Etiquette and clothing knowledge of the Qing Dynasty
? Etiquette of the Qing Dynasty
Kowtow: Kowtow and kneel down is the greatest etiquette. I will perform this ceremony when I see you.
Bowing: The most common meeting etiquette, greetings while bowing, it is very humane to bow when meeting.
Clothing knowledge
Court clothes
The court clothes worn by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty were also called court robes. The difference between it and the dragon robe is: first, the dragon robe has no collar, while the court robe has a collar; second, the dragon robe is a four-part skirt with connected upper and lower garments, while the court robe is a skirt with separate upper and lower garments. robe.
The emperor’s court clothes are divided into two types: winter court clothes and summer court clothes. Winter court attire is a persimmon-shaped ceremonial robe with a round collar, horseshoe sleeves, a shawl on the right side, and an unconnected lower skirt that is worn by the emperor during court and sacrifices in autumn and winter. There are four colors: bright yellow, blue, red and moon white.
The general form of summer court clothes is similar to that of winter court clothes. It is the court clothes worn by the emperor during court ceremonies in spring and summer. However, its color and system are slightly different from winter court clothes. There are only three colors of summer court clothes: yellow, blue, and moon white, and their functions and occasions are the same as winter court clothes. It is made of only one type. The color of the collar and sleeves, the form and pattern of the whole garment are the same as the second style of winter court dress. However, the edges of the robe are all edged with gold edges, and depending on the temperature, there are also satin, gauze and It can be divided into single and long sleeves.
The emperor chose court uniforms of different shapes and colors according to his activities and time. The emperor wore bright yellow court clothes during the dynasty; blue court clothes when praying for valleys and praying for the sun in the southern suburbs; red court clothes when paying homage to the sun in the eastern suburbs; and moon-white court clothes when the moon fell.
3. End mask
End mask, called "snoring" in Manchu, was the name of clothing in the Qing Dynasty. In the clothing system of the Qing Dynasty, it was a round-neck, double-breasted, flat-collared garment worn by emperors, kings, senior officials, etc. instead of their official robes or patchwork gowns in winter over court robes, Jifu robes, etc. A fur coat with sleeves, knee length, and left and right hanging straps. According to the system of the "Qing Dynasty Huidian", there are several types of end caps: black fox, sable, green fox, mink, lynx, red leopard skin, yellow fox skin, etc.; according to the quality of texture, skin color and lining , the color of the belt and other contents are divided into eight levels to distinguish their identity and status.
IV. Bufu
Bufu was the official uniform in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is so called because its chest and back are decorated with patches embroidered with gold thread and colored silk. Usually civil servants embroider birds and military officers embroider beasts. There are regulations for the tonic patterns of each product. The Qing Dynasty stipulated that if a married woman was granted a title, she could also use Bufu, and Buzi would be ranked according to the rank of their father.
5. Court gown
One of the garments worn by the queen on formal occasions. During the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the uniform system was changed. The empress made three court gowns, all of which were azurite with a gold edge.
6. Court skirt
It is worn inside the outer coat and outside the slit robe, and is used during court greetings and sacrifices. The winter dresses of the Empress Dowager and the Empress are made of a piece of gold with a sea dragon edge, the upper part is made of red satin with golden longevity characters, and the lower part is azurite satin with dragon makeup. They are both full length and have pleats; the summer dress is made of gold edge and satin yarn. . Yu Rudong. The same goes for everyone down to the Crown Princess. The winter dress of a first-grade married woman is the same as that of a citizen's wife. It is made of gold with a sea dragon edge. It is made of red satin on the top and python red satin lined with azurite on the bottom. They are both full length and have pleats. The same is true for women of the third grade. Summer skirt, gold edge, satin yarn ready for use. Yu is like a winter skirt.
7. Chaozhu
Chaozhu is a kind of pendant for Qing Dynasty dress, hanging from the neck to the chest. There are 108 beads in total, with a large bead inserted between every 27 beads. Four large beads are called divided beads. They are said to symbolize the four seasons, and the materials of the beads are also different. Since the emperors of the Qing Dynasty believed in Buddhism, all emperors, concubines, fifth-rank civil servants, fourth-rank military officers and above, as well as bodyguards and Beijing officials, could wear court beads, and they could be used as gifts from the emperor.
8. Court boots
Qing Dynasty Emperor’s Clothing Men’s shoes in the Qing Dynasty were mainly shoes for casual clothes, and boots were only worn for official uniforms. The material of the boots is mostly black satin, and the style was initially square toe, and later pointed toe became popular. The emperor's costumes in the Qing Dynasty included court clothes, auspicious clothes, regular clothes, walking clothes, etc. When the emperor wore court clothes, he wore square-toed boots, which were the same color as the clothes and were decorated with black trim and embroidered with grass dragon patterns. This picture shows the Kangxi Dynasty boots embroidered with hooks and rice beads.
9. Court Belt
The prince's court dress, with gold title and jade square plate four. Each plate is decorated with four Eastern beads and one cat's eye stone in the middle. The belt and sash on the left and right sides are made of golden color. The band is wide and sharp. The pro-dynasty belt system is the same. For the county dynasty belt, each plate is decorated with two east beads and one cat's eye stone. The rest of the system is like the prince's court belt
10. Covenant
In the Qing Dynasty, empresses, concubines, concubines and concubines wore ornaments around their necks to distinguish their status. The same terms are used for concubines, concubines and concubines.
The gold level is distinguished by the gold cloud patterns engraved on it, the number of jewels inlaid on it, and the shape of the beads hanging from the back of the head.
Jifu type
Jifu was the clothing of the Qing Dynasty in the past, second only to court clothes. It was a relatively high-level clothing.
Jifu includes Gongfu and dragon robe. The Jifu gown of the Qing Dynasty has the same style as the dragon gown. It is a robe with a round collar, double placket, left and right vents, and straight cuffs. Depending on the identity of the characters, the embroidered patterns are different. For example, the auspicious gowns worn by the ladies of the Zhenguo Duke, the Min Gong's wife, the Fu Guo Gong's wife, the princess to the third-rank wives are all embroidered with eight groups of flowers, which are in azurite color.
Jifu crown
A type of official hat in the Qing Dynasty. It is an official hat worn when wearing Jifu. It is also a hat worn by officials in daily life. The Empress Dowager and Queen Jifu in the Qing Dynasty Crown, smoked mink for it. It is embellished with Zhuwei and the top is decorated with East beads. The imperial concubine and the imperial concubine are the same. Coral is the top choice for first-class women. The tops of the second-grade women are made of engraved coral, the third-grade women are made of sapphires, the fourth-grade women are made of lapis lazuli, the fifth-grade women are made of crystal, the sixth-grade women are made of turtles, and the seventh-grade women are made of plain gold. Generally speaking, they are the same as those of male officials.
Other types
Ordinary clothing
The imperial uniforms of the Qing Dynasty included ordinary crowns, ordinary robes and ordinary gowns, which were the only category other than ceremonial and auspicious clothes. Clothes that can be worn with beads. Regular clothes were a type of clothing that the emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty wore most throughout their lives. In the political activities of the Qing Dynasty, sacrifices and fasting activities occupied most of the time. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty had to complete their missions every year during the complicated periods of burning incense, praying and frequent fasting.
Xingfu
Xingfu is a unique type of clothing in the Qing Dynasty uniforms, and it is limited to men. It is the clothing worn by emperors and princes and officials when they go out for patrols, hunting and battles. It is closely related to the Manchu custom of riding and shooting and traditional clothing. Its characteristic is that it is convenient for riding and shooting. The walking uniform includes five parts: walking crown, walking robe, walking coat, walking skirt and walking belt.
Rain clothes
The clothes worn by emperors, princes and officials when it rains, including rain crowns, raincoats and rain clothes. When wearing, the raincoat is worn inside and the rain clothes are tied outside. The emperor's rain crown has two types: winter and summer. The winter rain crown has a high top and deep front eaves, while the summer rain crown has a flat top and open front eaves. The emperor's crown is bright yellow, those from the prince to the third-rank civil and military officials are red, and those of the seventh, eighth, and ninth-rank civil and military officials are cyan with a red edge.
Casual clothes
Casual clothes in the Qing Dynasty came in various forms, including casual robes, shirts, cloaks, mandarins, waistcoats, coats, shirts, trousers, chaps, etc.