Representative physicians of past dynasties treated meat wheel, blood wheel, gas wheel, water wheel and water wheel, and the Song of Liu Haozhi's Eyes in the Tang Dynasty. Red eyes in the spleen, white heart and dark (deep) liver. Taiping Shenghui Fang in Song Dynasty has a gloomy, yellow-white face, white eyes connected with the meat wheel, and red and black. Although it has its name, it is hidden under the meat wheel. Upper and lower muscles, white eyes, black eyes, black eyes, etc. The upper and lower eyelids are different in size, with white eyes, black eyes and bright pupils. The two spleens are corresponding in movement and movement. Sometimes, they are open and closed, including four rounds of white eyes and four rounds of green eyes, which are unique and crisp, have the power to protect and cultivate pupils and take care of things. The classification of eye diseases is accurate and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation is reasonable. Before Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was no clear classification of eye diseases. There are only sporadic eye diseases in Neijing. There are 38 kinds of symptoms in Sui Fang's Theory of Staging Diseases and Pathogens, with pathological symptoms as the main symptoms and no prescription for them. In the Tang dynasty, Fang had seven unique eye diseases. Although it has a treatment for syndrome, it is extremely simple. In "On Long Mu", the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmopathy was initially divided into two parts: general theory and various theories. The general part introduces the general theory of etiology and the theory of five rounds. In each theory, eye diseases can be divided into two categories: cataract and extracapsular cataract, with 23 cases of cataract, 49 cases of extracapsular cataract and 72 cases of extracapsular cataract. Hierarchical, convenient to simplify the complex. Each theory of a syndrome describes the symptoms in front, clarifies the pathogenesis, lists the prescriptions and drugs in the back, maintains taboos, and includes songs to help memory. A complete ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment system has been initially formed, such as cataract, which is divided into round, ice, slippery, astringent, scattered, heavy, horizontal, new moon and jujube. The description of symptoms and signs has been quite accurate, such as "I can't distinguish the characters, only see the three lights", "the pupil is straight, the yang is small, and the yin is large", which basically conforms to the examination and understanding of modern medicine.
2. As for the etiology of ophthalmic diseases in Long Mu Lun, the internal cause is mostly visceral dysfunction, while the external cause advocates "wind and fire". The 23 syndromes of cataract are mostly viscera deficiency, deficiency of positive qi and excess of evil, and mixture of deficiency and excess. For example, the "Five Wind Obstacles" are based on the deficiency of the viscera and liver wind, the "Five Wind Obstacles" are due to the disharmony of the viscera and qi, and the "Qi stagnation" and "Moon stagnation" are due to the accumulation of heat in the liver and kidney deficiency. Among the 49 syndrome types of external eye diseases, including eyelid, white eye, canthus and dark circles, although it is considered that various causes can cause diseases, it is emphasized that wind and fire are the most common diseases. Wind is yang evil, which is easily affected by upper qi, and it is most likely to hurt the eyes with heat. For example, mixed eye disorder and pearl-like dark spots are all "exogenous toxic wind", which causes wind-fever disease, fetal wind rot, sudden heat, red eyes and pterygium eye climbing. While emphasizing the pathogenic factors of six evils, especially wind and heat, we also attach importance to the imbalance of viscera, stagnation of pathogenic heat and the combination of internal and external evils. If the yellow membrane is flushed, it is considered that the disease is the most urgent, which is caused by "wind-heat and toxic evil" and "excessive stomach heat" in the treatment of exogenous diseases. This book focuses on relieving diarrhea and clearing heat. Ophthalmopathy consists of deficiency and excess, which are often mixed with deficiency and excess. The treatment methods listed in this book are mainly to drive away evil spirits, such as expelling wind and clearing heat, promoting qi and blood circulation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, dredging fu-organs and purging heat. Notopterygium, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Asarum and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae are commonly combined with Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Scrophulariae and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, which embodies the idea of "stagnation of fire" in Neijing.
3. The external treatment method is relatively complete, and it is the first in traditional Chinese medicine eye surgery. "On Long Mu" treats both inside and outside, forming a relatively complete ophthalmic treatment system, including pills, powder and soup. External treatment includes dressing, eye drops, obstacle removal, hook cutting, sickle washing, ironing, acupuncture and so on. Among them, the description of the obstacle removal technology of gold needle is the most distinctive. In the general part of this book, the root song of cataract, the song of cataract, the song of cataract narration, the preoperative examination of cataract needle drawing, the preparation before acupuncture, the operation and postoperative nursing are introduced in detail. For example, according to the patient's physique, patients should be treated with traditional Chinese medicine before operation to avoid chest tightness, vomiting, cough, panic, physical exhaustion and other complications. After cataract extraction, you should lie still with your eyes covered, eat black bean porridge, and avoid eating hard or chewing food strongly; During the inspection, "black clouds are like beads", "Don't look at the broken hand hard, for fear that it will vomit again". The spirit contained in these measures and requirements is still the principle that ophthalmology clinic should follow today. Doctors are required to pay attention and be skilled, which still has reference significance for the perioperative management of ophthalmic surgery at present.
Hooking, sickle washing, scalding and other surgical methods are not introduced in detail in this book, but in 72 syndromes, 22 kinds of external cataract eye diseases have applied one or two of them respectively. For example, "pterygium invades the extraocular barrier", it is suggested to adopt the method of "hook cutting and ironing", which is still in use today. The book also explains the operation taboo in detail. According to statistics, there are 57 cases, accounting for 79% of 72 cases, in which the surgical indication is 4 1 and the surgical contraindication is 16. 17%[8]。