How do ancient books explain economy?

Economy is the creation, transformation and realization of value; Human economic activities are activities that create, transform and realize value and meet the needs of human material and cultural life. [3] The basic meaning of the interpretation editor is: (1) refers to the activities of social material production, circulation and exchange. Such as the rapid development of our agricultural economy. (2) living expenses; Family background. For example, the economy is rich and the economy is tight. Economy, people have their own consumption needs, so material resources can be recognized and defined. At the same time, commodities have their own boundaries and scope, which are effective because of people's needs. Such a temporal use based on people's needs is endowed with a superficial objective value under people's thinking cognition, which is generally accepted under people's certain thinking, thus forming a basic common sense of thinking. So we can determine the specifications of the goods. Under the mutual recognition of people, it can circulate, and there will be exchanges and transactions between people. At the same time, people have their own preferences and trade-offs, which determine the materials needed in every aspect. Perhaps, such a reasonable and orderly human activity based on the objective value of commodities and human self-will is for the sake of economy; In the economy, the principle of fair and free trade is determined by people's will and commodity value. At the same time, all kinds of consciousness, behavior, and transactions appear and occur under the understanding of people. Perhaps, the bearing of such a holistic conscious thinking is the field, which stretches freely with people's wishes. Interpretation of ancient books: foreign currency foreign currency (1). Yin Haochuan, Book of Jin: "It is enough to know its length, think well, do well, and make it clear from the beginning." Don Jiao Yuan's "Ganze Ballad Taoxian": "The literature of immortals can help; Call yourself detached and do not seek official travel. " Song Mei Yao Chen's poem Bianqu: "I am from Shan Ye, but I don't understand the economy." The third time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Baoyu caught a bad cold and said,' Girl, please sit in another room. I carefully kept people who know the economy like you! """(2). It refers to the ability to govern the country. Qing Dynasty's Preface to the Genealogy of Yuan Family (Yuan Keli) in Suiyang: "Taking Ming Classics as reference, the highest rank is Qinyuan Order, the officials are wise, chaste and clear, and the rank is full, so the talent economy is particularly important." "Peach Blossom Fan Show Miscellaneous" written by Confucius in Qing Dynasty: "The writing is sharp and euphemistic, affectionate and reasonable, so that it is not good at disobeying, nor dare to disobey, which shows the economy of all brothers in the world." Shen Tao's Notes on Jiao Cuixuan in the Qing Dynasty, Volume 1: "Shi Yanshi has written My Humble Opinion on Shipping, and scholars have a good understanding of the benefits of shipping from beginning to end. The third time in Travel Notes of Lao Can: "I heard that Mr. Bu Can is outstanding in knowledge and economy. "(3). It means less cost and more benefits. Lu Xun's letter to Li: "It is much more economical to set up a distribution office (one person and one room) in Beijing for the time being. "Zhu Ziqing's War History": "The author is a poet and can save words, so almost every sentence carries weight. "Guo Moruo's Hong Qubo, Chapter 4, Section 6:" At that time, we thought that the publicity effect of the film was great, and we planned to set up a second studio in Hong Kong, so it would be easier and more economical to get materials from overseas. "Financial, material, financial and material resources (4). Lu Xun's Letters to He: Selected Woodcuts of China will be printed in 24 copies, but due to economic reasons, only 120 copies can be printed. Ding Ling's Mother II: "Han Xiao is a poor child without a father. She can only read a little as far as the economy is possible. "(5) refers to the sum of social relations of production in a certain historical period. It is the foundation of politics, ideology and other superstructures. (6) refers to the national economy of a country. It also refers to a certain sector of the national economy. Such as industrial economy, agricultural economy and commercial economy. The etymology of lexical evolution (1) The evolution of the word "economy" was formally used in the Eastern Jin Dynasty at the beginning of the 4th century A.D. The word "economy" is a combination and simplification of the words "governing the country", "governing the country" and "helping the world", which means "governing the country and leveling the world". It is a very huge concept in China's ancient culture and literature, full of rich humanistic thoughts and social connotations. There is a saying in ancient Ming Lian that "the Western Han Dynasty was a double Sima, and the economy of Nanyang was Wolong", in which the economy means saving the country by economy. Moreover, we can see that the word "economy" represents one of the duties of ancient intellectuals and is a word with great depth, breadth and height. Those who can achieve the word "economy" must be able to rejuvenate the country and develop the industry and resist the enemy with force. Intellectuals in ancient times, especially those of Confucian school, would study and behave in accordance with the requirements of "three cardinal guides and eight aims" in universities, and the highest requirement of the three cardinal guides and eight aims is "governing the country and leveling the world", which is the most extroverted expression of the word "Jing" in ancient times. As for the modern word "economy", it is actually the result of introducing Japanese translation into China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Japanese set off a wave of industrial revolution, accepted, absorbed and publicized western culture, translated a large number of western books, and translated the word "economy" into "economy". In the New Culture Movement, the western culture learned from Japan spread to China, so the word economy was also quoted by China. Just like the word "philosophy", the word "philosophy" did not exist in ancient China. It was only through the Japanese translation of western theories that the word "philosophy" came into being. In ancient China, today's knowledge in philosophy was called "wisdom". (2) The etymology of English "economy" is in English, and economy comes from the ancient Greek word οινο μ α (housekeeping). ο ο means family, ν ο means method or habit. So its original meaning refers to the method of managing family property, which has expanded to the scope of managing the country in modern times. In order to distinguish it from the previous usage, it is also called "political economy". The name was later changed back to economics by Marshall. In modern times, if we only call it economics, we will consider the economy on the political economy or a broader level. So when it comes to economics, economics and political economy are synonyms. Concept 1, reference book explanation 1. Saving means saving in production or life. The former includes saving money, materials and labor. In the final analysis, it is to save labor time, that is, to use as little labor consumption as possible and produce as many achievements as possible that society needs. The latter means that individuals or families are careful in their daily consumption and meet their greatest needs with less consumer goods. In a word, economy is to obtain greater results or benefits by using fewer carrier forms of economic activities: manpower, material resources, financial resources, time and space. 2. Economy is the income and expenditure of a country, an enterprise or an individual, such as gross national product, total social output value, output and benefit of an enterprise, income and expenditure of an individual, etc. 3. Economy is the synthesis and simplification of the words "help the world through the country", "help the world through the country" or "help the people through the world". (For example, "Knowing the Bureau to Help" (The Book of Jin) and "Everyone has a way to help, but they don't agree" (Sui Shuo Wen, Volume 6). Its meaning includes how the state manages finance, how to manage various economic activities, how to deal with political, legal, military, educational and other issues, that is, the meaning of governing the country and calming the world; 4. Economy is family management (see Xenophon [Ancient Greece]: On Economy); 5. Economy is a kind of livelihood, a valuable thing necessary for life and useful for family and country (see Aristotle's: Politics in Ancient Greece). Explain that 1 and 2 reflect idioms in people's daily life; The third explanation is the usage of the word economy in ancient China; The fourth and fifth explanations are the usage of the word economy in ancient Greece. Second, the interpretation of traditional political economy works 6 pages. Economy refers to the sum of social relations of production. It refers to the sum of production relations or socio-economic systems that people form in the process of material production and are suitable for certain social productive forces, and it is the basis for the establishment of superstructure such as politics, law, philosophy, religion, literature and art; 7. Economy refers to the process of production and reproduction of social material materials. Including the direct production process of material data and the exchange, distribution and consumption process determined by it. Its content includes productivity and production relations, but mainly refers to productivity; 8. Economy refers to the national economy of a country. Including all the material production departments and their activities of a country and some non-material production departments and their activities. We usually talk about the economic situation of different countries from the perspective of national economy (this definition makes a logical mistake, that is, circular definition).