Keywords Yang Bojun; Annotations on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period: Annotation Arrangement
Zuo Zhuan is China's first complete chronicle history book. This book mainly describes the historical events of various vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period and their mutual relations, with a wide range of contents and rich and detailed accounts. It vividly reflects the social outlook in the Spring and Autumn Period. Because of its important historical value, people who comment on the research and analysis of Zuo Zhuan emerge in endlessly, and a large number of valuable new works emerge.
In modern times, the annotation that has made an innovative breakthrough in the research results of the ancients is Mr. Yang Bojun's Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Yang Ben's Annotations on Chunqiu Zuozhuan have outstanding features, rich annotations, complete annotations and extensive quotations. Also follow the principle of seeking truth from facts, respect historical facts, and truly reproduce the social outlook at that time. In the method of interpretation, it follows the ancient system and combines meaning, form and sound to explain. It is more illustrative to analyze the problem-solving methods of sentences one by one. No matter the interpretation of words or sentences, under each category, it can be divided into various sub-categories, each category has its own characteristics, but it has formed a unified interpretation system. In the research of historical facts, Yang Ben's Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period has comprehensively sorted out ancient books, and selected the old notes and used them as appropriate according to actual needs. In a note, it integrates the collection, collation, phonetic notation and textual research of notes. This interpretation method is more reliable and rich, which is convenient for readers to read and use. There are also revision notes, publication preface, examples and bibliography in front of the text. This makes this book more complete and accurate, suitable for learners at all levels, and also points out the direction and provides research methods for readers to learn this book. The main purpose of this paper is to try to summarize the interpretation characteristics of Yang Ben's Notes on Chunqiu Zuozhuan through analysis and comparison.
First, respect for historical facts and strong textual research.
Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Annals is a historical book, and there is no room for fiction and imagination in the study of history. Regarding the historical facts recorded in his book, he removed the false from the true and made in-depth and detailed textual research. If the same historical fact is recorded in other historical books, Mr. Yang compares their similarities and differences and makes a judgment. If he can't judge, he will never attach his meaning, but solve it by reserving differences. Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period was written earlier and quoted many books. However, due to the limitations of the cited literature or history, the recorded events may have different versions. All these are recorded in notes and analyzed when necessary. In this way, we can not only accurately grasp the ins and outs of historical events, but also learn from each other's strong points through comparison, which is more convenient for readers to understand the characteristics of the chronicle of Chunqiu Zuozhuan. For example, "Eighteen Years of Zuo Wen Zhuan Gong" has such a description: "Wen Gong's two concubines, respecting the victory and announcing the public." The original text is only nine words, but Yang Zhu used more than two hundred words to explain it. He quoted Historical Records of Lu Shijia and Zuo Zhuan for comparison. People think that what Sima Qian said comes from Zuo Zhuan, but the record of the whole event is more detailed than Zuo Zhuan, so Lu Shijia's words are quoted to supplement Zuo Zhuan to make it more complete.
Due to the long history of Zuo Zhuan, many things recorded in it can't be found in documentary evidence or cultural relics evidence. Different scholars hold different views on some issues, and there is no unified explanation in academic circles. On this issue, Mr. Yang fully respects the historical facts, and when trying his best to find a solution, he noted the words "ancient doubt", "unknown" and "doubt". This fully reflects his scientific and rigorous academic attitude. For example, "Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Twenty-eight Years" records that he married Jia and had no children. Yu Qijiang gave birth to Mrs. Qin Mu and her eldest son Shen Sheng. There are different opinions about Qi Jiang. Du said to him, Qi Jiang, concubine of Wu Palace. "Jin Shu Shi Jia" says: Prince, his mother, the word Qijiang, died young. Gu's Table of Events (Volume 52), Doubts about Wei Qi, said that Qi will be the wife who was married before he acceded to the throne. Zhang's Zuo Zhuan Reader is also called Qi Jiang's concubine, who is not a mourning Hou, but a concubine of a dutiful son Hou. After textual research, Yang Ben thinks that these different views are unfounded. It's marked "Doubt is OK" at the back.
Yang Zhu used all available literature to analyze and study one by one, and found a more reasonable explanation through extensive collection and quotation. His uniqueness is that he does not make subjective assumptions, does not blindly follow the opinions of others, and fully respects historical facts.
Second, the classification of annotations is meticulous and comprehensive, and the annotations are rich and informative.
Mr. Yang's notes are quite rich in content, including historical knowledge, the system of names and things, customs and habits, and so on. For example, there are many contents about ancient "rites" in Chunqiu Zuozhuan, which are rather obscure. Yang Bojun elaborated on the "ceremony". It is usually compared with relevant records in Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji to explore the real situation of etiquette system in the Spring and Autumn Period. In exegetics, it is not only the interpretation of words and phrases in the original text, but also the sentence reading, phonetic notation and explanation of grammar. For example, in sentence reading, Yang Zhu adopted new punctuation marks, which not only punctuated biographies and notes, but also marked all other quotations. For some difficult sentences, Teacher Yang often takes notes, conducts detailed textual research, and corrects the shortcomings of the old notes. In the aspect of phonetic notation, pronunciation is the main method, and some express tones to distinguish meanings. For example, "Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Twenty-two Years": "Drinking Huan Gong wine is fun. Yang Note: Drink it, and get rid of its sound. Nowadays, we usually read drinking as rising tone, and here it is read as falling tone, which means to make someone drink. As a linguist, Mr. Yang is very strict in his interpretation of words and sentences. For example, there are many utensils, ritual vessels and costumes involved in Chunqiu Zuozhuan. There are many changes in names now, and it is difficult for us to see many objects today. If we don't know these names clearly, it will often affect our understanding of the overall meaning. Yang Zhu also attached great importance to the annotation of object names. He mainly shows these items to everyone by explaining their categories, characteristics, uses, origin and evolution of names. "Zuo Zhuan Ai Gong Eight Years" Yang Note: Kan is a Gramineae plant. Soak its stems, and then peel them off, thinking that ropes or sandals can repair houses, and the poetry pool and Martin East Gate can be soaked. This paper not only vividly explains the purpose of Pei, but also introduces its family and genus, which is more scientific. The comprehensive application of several methods enables readers to clearly understand these four things after reading, and the images on the paper are vivid. The original boring ancient Chinese has become full of vitality under his interpretation.
Thirdly, the introduction, deletion, simplification and simplification are explained in detail and appropriately.
Mr. Yang is the author of "Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period", and the cited bibliography covers astronomy, geography, phonology, writing, exegesis, grammar and rhetoric, clan pedigree and so on. At the same time, he also noticed that he absorbed the new materials found in modern underground archaeology, and flexibly applied some ancient cultural relics unearthed from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, silk scripts and bamboo slips to the annotations of Chunqiu Zuozhuan.
In the process of applying such a large number of complete and complete materials to annotations, Mr. Yang did not blindly accumulate them, but proofread them one by one in the spirit of removing the rough and selecting the best, learning from others. He carefully analyzed the previous research results in Zuo Zhuan with a scientific attitude and accepted good advice. On the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from our predecessors, we have fully explored and produced many insights. Many viewpoints have become new discussion and research contents.
The ancient people have different interpretations of Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals, but none of them have been verified. Yang's annotation saw this blank and broke the shackles. When commenting on Chunqiu Zuozhuan, I quoted Gongyang Zhuan and Liang Zhuan many times. For example, Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong Er Nian recorded the attack on the Confucius family. Yang's Note: "Gong and Yi Biographies think that they want to kill Kong's father first, which is different from that described in Zuo Zhuan." Zuo Zhuan is used in Song Shijia. We compare Gong Zhuan with Yi Zhuan, which not only highlights the important position of Zuo Zhuan, but also broadens the research horizon of Zuo Zhuan.
The above three points fully prove the reliability and scientificity of Yang Bojun's Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. This book combines the annotations of predecessors, connecting the preceding with the following, emphasizing argumentation and distinguishing difficulties. It is well-deserved to say that it is the best annotation of Chunqiu Zuozhuan in modern times. This book has made breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of inheriting previous studies, both in annotation content and arrangement style, and it is of great benefit to learners whether it is the study of Zuo Zhuan or the annotation and reconciliation of ancient books.
refer to
[1] Yang Bojun. Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 198 1.
[2] Wang Weifeng. Text Notes in Zuo Zhuan's Notes in the Spring and Autumn Period [J] Journal of Ancient Books Arrangement and Research, 1999, (02).
[3] Chen. Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period [J] Journal of Social Sciences of Jilin University, 2000, (04)
[4] Zhuang Jiandong. Query on Mr. Shen Yucheng's Translation of Zuo Zhuan [J] Journal of Xinxiang Normal University 2000, (03).