor god respected by the rulers of the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the society of the Western Han Dynasty had recovered and developed. Due to the weakening of the power of the princes and kings, the centralization of power was increasingly strengthened, and a politically unified political situation had emerged. In the second year of Yuanguang (133 BC), the alchemist Miu Ji first asked to worship Taiyi God, saying that Taiyi, the noble god, was called the Five Emperors. In ancient times, the emperor used the Spring and Autumn Festival to offer sacrifices to the southeastern suburbs of Taiyi, using a large prison. Miu Ji put forward the plan to build the supreme God Taiyi, which broke the concept of emperors and gods from the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty. He clearly pointed out that the five emperors were only the assistants of Taiyi God, highlighting the status of Taiyi as the supreme god. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted this suggestion and ordered Taizhu to build the Taiyi altar in the southeastern suburbs of Chang'an to offer sacrifices according to Miji's plan. In the fourth year of Yuanding (113 BC), an ancient tripod was unearthed in Fenyang (now south of Hejin, Shanxi). The ministers regarded it as a precious tripod and regarded it as an auspicious sign. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered it to be brought to Ganquan. In the fifth year of Yuanding (112 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty officially established the Taiyi Altar (Taiyi) in Ganquan. The altar was divided into three floors. The Five Emperors were the assistants of Taiyi, so their altars were surrounded by green, red, white and black. The four emperors are arranged according to east, west, south and north. Only the Yellow Emperor Altar is located in the southwest. During the sacrifice, a white deer is killed and pigs and wine are put in its belly; a white yak is also killed and the white deer is put in its belly. Zhu Zai, who was in charge of offering sacrifices to Taiyi, was unique in that he wore purple embroidered clothes, while those who were in charge of offering sacrifices to the Five Emperors wore green and red clothes. In November of the same year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty held a grand suburban ceremony to worship Taiyi God in person, and officially appointed Taiyi as the supreme god of the Han family. The next year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to the Taiyi altar in person to worship the heaven. Beginning in the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Emperor Wu also took people to Mount Tai several times to hold grand ceremonies for the enshrinement of Zen, using the same ceremony as the Taiyi Temple in the Suburbs. Emperor Wu's praise speech said: Tian Zeng bestowed upon the emperor Taiyuan's divine strategy, and the cycle continued again and again, and the emperor worshiped Taiyi①. At this point, Taiyi, as the supreme national god of the Han Dynasty, was finally successfully created. Donghuang Taiyi Donghuang Taiyi is the original supreme god in Qu Yuan's literature "Nine Songs". This god's name is only found in the literary work "Nine Songs". Investigating its origin, it may be related to the main god "Tai" in ancient Chu mythology, the supreme god Taiyi in the Han Dynasty, the ancestor god Donghuang, etc.
Ancient Western Philosophy In ancient Western philosophy, the one means single, unique, without boundaries, without distinction, and itself as one. Plotinus, a Neoplatonic philosopher during the ancient Roman Empire, believed that everything in the world was produced by the One. The One is the absolutely transcendent God, the source and ultimate principle of all existence. It is absolutely beyond all thought and existence, and cannot be explained by any physical or ideological attributes. The One is the absolute One, which excludes variety and difference, movement and stillness; the One is not thought, will or activity; the One is timeless, infinite, eternal, unchangeable, has no past or future, and is always the self Same. Strictly speaking, we cannot use the determination of existence to say that the One is "like this" or "not like this". Such statement will limit it. Taiyi cannot be described in words or words. The creation of all things by the One is not an activity with will and consciousness, but a process of overflow (Emanation). The term "overflow" comes from Neoplatonism. Neoplatonism believes that God is the ineffable "One" and is infinitely perfect. But just as water overflows from itself, the One itself continues to flow outward. And these outflows of divinity are also "overflows." All existence in the world is an overflow from the One. It can be divided into several stages: first the "Nus" flows out, which is pure thought or mind, then the "Nus" flows out of the soul, and finally the lowest life flows out of the material world. The One has no cognitive activity, and cannot even know itself. But the human soul naturally has a love for the One and longs to return to the One. To this end, the soul must transcend the body, practice meditation, meditate hard, immerse itself in spiritual life, reach a state of ecstasy, and integrate with the One through intuition. The Theory of the One is a mysterious idealist theory based on Plato's Theory of Ideas that combines Neo-Pythagorean, Aristotelian and Stoic philosophy as well as Eastern religions. It was later used by the patristic philosophy. Other people named after the concept of Taiyi except Taiyi, the main god of the Han Dynasty. There are also examples such as Taiyi Jiao and Taishang Laojun. Du Tianshi Du Guangting compiled a lost line in "Taishang Laojun Shuo Chang Qingjing Sutra": ""Yinshi Xuanzhong Ji" says: Taishang Laojun often lives in Ziweiguan, or he is called the Emperor of Heaven, or he is called Taiyi to save suffering. , or the name is Jinque Sage. Therefore, it is known that Taishang followed Fang's design and should be called Infinite." There is a lost line in "Yuanshi Wumeiren Shangpin Miaojing" compiled by Li Shaowei, the founder of Qingwei School: "Yin Shi's "Xuanzhong Ji" said: Taishang. Laojun always resides in Ziwei Palace. He is the No. 1 Emperor, the No. 1 Taiyi Tianzun, and the No. 1 Golden Que Sage.
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