Taoism is formed by inheriting the development of Taoist thought.
Zhi Min Pavilion
How can the Taoist school be accepted by Taoism and become the theoretical basis for establishing education? To understand this reason, we have to trace it back to the source from Taoist works.
As early as the Warring States Period, the Huanglao School of Qi State had already combined Huangdi and Laozi into one. The so-called "Tao originated in the Yellow Emperor and melted into Lao Dan". However, at this time, the Huang-Lao School, as an academic, studied the thought of "governing by doing nothing, governing by nature" of Huangdi and Laozi, and did not deify Huang-Lao. Later, the Yellow Emperor became a fairy who rode a dragon to heaven. Laozi is also a suspicious person who "crosses the quicksand in the West and knows what to do". The book Laozi is called "subtle and difficult to understand", and many words can be used as the theoretical basis for cultivating immortals. Zhuangzi, the inheritance and micro-writing of the old school, the story of Huangdi's going to Kongtong to ask about Guang, the immortal described as "a virgin" on Guzhu Mountain, the "riding against the wind" of Laozi's successor Lieyukou, and the cultivation method of "Du Yuan thought the classics" all proved the theory of cultivating immortals. Zou Yan of Qi interpreted Hong Fan's five elements as "the destiny of five virtues" and founded the school of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Zou Yan's theory that "five virtues begin at the end" provides a theoretical basis for Qi Yan's alchemist to cultivate immortality. At the same time, there are many fairy tales circulating in the southern state of Chu. For example, Peng Zu lived to the age of 767 at the end of Yin Dynasty, without aging; Qu Yuan, a doctor in San Lv, can list so many immortals in his Songs of the South, and his farewell chapter can explain the Taoist scriptures of cultivating immortals in such detail. No wonder Feng Youlan said in the article "Re-discussion on the Philosophical Thought of Chu Ci": "The spiritualism in Qu Yuan's works can also be said to provide ideological information for the formation of Taoist thought." Mr. Feng Youlan said: "Huang Youlan, who was popular in the Warring States Period, said that Yu Peiming, Quegu Chiqi, and the guidebook (the latter two were found in the silk book unearthed in Mawangdui) all belonged to the Taoist method of nourishing life and Dan. Because the academic thought of Taoism is the inheritance of ancient culture, it has formed many factors. The main idea of "37 stories and 993 articles" recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi in the early Han Dynasty is "to get rid of jealousy and emptiness"; In addition, there is "Ten Immortals and 250 Volumes". " "Taoism" and "immortal" were still distinguished in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, but gradually merged together in the Eastern Han Dynasty and were incorporated into Taoism. Combining the influence of Buddhism introduced into China and the worship of Laozi by the emperor at the end of Han Dynasty, Laozi was officially deified by the emperor. In the eighth year of Yan Xi, Emperor Huan sent envoys to Kuxian Temple twice to see Lao Zi, once in the first month and once in November. In nine years, Emperor Huan also "visited Laozi in the Dragon Palace, thinking that the altar was decorated with gold hooks, covered with flowers and used suburban music". In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Laozi was regarded as the "Huang Lao Xue" for the administration of southern arts. Laozi was a human being, and by the end of the Han Dynasty, he became a "god". The "yellow" of the fairy was thus formed. From the time when Emperor Shun of Han paid a visit to a monastery in Langxie Palace, and Yu Ji, his teacher, received Taiping Ching Ling Shu from Quyang Spring, a primitive Taoist organization, Taiping Dao, was formed among the people. Taiping Road is dominated by Taiping Jing. According to Biography of Xiang Kai in the Later Han Dynasty, Taiping Jing said: "Its words are based on Yin and Yang and five elements, and there are many strange characters. "The idea of opposing plunder, saving people from suffering and pursuing an equal and ideal society in Taiping Jing is undoubtedly extracted from the ideological origin of Laozi. Shun Di in the later Han Dynasty. During the Han 'an period, Zhang Daoling founded another primitive Taoism in Sichuan-Wudou Midao, namely Shitiandao, also known as justice drive. Mi Dou Taoism is a compulsory course for Christians, with Laozi as the main classic. According to "Biography of Ada in the Later Han Dynasty" and "Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhang Lu", "I mainly used 5,000 articles of Laozi to make the capital learn". Old Woods Qian Wen was named after Zhang Lu's Final Edition of Five Thousand Words. In connection with the Twenty-seven Commandments for Losing My Own in the Taoist classics of Laozi discovered during the Qing and Guangxu Dynasties, it is considered that the founders of the Taoist annotations of Laozi should be Zhang Daoling to Zhang Lu. Old Xiangzi Jules was enriched and perfected at least when Zhang Lu finalized the 5,000-word version. Apart from the religious annotations of Laozi, Wudou Midao also combines immortals, alchemy, numerology, spells, symbols, internal and external alchemy and so on. Five Mi Dou Daoism developed directly from Laozi, and blended with Taoist thought.
Huang (Fang) originated from Huang Lao Xue and was peaceful, while Tao, as well as the Northern Daoism, Shangqing Daoism, Lingbao Daoism, Bojia Daoism and Louguan Daoism, which appeared in the Jin and Southern Dynasties, created many Taoist classics and Taoist classics through the efforts of various Taoists, laying a theoretical foundation for Taoism after Sui and Tang Dynasties. These writings cover a wide range and are "all-inclusive", which can be said to shine for our national culture. Looking back on the records of Yiwenzhi, Classics and other Taoist scriptures, we can clearly see the relationship between Taoism and Taoism.
Taoism was formed and developed in the territory of the Chinese nation, with a long history and splendid culture. It has the characteristics of Chinese national customs and national integrity, and it does not appear from "an inch of land and gold, a vast wilderness". Taoism has also absorbed some things from foreign religions, in order to enrich itself. There have been several religious struggles in history, and Taoism has also suffered setbacks from time to time, which is the result of ethnic contradictions and political struggles.
Taoism is the product of China culture. It is a product based on Taoist thought. In the words of Taoists themselves, Taoism is "the legacy of Huang Lao" and "the old banker's style", which is far-fetched.
Taoism Quanzhen School, founded in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, "its practice is to be intimate and see nature, to get rid of feelings and desires, to endure humiliation and mistreat others." The old man said: know his man and keep his woman; Know its white, keep its black; Know its glory and keep its shame. For the loss of Tao, the loss is also lost, so that nothing is done. Zhuang Sheng said: Wandering in the heart, harmony with desert, purity and regularity are better than madness. Outside the world, everything is left behind and deeply rooted. All those who are talented and intangible in virtue are true "("Ganshui Xianyuan Record Haotai Ancient Road Monument "). Although this passage did not involve the rectification movement of Quanzhen Neidan, the ancestors described Laozi and Zhuangzi accurately.
Therefore, to sum up, Taoism is formed by inheriting the development of Taoist thought.
Taoism and Taoism are inseparable.
Taoism in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties is different from Taoism after the Eastern Han Dynasty in appearance. How to combine them? It's because they have a common belief. Believe what? It's my way. Before Zhang Daoling founded Taoism in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was only "Tao" but there was no "Tao". However, the concept of "Tao" had long been lurking among the philosophers of "Tao", and then it gradually developed. Since Daoism came into being, there are only a few ancient books in Daoism, and no new works have been circulated. Do we blindly think that its successor will be cut off forever? Actually, it is not.
Throughout the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the whole "Tao" was completely enveloped by the philosophical spirit of "Tao", among which intellectuals, including people of various faiths at home, in opposition and at home and abroad, worshipped Lao Tzu. As for the way of seclusion, they all imitate Zhuangzi (Zhuangzi's qualification in Taoism is equivalent to Mencius of Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius are worshipped by Confucianism, and Taoism is called Laozi and Zhuangzi); The legend about wandering immortals is based on Liezi's fantasy, which is more vivid and descriptive (in Liezi's book, Liezi, Han and Liu Xiang all said that "it is mysterious and not a gentleman's word", but Liu Xiang has to admit that Liezi is a Taoist). In this case, the "Tao" in theory and the "Tao" in religion are inseparable.
Taoism has been rejected by Confucianism and ridiculed by the outside world since ancient times, but its own semi-WTO and semi-born style has always been in an invincible position. What is the reason? It is because its teachings are deeply rooted in people's hearts, spread in all walks of life, and meet the needs of the masses. When we study Taoism today, we must have a clear understanding of this important social issue, otherwise we can't accept it critically. Of course, the detractors are scratching their boots, and the praises may not be appropriate. In the past, scholars always wanted to know why Taoist philosophy was mixed with Taoist religious beliefs. Why did Laozi become a Taoist Buddha? They often write books and separate "Tao" from "Tao", which makes the old gentleman on the throne of Sanqing unstable, but those articles have no effect because they don't understand the psychology of the public and don't examine the historical roots of Taoism. This is just a scholar's opinion.