Abstract: Exegetics is an interpretation of China's ancient books, and it is a comprehensive applied discipline. The interpretation and reading of China's ancient books all begin with words, and the ultimate goal is to understand the will of words. Exegetics is a branch of linguistics and philology in China, and it is a comprehensive subject, which is not equal to semantics and semantics.
Exegetics does not belong to the category of linguistics and philology. Exegetics does not mean philology plus pragmatics.
Since the revival of exegetics in 1980s, the research team has been growing and academic works have been published. This door is almost unique.
This ancient discipline has stepped out of the once little-known and neglected predicament and thrived in the academic forest of contemporary China. Anyone who dabbles in ancient China
Cultural scholars pay attention to and expect the field of exegetics to varying degrees. 10 years of research on exegetics, combing the achievements of predecessors.
Climbing comb has not only opened up new fields that have never been seen before, but also made efforts for the modernization of traditional academics. It can be said that outstanding achievements have contributed. however
Regrettably, the nature of this subject, the most fundamental theoretical issue, has rarely been discussed in depth for a long time. although
Therefore, after all, this is an unavoidable problem in the study of exegetics, and many scholars have roughly described its position in the scientific coordinate system. These words
Scattered in works such as Introduction to Exegetics.
This paper summarizes the research status of the nature of exegetics, and comments on the common related works. When listing various statements, publish or distribute them according to their works.
The time of the table is continuous. As far as I can see, there are only 1 papers devoted to the nature of exegetics, and there are more than 10 works on the nature of exegetics. return
Generally, four viewpoints can be drawn from the discussions of various scholars.
1, exegetics is semantics | semantics
Zhou Dapu's Outline of Exegetics: "Exegetics studies semantics. Exegetics is also semantics. " (Hubei Publishing House, 1980, 1 page.
) Wu Mengfu's General Theory of Exegetics: "Exegetics is the study of semantics." "China's traditional exegetics is equivalent to semantics." (Anhui Education Press)
She, 1983, 1, 16) Lu Zongda and Wang Ning's Methodology of Exegetics: "It (refers to exegetics, the author) is actually ancient Chinese.
Lexicology. ""Exegetics is the predecessor of China's scientific semantics. " (China Social Sciences Press, 1983, 5 pages) Chipero
Ng @ ① Introduction to Exegetics: "Exegetics is an academic study on the meaning of ancient Chinese." "Exegetics can also.
It is called' ancient semantics'. (Zhonghua Book Company, 1984, 1 page)
After the spread of western learning to the east, various western academic thoughts violently impacted the self-contained Chinese studies. In the conflict between Chinese and western cultures, some scholars began to emphasize
Re-examine the position and value of traditional disciplines and try to find its corresponding position in the modern scientific system. The traditional phonology of Primary School is divided into three parts.
In connection with scientific phonetics, the study of formalism is in the same strain as the study of scientific Chinese characters. As for exegetics, some people naturally agree with modern semantics. This recognition
Good intentions are understandable, but it goes without saying that this is indeed a simple comparison. Scmantics is a western philosopher.
Linguists have jointly created an interdisciplinary knowledge. Because of the different research emphases, there are philosophical semantics and linguistic semantics. no
It's just that philosophical semantics is very different from exegetics, and even linguistic semantics is difficult to compare with exegetics.
1. 1 different subjects.
"Semantics is a subject that studies meaning, especially language meaning." (1) That is to say, semantics directly studies languages at all levels.
Phonetics or phonetic units. Its purpose is to reveal the meaning of language or speech units, especially words and sentences, and to find out the relationship between symbols and their referents.
So as to guide people's speech activities. The direct research object of exegetics is exegetics. Any humanities discipline is guided by a certain human culture.
If you like it, then there will be a corresponding discipline, and the research object of this discipline must be the corresponding humanistic phenomenon. As the research object of linguistics
It is language, the research object of history is history, and the research object of exegetics is undoubtedly exegetics. Exegetics is a book to explain and dredge ancient Chinese language, exegetics.
Learning is a method to grasp the essence of exegetics, reveal the laws of exegetics and summarize exegetics through the discussion of exegetical materials and activities. Its purpose is to
Guide the interpretation of ancient books. Scholars who hold the theory of exegetics, namely semantics or semantics, confuse the domain of exegetics and exegetics, so they confuse exegetics and semantics.
Equality. Exegetics is an activity, and the resulting litigation text is the exegetical materials we see today, such as the attached text and elegant annotations.
Such as exegetical books. Their direct object is the characters in China's ancient books, and they only point out how to interpret a certain word, but don't ask why they should interpret it this way.
This has a lot of overlap with semantics. Exegetics is the systematization and theorization of exegetical materials, such as Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi and Wang Niansun's Shuo Wen Jie Zi.
Reading magazine, Guang Zheng and Zhang Taiyan are waiting. They reveal the law of why a word is interpreted in this way from different aspects, and none of them.
To the same extent, exegetical materials are theorized. People can understand the interpretation and reading methods of China's ancient books. Therefore, exegetics and semantics not only oppose
Different, different tasks. In addition, semantics studies the meaning of words and sentences that live in people's mouths, while exegetics explores how to understand and explain them.
The significance of ancient documents. This is another diachronic difference.
The range of 1.2 is different.
Today, semantics, no matter which school, has not surpassed the meaning of words and sentences. The research object of exegetics is
The interpretation of words and sentences is the core content of exegetics, but exegetics is not just the interpretation of words and sentences. The exegetical data show that exegetics needs to distinguish ancient times besides explaining words and sentences.
Yu Yue's Doubtful Cases of Ancient Books is a masterpiece. It can also show the meaning of articles, such as Mencius Zhang Sentence and Wang Yi's Chu Ci.
The chapter is. There are also those that mainly explore classics, such as Shan Li's Notes on Selected Works. In addition to collating, Wang Niansun's Reading Magazine and Yu Yue's Ancient
There are many brilliant proofreading in the examples of book doubts. These are the problems that must be solved in the interpretation and reading of China's ancient books, so they naturally become the paradigm of exegetics.
Wai. In the exegesis of Historical Records, there are more evaluations and supplements of historical facts, such as Sima Zhen's Historical Records and Zhang Shoujie's Historical Records Justice. And Pei Songzhi note.
The History of the Three Kingdoms lists more than 200 kinds of works of Wei Jin people, with a total number of words more than three times that of the main text, which supplements and corrects historical facts. In the above aspect,
So far, no semantics have been involved. Looking through the exegetical books, we can find that exegetists attach great importance to the interpretation of words and sentences.
In addition to the core, with the different nature of the exegetical text, the exegetical content also has its own emphasis. There are many classical exegesis and explanations, and there are also many exegesis and textual research on historical facts of famous works.
Exegetics and semantics have different research objects and different research scopes, so they cannot be considered as homogeneous disciplines. Of course, we do not exclude semantic research.
The results of sememe analysis and semantic field theory are absorbed and used for reference as the "stones from other mountains" of exegetics.
2. Exegetics is a branch of linguistics | philology in China, and it is a comprehensive subject, which does not mean semantics | semantics.
Lu Zongda's On Exegetics: "Exegetics used to be the general name of document linguistics ... Exegetics is not simply equivalent to semantics, it is
It includes all aspects of the study of ancient Chinese. "(Beijing Publishing House, 1980, 168) Yin Menglun's Commentary on Exegetics and
Foresight: "Exegetics is a branch of China linguistics, which takes semantics as the core, explains language with language, and correctly understands and uses language."
The science of vocabulary. Therefore, it is a comprehensive science, with interpretation, translation (correspondence) and related knowledge. ""We should pay attention to exegesis.
Although semantics is the core, it is not limited to the scope of semantics. Therefore, exegetics is different from western semantics. "(Wen Shizhe 1.
Zhang Jian commented on exegetics: "According to the modern scientific system, exegetics can be said to be philology."
Department A is a discipline that mainly studies ancient documents from the perspective of Chinese. It is related to philology (such as philology and collation) and various departments of Chinese.
Branches of linguistics (such as lexicology, phonology, grammar, rhetoric) and other humanities (such as history
, archaeology, ethnology); It needs to comprehensively apply the theories, methods and achievements of these disciplines to achieve its own research purpose.
(Huazhong Institute of Technology Press, 1985, page 20) Xu Jialu's The Nature of Exegetics and Others: "A Study of Exegetics in the Modern Sense.
This paper studies the exegetical practice before Confucius and the incomplete exposition of this practice by the ancients. This determines that it is an applied and comprehensive course.
A simple subject. ""If we must compare with the disciplines in western linguistics, we can think that exegetics is close to philology and pragmatics.
Learning, but further away from semantics. "(journal of social science of hunan normal university, 1986 supplement, special collection of ancient Chinese) Introduction to Xu Exegetics.
Exegetics is not only an important part of China's traditional linguistics, but also an important part of philology, phonology, semantics, historical grammar and classical Chinese rhetoric.
Comprehensive application of science and collation. It is closely related to semantics, but it is not equal to semantics. ..... From this point of view, we should recognize exegetics.
Science is such a discipline: it is an independent discipline with ancient literature exegetics as the research object and semantics as the main research content, and it is linguistics.
Technical science with comprehensive and practical characteristics (refer to some viewpoints of Bai). (Shanghai Education Press, 1987, 13.
Page), see Bai's point of view in his Concise Exegetics (Zhejiang Education Press, 1984).
Although the statements of the above scholars are different, their core meaning is the same. Exegetics is a branch of China linguistics or China literature.
A comprehensive subject. They all keenly pointed out that exegetics is not semantics or semantics, and explained its comprehensiveness to varying degrees. This is undoubtedly very
Very insightful. However, this seemingly safe definition does not reveal the essence of exegetics, but clearly points out its concept, and
Explain the relationship between exegetics and many disciplines. What are the characteristics of exegetics? They haven't been highly summarized yet. Even in linguistics or English.
Literature is its concept, and there are many things to discuss.
2. 1 Exegetics does not belong to the category of linguistics | philology.
Linguistics and philology in the sense of modern science are both imported, not inherent in traditional Chinese studies.
Family name. It is inevitable to find a place for local exegetics in the framework of western academic linguistics or philology, because
Because this is an academic tree growing in two different cultural backgrounds, it is generally ok in comparison, but it is more difficult to correspond specifically. Define the properties of a topic.
The key is to find the difference. In other words, it must be detailed and thorough, and general comparison is useless. If we only rely on later generations' written exegesis
To define the nature of exegetics, saying that it belongs to linguistics or philology, because the exegetics we understand now is the interpretation of ancient books.
Facial language. However, when exegetical activities were in the ascendant, it was not only Gu Yan who was interpreted and dredged. As long as we can respect the exegetical facts, we can avoid skipping training.
Do not pay attention to the generalization of the meaning of the text, the examination of different texts, the analysis of the motivation of word formation, the collation of ancient books, and the authenticity of historical facts.
If you haven't seen it, you have to admit that these are not covered by modern linguistics or traditional China literature. (2) the Qing Confucianism Dai Dongyuan's "Mencius Word Meaning Shu"
Zheng is a philosophical work, which is farther away from linguistics or philology, but we have no reason to say that it is not an exegetical work. This foot
It shows that it is not appropriate to put exegetics into linguistics or philology, just like holding a willow branch to find its inherent position on the trunk of a field tree. of course
We are not opposed to the grafting of traditional Chinese studies with modern science, let alone the absorption of research results of modern linguistics or other humanities by exegetics. Because of training
Exegetics is an open and comprehensive discipline since it came into being. As long as it is useful for the interpretation and reading of China's ancient books, it should be absorbed by exegetics.
Take it.
2.2 Exegetics does not mean philology plus pragmatics.
The non-linguistic factors in exegetics, as mentioned above, cannot be limited to philology, so it is not philology in a strict sense. pragmatics
As a scientific term, it was first used by American philosopher Charles Morris in the book Fundamentals of Symbol Theory in the late 1930s.
65438-0977, Journal of Pragmatics was officially published in the Netherlands. Since then, pragmatics has become an independent emerging discipline. "Pragmatics (prag
Matics, that is, pragmatics of language, is a new field of linguistics, which studies specific discourses in specific situations, especially in different languages.
How to understand and use language in verbal communication environment? [3] Its main object is sentences, and it studies the specific meaning of sentences in specific situations. We only
Oral pragmatics and prose exegesis have the same purport in some aspects, and their research results are such as premise theory and cultural factors in communication.
Can and should be absorbed by exegetics. However, exegetics is incompatible with philology and pragmatics. Therefore, although Mr. Xu Jialu is a traditional trainer,
The modernization of divination points out a new way, but this reluctant comparison is unnecessary and unsatisfactory.
The written language of ancient Chinese is indeed an important part of the study of exegetics, but the research content of exegetics is not only the written language of ancient Chinese, but also not straight.
Pick up the object. Its direct object is exegetics. Because exegetics is the interpretation of the text, exegetics is the study of how to interpret the text. The carrier of the text is the recording language.
Of course, the interpretation of words should start with language, but it is inevitable to grasp some professional texts only by discussing language.
I lost weight. Understanding classics requires knowledge of ancient philosophy, history and astronomical calendar.
Knowledge. To say that exegetics is not linguistics or philology is not to belittle exegetics, but actually reflects the characteristics of China culture in a certain field.
Sign. Of course, we don't want to be arrogant for no reason and raise its status. Just want to know and grasp its characteristics realistically, so as to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and then
Learn from each other's strengths and realize the modernization of traditional academics.
3. Exegetics is hermeneutics.
Shen Xiaolong's exegetics: the frontier of China's cultural interpretation —— Comment on Zhang Shilu's exegetical thought in Zhang Shilu's Linguistic Essays.
It is pointed out that the nature of China's exegetics is hermeneutics rather than word semantics. China's exegetics is not a simple theory of word meaning, but a great theory.
Part of practical research is a tool for readers to read or recognize words. It is heterogeneous with semantics. "(Reading 198.
I don't have Mr. Zhang Shilu's original work at hand. According to the doctor's book review, Mr. Zhang's definition of the nature of exegetics is really ingenious.
Stop. This is his unique understanding after more than half a century of infiltration of traditional exegetics and modern linguistics. Although exegetics cannot be compared with western hermeneutics
In the same breath, but after all, it broadens our thinking for us to grasp the essence of exegetics scientifically.
Hermeneutics, also known as hermeneutics, hermeneutics or hermeneutics, "can be broadly defined as the understanding and interpretation of meaning."
Theory or philosophy "[4]" In contemporary society, hermeneutics is mainly regarded as social science philosophy, art and language philosophy, cultural philosophy and literary criticism.
The emergence of critical theory. [5] It is a philosophy and an interdisciplinary methodology. It is obvious that exegetics is regarded as hermeneutics.
Yes Because exegetics studies how to interpret ancient Chinese. China's exegetics has no philosophy and general formula, no matter in the past or now.
The form of legal theory, so it is better to put it another way.
Exegetics is a branch of China ancient culture, which has the comprehensive characteristics of China traditional culture, while western science is becoming more and more comprehensive.
However, the vast majority of existing disciplines are still the products of increasingly fine scientific division of labor. Will be two different cultural backgrounds, thinking towards completely different scientific systems.
A simple comparison of some subjects in Chinese will inevitably lead to a situation of square chisel.
4. Exegetics is a subject that studies the correct interpretation of language.
Huang Kan wrote in Notes on Huang Zhuo's Exegetics: "Exegetics is its original name. The trainer is very obedient. That is, extension. Exegetics is used by exegetics.
Language explains its meaning. If we use the language of this place to explain the language of other places, or use the language of the past to explain the language of today, it is exegesis, not the original.
Reason. The real exegetics is to explain the language from the perspective of language, explore its French style and example sentences, and find the system and root of the language.
The source is also. (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1983, 18 1 page) Hong Cheng exegetics: "The task of exegetics is to explain language. Critical Interpretation of Ancient Literature
It is to study how to correctly understand and interpret the language, that is, to explain clearly how to annotate the language. "(Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1984,
4 pages) Guo Zaiyi's "Exegetics": "In short, exegetics is only a perceptual and individual analysis, and exegetics is improved to be rational and comprehensive.
We can organize and systematize a lot of fragmentary exegetical knowledge. "Then Huang Kan, Jipei ró ng @ 1 said to prove it, and then in the system.
In addition, originality and practicability are also put forward. (Hunan People's Publishing House, 1986, pages 3-4)
Apart from Huang Kan's general remarks and Guo Zaiyi's vague remarks, Hong Cheng's remarks are the most understandable. He started with exegetics, which naturally led to exegetics.
Exegetics is the conclusion of studying how to correctly understand and explain language. This conclusion is close. The essence of exegetics is the interpretation of the text, which determines it.
Exegetics can only study how to interpret the text. Just limit the scope of interpretation to language, and then stick to the meaning of the word exegetics. If you ignore it
Non-linguistic factors in exegesis materials In the development of exegetics, if exegetics is limited by the meaning of the word exegetics, it will inevitably appear too narrow to meet the needs.
. At the beginning, the name of a subject was about as the name suggests, but the later development was unexpected. So future generations are defining someone
The nature of the subject can only be judged according to the actual situation of the subject later, otherwise it is disrespect for objective facts.
We believe that exegetics is an interpretation of China's ancient books and a comprehensive applied discipline. The problems encountered in the interpretation of China's ancient books are as follows.
Exegetics is inevitable. Dai Zhen, a famous exegetical master in the Qing Dynasty, said in "On Harmony for the Bell": "Those who study classics are also Taoist; So Ming Dow.
Words also; What can become words is also words. Word for word, word for word. "This is to say that reading China ancient books, we should start with the text, and then we can do it.
Understand the thoughts of sages. Although what Dai said only mentioned the classic explanation, it is a matter of exegetical interpretation. Why can't it be spread out: the interpretation and reading of China's ancient books are based on words.
The ultimate goal is to understand the meaning of the text. The reason why Shangshu is difficult to understand is that the language is ancient and abstruse, and the reason why Yijing is mysterious and difficult to understand is probably that.
Yu Yili covers everything. Therefore, the exegesis of Yijing can not only explain words and phrases, but also pay attention to the fact that Shanhaijing must be supported by ancient geographical knowledge and explained in Huangdi Neijing.
Classics must be assisted by medical knowledge. Otherwise, you bet more than you don't. In fact, there are few pure China researchers in China's ancient exegetics, and Xu Shen is even more "unparalleled in the Five Classics"
Zheng Yun is a master of Confucian classics, while Yang Xiong is a writer and philosopher. This shows that without rich knowledge, only learning Chinese can't be a training.
Master's. A master of exegetics must be a sinologist at the same time, and sinologists are not necessarily exegetics masters.
Precautions:
① See Mao's Semantics: Interdisciplinary Learning, press, 1988, preface, p. 1.
② See the Chinese translation of R.R.K Hartman, F.C. Stoke Dictionary of Language and Linguistics, 198 1 Edition, 200-20 1 Page, 2.
Page 56.
③ See He Ziran's Introduction to Pragmatics, Hunan Education Press, 1988, p. 3.
④ See Zhang Rulun's Exploration of Meaning-Contemporary Western Hermeneutics, Liaoning People's Publishing House, 1986, Introduction, p. 1.
⑤ Same as ⑤ Page 3.
Notes about words not stored in fonts:
@ 1 words Wang Jiarong
I hope it helps you.