Tao Yuanming
The most outstanding writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and also in the entire Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming (365-427) was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). There is "Tao Yuanming Collection". His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a famous general in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty. He commanded strong troops to guard the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. He was the military commander of eight states and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. His prestige was high for a while. After his death, he was given posthumously to Da Sima. His grandfather, Tao Mao, became a prefect, and his father also served as an official. After the Tao family became the founder of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, although their status was not as noble as that of the famous families in the south, they were still a wealthy family in Xunyang. However, Tao Yuanming's family situation gradually declined because his father died when he was young. He began to serve as an official at the age of twenty-nine, serving as a wine minister in Jiangzhou, and soon returned to seclusion. Later, he successively held low-status official positions such as Zhenjun and Jianwei, joining the army, and lived a life of inactivity and officialdom.
In the first year of Yixi (405), at the age of forty-one, Tao Yuanming once again served as the magistrate of Pengze County. After only more than eighty days, he abandoned his post and left the officialdom. He had his own farm and servants in his hometown, and for a period of time, his life was considered peaceful and contented. Sometimes he also personally participates in some agricultural labor as a practice of his social outlook and philosophy of life. In this working life, we are close to farmers. Later, due to constant damage to farmland and houses being burned down, the situation worsened. But he never wanted to seek salary for an official again. The imperial court once recruited him to be a scholar, but he refused. The reason why Tao Yuanming is like this is not that he is not interested in politics. Tao Yuanming, who was born in a family of officials for generations and was a descendant of the founding fathers, originally expected to make progress in his official career and make a difference in politics. "Miscellaneous Poems" says: "I recall that when I was young and strong, I was joyful and joyful. I had a strong ambition to travel all over the world, and my thoughts were far away." This shows his broad mind. But at the same time, the gentry and literati of the Eastern Jin Dynasty generally envied seclusion and pursued spiritual freedom, which also left a profound impact on him. "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" said that "there is little to suit the vulgar charm, and one's nature loves hills and mountains" reflects another aspect of his thoughts. He embarked on the path of life with two contradictory wishes. At first the former desire predominates. But it was a turbulent era: intra-clan struggles and warlords' ambitions for political power continued to cause bloody killings and even fierce battles. This kind of social unrest not only brings disaster to the people, but also creates serious insecurity among the upper strata of society. This forced Tao Yuanming's political ambition to be curtailed. On the other hand, in this struggle for power, all the dirty and bloody conspiracies are all under the guise of noble morality, which makes Tao Yuanming, who has a true nature, intolerable. So in the end, the longing to "love Qiu Mountain" overwhelmed the ambition to "escape the world". In the poem "The Beginning of the Zhenjun Joining the Army" poem he wrote when he was serving as a Zhenjun, he said: "My eyes are tired of the sights of Sichuan, and my mind is thinking of living in the mountains and rivers. Let's talk and change, and finally return to Banshenglu." Ren Jianwei When he joined the army, he wrote the poem "In the third month of the year of Yi Si, he joined the army to pass Qianxi for Jianwei" and said: "I dream about the garden day by day, how long will it take to be separated?" It can be seen that he was already in the official career and his heart was in the garden. In the "Returning Speech" written by Peng Zeling when he was dismissed, he even said that being an official was "deeply ashamed of his life ambitions". Therefore, his retreat was actually the result of the inability to reconcile his ideals with the reality at the time. Tao Yuanming's literary creation has made high achievements in poetry, prose, poetry and other aspects, but it is poetry that has the greatest impact on future generations; among Tao Yuanming's poems, the most representative ones are pastoral poems. The artistic charm of this pastoral poem lies not so much in the fact that it is a true portrayal of pastoral life, but in the fact that it embodies Tao Yuanming's life ideals. The countryside was highly purified and beautified by Tao Yuanming's poetic structure, and became a spiritual refuge in a painful world.
Tao Yuanming's thought is a special "natural" philosophy formed by taking the philosophy of Lao and Zhuang as its core and blending Confucianism and Taoism. The ideal society in his mind is a "natural" society. He often combined the simple and uncontested ancient world fictionalized by Confucianism with the social model of a small country and few people promoted by Taoism, and praised it as an ideal world. For example, the poem "Encouragement to Farmers" says: "In ancient times, when the people were first born, they were proud and self-sufficient, embracing simplicity and truth." The poem "Shi Yun" said: "In the Yellow and Tang Dynasties, there was no arrest, and the sentiment remained alone." The poem "Drinking Drinking" said: " Xi Nong has been gone for a long time, but the whole world will never be true again!" The same idea is vividly expressed in "Peach Blossom Spring" with the help of fiction. In this kind of "natural" society, everyone works and feeds himself, gets along with each other sincerely, there is no competition, no fraud, and there is even no king or minister. In Tao Yuanming's view, history is a process of degeneration. People's excessive material desires have led to endless competition, resulting in all kinds of hypocritical, pretentious, and cruel behaviors, which have plunged society into darkness. However, in the ancient world, time was hard to find, and paradise was nowhere to be found. Tao Yuanming could only regard simple rural life as a more realistic but very limited sustenance for his social ideal. A large number of his pastoral poems contain documentary elements that reflect his life in his hometown, and a considerable part of the content is not entirely realistic, but is the result of processing real materials in accordance with the requirements of certain concepts. The first poem in the "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" series of poems has long been famous and has similar characteristics: it has little suitable rhyme and is naturally in love with hills and mountains. I accidentally fell into the dust net and passed away for thirty years. The birds in the pond are nostalgic for the old forest, and the fish in the pond are thinking about the old abyss. Open up the wilderness in the south, stay humble and return to the garden. The square house covers more than ten acres and has eight or nine thatched houses. The elms and willows shade the back eaves, and the peach and plum trees in front of the hall. The distant village is warm, and the smoke in the ruins is still there.
Dogs bark in the deep alleys, cocks crow in the mulberry trees. The courtyard is free of dust and clutter, and the empty room has plenty of leisure. After being in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature. This poem was written probably in the year after Peng Zeling was dismissed from his post and returned to the countryside. It expresses the joy of returning to rural life. In the middle section of the scenery description, the four sentences following "Fangzhai" outline the simplicity and beauty of his residence with simple and light pen and ink; "The distant village is warm, and the smoke in the ruins" turns the line of sight to the distance, making the whole picture more vivid. It has a long, quiet, quiet and peaceful charm. The author uses this as the opposite of the dirty and noisy officialdom - the so-called "cage" - to express his social ideals and life concepts. The "nature" in the end of "recovering nature" refers to both the natural environment and natural life. As part of natural life, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also wrote about agricultural labor; during his period of seclusion, he himself also participated in farming. How significant is his physical labor in his economic life? It's probably very limited, maybe even dispensable. The practical significance of this kind of agricultural work is that it embodies one of Tao Yuanming's beliefs. "Early Rice Harvested in the West Field in the Mid-9th Month of the Gengxu Year" begins with: "Life has its own way, and food and clothing must be proper. We don't do business, just for the sake of peace of mind!" Self-cultivating and self-feeding is an ideal social lifestyle. and personal lifestyle. Although the poet couldn't actually do this, he tried, which is remarkable. At the same time, he also said: "Isn't it hard for the Tian family? It's hard to say goodbye. The four bodies are tired, and it's no different for common people. They rest under the eaves and fight with wine to loosen their complexions." Here he writes about the hardship of physical labor and the consequences of it. It brings psychological peace and even happiness. Among the poems of this type, the one with the most beautiful artistic conception is No. 3 of "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields": Planting beans at the foot of the southern mountain, the grass is full of bean sprouts and the bean sprouts are sparse. I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight. The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes. It's not enough to regret the stain on your clothes, but your wishes are fulfilled. The last two sentences once again illustrate that when Tao Yuanming writes about pastoral life and physical labor, he is actually singing about his ideals and showing the joy of realizing his ideals.
The above mainly analyzes the social ideals reflected in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, as well as his thoughts on the individual's lifestyle in society. In addition, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also involve issues that literature has focused on since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty: What is the meaning and value of life? How can life be liberated? In this regard, we first see that Tao Yuanming was more anxious than anyone of his contemporaries about the fact that life was short. There are only more than a hundred of his poems extant, but there are dozens of references to "aging" and "death". But philosophically, he has an open-minded interpretation, which is most clearly expressed in the poem "Shape, Shadow and Spirit". The poet borrowed the dialogue style of the poem to let "Xing" propose a life attitude of drinking and enjoying himself and forgetting everything (this is similar to "Nineteen Ancient Poems"), and let "Shadow" emphasize that we should pursue achievements and build a reputation after death (this is similar to "Nineteen Ancient Poems"). Close to Jian'an literature). In fact, both of these were difficult for Tao Yuanming to abandon, but as a final philosophical conclusion, he denied the first two in his third poem "Divine Interpretation", believing that daily drunkenness harms life, and doing good deeds to seek fame is just External pursuits are meaningless. It should be: "In the midst of the great waves, neither joy nor fear. Do what you have to do and don't have to worry about it." That is to be naturalized, and there is no need to consciously pursue things other than life. Things, this is liberation without seeking liberation. This connotation of "natural" philosophy is expressed in beautiful images in pastoral poems. For example, the most famous poem "Drinking" No. 5 of Tao's poems is: The house is built in a human environment, without the noise of cars and horses. I ask you, what can you do? The mind is far away from itself. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain. The mountain air is getting better day by day and the birds are flying back and forth. There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it. The first four sentences say that as long as the mind is far away, there will be no interference from the world. The following is about picking chrysanthemums on the east fence. I accidentally encountered Nanshan Mountain (i.e. Lushan Mountain). In the purple mist at dusk and the returning birds flying back, I felt the mystery of creation and understood the true meaning of life. Although the poem clearly states that "I have forgotten my words when I want to argue," if we examine Tao Yuanming's other works, the truth of life that he vaguely hints at through a series of images in this poem can still be explored. The eternity of Nanshan Mountain, the beauty of the mountain air, and the freedom of flying birds, don’t they reflect the greatness, perfection and enrichment of nature, especially the essence of being self-sufficient and seeking nothing from outside? So, in a short life, apart from surrendering to nature, conforming to nature, and feeling the meaning of one's life in the eternity, beauty, and freedom of nature, what else can one pursue? Therefore, this poem is still the sustenance of Tao Yuanming's life ideal, but the emphasis is different.
Of course, in the final analysis, this outlook on life in the poem is just a poetic and philosophical yearning. Because it is fundamentally impossible for people to get rid of the pursuit of self-realization in certain objects, nor can they get rid of the contradiction between real interests. But as a philosophical reflection on life, it is valuable; as the rationale of poetry, it brings unique effects. To sum up, Tao Yuanming's social outlook and outlook on life all center on "nature". The society he yearns for is a peaceful and tranquil society, where one works and feeds oneself, without competition, hypocrisy, and mutual oppression and harm; the life he pursues is a life of simplicity and sincerity, indifference to lofty ideals, a life of letting fate take its own course, and having no external pursuits. ; His favorite living environment is also a quiet and natural countryside. Because of these pursuits, most of his pastoral poems have a calm, peaceful, spacious and distant appearance, which is what the predecessors called "quietness". But behind this, there is full of hatred and uneasiness about the real society, and a deep anxiety about the short life and nothing to rely on.
In other words, "quietness" is an aesthetic realm constructed under the control of "natural" philosophy, and the inner driving force that inspires this pursuit is precisely a high degree of anxiety. The most concentrated of Tao's poems are those about pastoral life. In addition to the ones mentioned above, his representative works include "Migration", "He Guo Zhubu", "Ode to the Poor", "Miscellaneous Poems", "Resentful Poems Chu Tiao Shi Pang Zhubu Deng Zhizhong", etc.
However, Tao Yuanming is not the only one whose main feature is to dilute peace. He has also written some poems that directly involve real politics, or directly express strong inner emotions. For example, the poem "Shu Jiu", although its meaning is obscure and difficult to understand, there is no doubt that its content is related to some major political events in the Jin and Song dynasties. Another example is "The Long History of Gifting Sheep", which seems very happy about Liu Yu's Northern Expedition and the defeat of Chang'an in the 13th year of Yixi. "The saints and sages have left their traces, and everything is in Zhongdu. Don't forget to travel with your heart in mind, the river cannot be crossed. The nine realms have just been unified, and the generals who have passed away will take care of the boat." It reflects the distinct national sentiment. In addition, several articles in "Yong Jing Ke" and "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas" express sympathy, admiration and praise for some heroic images in history and mythology that remained unyielding despite failure, with a generous and tragic style. The end of "Ode to Jing Ke" says: "Unfortunately, his swordsmanship was poor, and his extraordinary achievements failed. Although he is dead, he still has feelings for thousands of years!" It clearly reveals the passion in the poet's heart. Another example is an article in "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas": Jingwei holds a tiny tree in his hand and will fill the sea. Xingtian dances with relatives, and fierce ambition is always there. There is no need to worry about the same things, and there will be no regrets when they are gone. It's just a matter of the past, a good morning is waiting for you! Jingwei is a small bird, but he has the ambition to fill the sea. Xingtian has his head cut off, but he still resists. They all show the great spirit of not surrendering to fate. The last two sentences are not only talking about Jingwei and Xingtian, but also talking about myself: Although I have the ambitions of the past, I have no chance to fulfill my wish! The factual background of these poems cannot be conclusively proven, but it can at least show that Tao Yuanming still longed for a strong and productive life in seclusion. Mr. Lu Xun pointed out that Tao's poems not only have a "quiet" and "leisurely" side, but also a "king-like angry look" side, mainly referring to these works. However, it should be noted that the two are not completely opposite. In terms of the origin of poetry, Tao Yuanming has a distant heritage from Ruan Ji. This is mainly reflected in the fact that most of his poems express inner emotions, express the exploration of life, use the method of philosophical observation, and often use the form of group poems. On the other hand, Tao's poetry was obviously greatly influenced by Xuanyan poetry. This is not only reflected in the many metaphysical vocabulary in his poems, and his plain language style is consistent with metaphysical poetry, but more importantly, it is reflected in his understanding of the relationship between man and nature. In Ruan Ji's poems, the eternity of nature is contrasted with the shortness of life, and people feel strong oppression in front of nature; while in the Xuanyan poems of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it turns into people's understanding and pursuit of nature; to Tao Yuanming, It also more clearly puts forward the concept of naturalization, and the consciousness of unity and harmony between man and nature becomes the decisive factor that constitutes the unique artistic conception of Tao's poems. Of course, Tao's poetry attaches great importance to expressing philosophy through artistic images rather than abstract language, which is fundamentally different from the boring and boring metaphysical poetry.
Tao Yuanming (365-427) was a poet, poet, and essayist in the Jin and Song Dynasties. A Qian, with the courtesy name Yuan Liang, and his private nickname Jingjie. A native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Tao Yuanming was born into a declining official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He held the rank of Grand Sima, military commander of eight states, governor of two states in Jingjiang, and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. Tao Yuanming's grandfather was a prefect, his father died early, and his mother was the daughter of Meng Jia, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming's life can be roughly divided into three periods.
The first period was before Tao Yuanming was 28 years old in the 17th year of Taiyuan (392), the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. Due to the early death of his father, he has been living in poverty since his youth. The second period, the academic period, lasted from the 18th year of Taiyuan when he was 29 years old to the 41st year of Jin'an Emperor Yixi's first year (405). The third period, the return to field period, lasted from the second year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (406) to the fourth year of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty (427) when Emperor Wen of Yuanjia died of illness. More than 20 years after returning to the field was his most creative period. There are currently 125 poems by Tao Yuanming in existence, including 9 four-character poems and 116 five-character poems. His four-character poems are not very good. His five-character poems can be roughly divided into two categories; one is the chanting poetry that inherits the tradition of lyrical expression since the Han and Wei dynasties and develops it, and the other is the pastoral poetry with few precedents. Tao Shi's artistic achievements have been highly praised since the Tang Dynasty, and are even regarded as "the fundamental criterion for poetry". More than 100 years after Tao Yuanming's death, Xiao Tong collected his posthumous writings, cataloged them separately, compiled 8 volumes of "Tao Yuanming Collection", and personally wrote the preface and biography. Later, Yang Xiuzhi of the Northern Qi Dynasty added other editions of "Five Filial Biography" and "Four Eight Eyes" on the basis of Xiao's edition, and the preface was the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian". The Yang version in the late Sui Dynasty lost its preface and became a 9-volume edition. After that, many other volumes were published, trying to compile it into 10 volumes. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Xiang republished the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian", which was the earliest published version of Tao's poems. None of the above books have been handed down. The earliest versions available today are several from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. The main ones include: two volumes of poems and essays collected by Zeng, published in the third year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a shadowed version of the Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty; a 10-volume collection of Jiguge, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a printed version of the Qing Dynasty; an 8-volume collection of Jiao □, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with Jiao's Ming translation, the 5 volumes of "Tao Ji" in today's "Seventy-two Collections of Han and Wei Dynasties" are also the Song version of Jiao's translation. In addition, there are also the "Poems of Mr. Dongpo and Tao Yuanming" published in the Song Dynasty and the large-character version written by Su in the Yuan Dynasty. The first person to annotate Tao's poems was Tang Han of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty, the number of annotations and commentaries increased day by day.
In the early Yuan Dynasty, there are 10 volumes of Li Gonghuan's "Annotations on Tao Yuanming Collection": it is common to have photocopies of four series. In the Qing Dynasty, Tao Shu annotated 10 volumes of "The Collection of Mr. Jingjie", which is available in the family journal edition and the edition typed by the Literary and Ancient Books Publishing House. The "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes" written by Gu Zhi in recent times is available in the "Yulou Series" version and the "Debingtang Five Types" version, the latter is called the "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes Final Version".
Poems 1-50: Mingzi (10 poems) Two poems from the capital in the middle of the fifth month of the Gengzi year, but still blocking the wind in Guilin, and four poems written by Xin Chou on leave in the seventh month of the year of the Gengzi year and a night walk in Jiangling. Two poems written by Master Guo at the beginning of spring in Guimao and two poems nostalgic about ancient farmhouses to encourage farmers (six poems). Composed by Cao Huxi in the middle of the twelfth month of the year Cao Guimao and prefaced by his younger brother Jingyuan Tingyun (four poems). Fortune and fortune (four poems). Rongmu and wood (four poems). Beginning to compose the sutra of joining the army. Azuo. Drinking alone in the rain. In the third month of the year of Yisi. In the third month of the year, he joined the army in Jianwei. The capital passed through Qianxi and returned to the garden and fields. Five poems of returning to the birds ( Four poems)
Poems 51-100: Guizi encountered fire in the middle of June of the year of Wushen and Liu Chai Sang paid Liu Chai Sang in the middle of September in the year of Gengxu. He got early rice in Xitian and immigrated. Two poems farewell to the Yin and Jin Dynasties. Shen has three poems to stop drinking and eight poems. In the middle of the eighth month of Bingchen's year, he was given to the farmhouse in Xia [氵巽]. Preface to the public (four poems) Rewarding Ding Chaisang
Poems 101-154: Everyone traveled to the Zhou family at dusk, complained about the poem under the cypress, Chu Tiao showed Master Pang, Deng Zhizhong, and Zhang Changshi stayed idle for nine days at the end of the year. Seven poems about a poor man's trip to Xiechuan, nine ancient Peach Blossom Spring poems, and descriptions of drinking wine at Wangfu's military seat to send guests off, reading "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", thirteen poems on La Ri, answering Pang joining the army, answering Pang joining the army, and preface (six poems), chanting two poems and chanting three good things Three elegy poems about begging and begging written and prefaced by Jing Ke during a meeting
-------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
Mingzi
One:
My ancestors have been in love since Tao Tang.
Miao Yan and Yu Bin have been honored throughout the ages.
Yulong Qinxia, ??Bowei Yishang.
Mu Mu Situ, the Jue clan is prosperous.
Second:
The Warring States Period came one after another, and the Zhou Dynasty declined.
The phoenix is ??hidden in the forest, and the secluded person is in the hill.
The clouds are flying around, and the whales are rushing into the current.
There are Han people in Tianji, and they are attached to Minhou.
Third:
If you release He Minhou, your luck will be like climbing the dragon.
The sword is wielded vigorously, showing off one's martial arts skills.
The rivers and mountains were sworn in writing, and the soil and seal were opened.
Prime Minister Qi Qi, Yun Di’s whereabouts.
Fourth:
Hunhun long source, Weiwei Hongke.
The rivers and rivers carry the guide, and the many guides carry the guide.
Sometimes there is silence, and the luck is prosperous.
In my country, Jin, my business is in Changsha.
The fifth one:
Huanhuan Changsha, Yixun Yide.
The emperor assigned me to conquer the southern kingdom.
After his success, he resigned, but he was favored by others.
What is called this heart, it is close and accessible.
The sixth one:
Be respectful to my ancestors, and be as cautious as the beginning.
Zhifang Ertai, Huihe Qianli.
In the examination of Huang Ren, he was indifferent and stopped.
Remembering the wind and clouds, I am very happy.
The seventh one:
I am so humble and out of reach.
Gu is ashamed of his beautiful temples, and his shadow is just standing.
Three thousand crimes, nothing to worry about.
I sincerely read it, and I cried when I heard it.
Eighth:
Buying a good day means a good time.
The name is Ruyue Yan, and the word is Ruqiu Si.
Wen Gong day and night, thinking about it now.
I still think about Kong Ji, but I am willing to do it!
Nineteen:
Li Ye gave birth to a son, so he asked for fire.
Everyone with a good heart is interested in me!
Now that I have seen it alive, I actually want it.
People also have words, and their feelings are true.
The tenth:
The sun and the moon will gradually avoid children.
Blessings come easily, and disasters come easily.
Working hard and sleeping hard, I am willing to be talented.
It’s enough that you are not talented!
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Mid-May of Gengzi Year From the capital, the wind is blocked by Guilin.
One of them:
As we walk back, we look at our old home as we count the days.
I am glad to see my friend again.
The drum beats the rugged music on the road, indicating that the scenery is limited to the west.
Isn’t the country dangerous?
The good wind defeats my heart, and I guard the poor lake.
The tall grass has no boundaries, and the summer trees are sparse.
Who said that the boat is far away, but the distance is more than a hundred miles.
Looking forward to recognize the Nanling Mountains, I can only sigh in vain.
Second:
Since ancient times, I have been doing military work, but I only know it now!
The mountains and rivers are vast, and the Xunkan is difficult to predict.
When the crashing waves are heard in the sky and the wind is still blowing.
How can I be drowned here after being born in love for a long time?
It is good to meditate on the garden, but it is good to leave the world.
How many of them were stolen back then? How can I doubt it if I am willing to do so!
------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------
Xin Chou went there in July I returned to Jiangling on a night trip to Tukou
I stayed idle for thirty years, and then I became indifferent to the world.
The poems and books are good, but the garden has no worldly feelings.
How to leave this place and go as far away as West Jing!
Knock on the new autumn moon, and friends will be born before leaving.
The cool breeze is blowing and the night scene is clear and bright.
The clear sky is vast and the Jiaohuo River is flat.
I don’t sleep well during my pregnancy, and I still fight alone in the middle of the night.
Shang Ge is not my business, I am still farming.
Throwing a crown and spinning around the old ruins is not a good thing.
Nurture the true and balance the grass under the thatch, and the common people will make a name for themselves by being good.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Four Miscellaneous Poems
One:
I am a prisoner from afar, with one mind at both ends.
Hide your tears as the flood passes eastward, and follow the current to catch up with the changing times.
The sun is out of sight and its stars are shining brightly, casting a shadow over the top of the western mountain.
Depression is far away, and I miss regular meals with melancholy.
Returning generously to the south, the road is far away without any reason.
It is difficult to replace Guan and Liang, so I send this chapter to you.
Second:
It is impossible to drive when you are living idle and pursuing your ambitions.
The driving force never stopped, and Xuanshang passed away on the east cliff.
The heavy gloom is like fuming musk deer, and the cold air makes me pregnant.
The years have always been there, and I have been flooded for a long time.
Remember generously, this feeling has been gone for a long time.
After ten years, he was temporarily detained by others.
The remaining trees in the courtyard are covered with shadows, and the sun and the moon suddenly fade.
Third:
My journey is not far away, but looking back is miserable.
The spring swallows rise at the festival and fly high in the dust beam.
Bian Yan felt helpless and returned to Beixiang.
Li Kun Ming Qingchi, wading through the summer heat and autumn frost.
It’s hard to say goodbye to someone who is sad, and the spring night is long in the distance.
Fourth:
The curling pines on the cliff are graceful and graceful, and the children are gentle.
On the twenty-fifth day of the new year, how could Qiao Ke rely on him?
Nourishment of color contains fluid and energy, which makes you look charming and energetic.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Two poems with Mr. Guo
One:
The forest in front of the Ai Ai Hall stores the clear yin in mid-summer;
The good wind comes at the right time, and it blows back and opens my lapel.
After taking a break from socializing and traveling, I get up and play the harp.
The garden vegetables are still growing, and the old grains are still stored today.
There is a limit to what is good in one's business, but there is no limit to what is sufficient.
I pound rice stalks to make fine wine. When the wine is ripe, I pour it myself.
The weakling teases me, and the language I learn has not yet become pronunciation.
This is a real joy, and I forget about the Chinese hairpin.
Looking at the white clouds in the distance, I feel so nostalgic for the past.
Second:
Wednesday spring in Heze is a cool autumn festival.
The dew is condensed and there is no atmosphere, the sky is high and the scenery is clear.
The mausoleum and towering peaks are amazing when viewed from a distance.
Fragrant chrysanthemums bloom in the forest, and green pines crown the rocks.
With such a pure and beautiful appearance, Zhuo is the best under Shuang.
I hold my cup in my mouth in memory of the secluded person, and I will cherish you for thousands of years.
If the quality is not improved, it will be a good month if you are tired of it.
------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------
The beginning of spring in Guimao and nostalgia for the past Two poems about farmhouses
One:
I heard about Nanmu in the past, but I didn’t practice it back then.
If there are people in the empty space, how can the Spring Festival be avoided?
I have been pretending to be my driver since early in the morning, and I have already cherished my love.
The birds chirp to celebrate the New Year, and the cool wind sends away the remaining good things.
The cold bamboos are desolate, and the land is far away from the people.
This is how the stick-planting man takes his time and never returns.
That is to say, the reason is inferior to general knowledge, and the protection is shallow.
Second:
My ancestors have taught me to be concerned about the road but not about poverty.
Looking forward is hard to catch, turning to desire will always make you diligent.
Adhere to the current affairs of the people, show your beauty and persuade the farmers.
Pingchou is far away from the wind, and good seedlings are also full of new ideas.
Although I haven’t measured my achievements over the years, I am glad that there are many things going on.
There is a break in farming, but the traveler has no interest in it.
As the sun comes in, we return together, and the pot of pulp works for our new neighbors.
The long chants cover the firewood gate, and we talk about being the people of Longmu.
Encourage farmers
One:
In ancient times, people were born.
Proud and self-sufficient, embracing simplicity and authenticity.
Wisdom and cleverness are cute, but they are worthy of extravagance.
Whoever supports him depends on the philosopher.
Second:
Where is the philosopher? Shiwei Houji.
Where is the support? In fact, it is called sowing.
Shun plowed the fields, and Yu also farmed.
As far as Zhou Dian, the eight political affairs begin to eat.
Third:
Xi Xi Ling De, Yi Yi Yuan Lu.
The flowers and trees are prosperous, and the breeze is peaceful.
Men and women are competing for the time.
The mulberry woman is up at night, and the farmer is sleeping in the wild.
Fourth:
It is easy to pass a period of time, but it is difficult to maintain harmony for a long time.
Ji Que and Li are depressed and married.
We are both wise and diligent.
The common people here, hand over your train!
Fifth:
People's livelihood depends on diligence, and diligence will not lead to shortage.
Feast in peace and contentment, and look forward to the end of the year!
If you don’t store rocks, you will be hungry and cold.
Guer and his wife, how can you not feel ashamed!
The sixth one:
Confucius is immoral and Fan Xu is despicable.
Dong Leqin writes books, but he doesn’t live in the countryside.
If you can be transcendent and follow a high path,
Dare not hold back your skirt and praise virtue and beauty.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Showing Gu to Hu Xicao Thief Cao
In the middle of the fifth month of Ruibin, the Qing Dynasty started to fight in the south.
It’s not too late to drive, my clothes are fluttering.
The sun is covered by heavy clouds, and it rains lightly.
Looking at the West Garden, you can see purple sunflowers blooming.
It is so cute now, but it will fade away again.
The feeling of things is timely, and every time I hate it, I will show it.
Waiting for the autumn harvest, the harvest will be late.
Don’t be overwhelmed by your idle thoughts, and only be sad when you are arrogant.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
The twelfth month of Guimao year Zhongzuo and his younger brother Jingyuan
sleep under the Hengmen, Miao is isolated from the world.
No one knows that the Jing Fei is always closed during the day.
The wind is desolate at the end of the year, and the snow is shining through the sun.
There is no strange sound in my ears, and my eyes are clear.
The energy invades the lapel sleeves, and the baskets and ladles are used repeatedly.
In the desolate sky, there is nothing to be happy about!
After reading thousands of years of books, I always see the legacy.
It is unattainable to be high-minded and absurd.
Pingjin can’t help it, but it’s too late to live in it!
The message is beyond words, who can say goodbye to me?
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Stop the clouds and sequence
p>When the clouds stop, I miss my relatives and friends. The bottles are fresh and the wine is fresh, and the garden is in full bloom. I wish I could not follow my words, but sigh.
One:
The mist stops and the clouds stop, and it rains [氵梦][氵梦].
The eight tables are in the dark together, and the smooth road is blocked.
I send it quietly to Dongxuan, and the spring mash alone caresses it.
A good friend is a long time away, scratching his head for a long time.
The second one:
When the clouds stop and there is mist, it rains [氵梦][氵梦]. ?.
The eight tables are in the dark together, and the flat land becomes the river.
There is wine, there is wine, drink in the east window.
I wish to express my love for others and follow my wishes.
Third:
The trees in the east garden have branches that carry glory.
Competing for new and good ones to attract residual affection.
People also have words, the sun and the moon are in battle,
An De is sitting at the banquet and talking about his life.
Fourth:
The flying birds are resting on my tingke.
Collect the feathers and stop leisurely, and the sound is harmonious.
How could there be no one else who has many thoughts?
How about holding on to a grudge if you don’t get what you say?
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
The order of fortune
Good luck, travel in late spring. The spring clothes are ready, the scenery is harmonious, and I occasionally travel alone, happily talking to each other.
One:
The fortunes of Mai Mai, Mu Muliang Dynasty.
I wear my spring clothes and talk about the eastern suburbs.
The mist lingers on the mountain, and the sky warms.
The wind comes from the south, carrying new seedlings.
Second:
There is a vast ocean in the pond, only rinse and wash.
The beautiful scenery brings joy and excitement.
People also say that what is satisfied is easy to be satisfied.
Sip a glass of wine and enjoy yourself.
The third one:
The water flows in the eyes, and I think about Qingyi for a long time.
Children have the same career, and they return home leisurely.
I love the hard work and the sleepiness.
But I hate this world and cannot pursue it.
Fourth:
At this morning and at night, he said that he would rest in his hut.
The anthers are arranged in rows, and the trees are covered with bamboo.
A clear harp lies across the bed, and a half-pot of turbid wine.
In the Huangtang Dynasty, there is no arrest, and the feeling is left alone.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Rong Mu Bingxian
p>Rongmu, I want to grow old. The sun and the moon have moved forward, and the nine summers have been restored. The general horn has heard that there is no success.
One:
Pick the rong wood, and it will take root here.
The beauty shines in the morning, but is lost in the evening.
If life is long, there will be times when it becomes haggard.
Quietly talking about Kong Nian, the center is sad.
Second:
Collecting Rongmu, Yuztogen.
Prosperity rises in the morning, but sorrow disappears in the evening.
Chastity depends on people, and there is no way for misfortunes or blessings.
The bandit is loyal to the way, and the bandit is good to Xi Dun!
Third:
I am sorry to you, I am so stubborn.
As the years pass by, the business will not increase.
Aim for the enemy and never give up, and live happily ever after.
I am so pregnant that I feel guilty.
Fourth:
The teachings left by our forefathers, what else can I say?
Forty-year-olds are unknown and this is nothing to be afraid of.
I have a famous car, and I have a famous horse.
Although it is thousands of miles away, who dare not reach it!
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Begin to join the army and join the army Qu Azuo
At a young age, I leave things aside, but my heart is in Qin Shu.
I am proud of being brown, and I always feel empty.
When the time comes, Gou Ming will meet, and the bridle will rest on the thoroughfare.
Tou Ce ordered morning dressing, and was temporarily separated from the garden.
The lonely boat passed away, and I returned to Siyu.
My trip is not far away, more than a thousand miles up and down.
My eyes are tired of the rivers and rivers, and my mind is thinking about the mountains and rivers.
Looking at the clouds makes me feel ashamed of a tall bird; facing the water, I feel ashamed of a fish swimming in it.
I really want to be there for the first time, but who can say that the appearance is restricted.
After chatting and changing, we finally returned to Bansheng’s house.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Drinking alone in the rain
p>The fate of life will eventually come to an end, as has been said from ancient times.
There are pines and trees in the world, but where are they today?
So the old man gave me the remaining wine, saying that he would become immortal by drinking it.
When I try to drink, all my feelings are far away. When I drink wine again, I suddenly forget about the sky.
How can heaven go here? Ren Zhen has nothing to do first.
The cloud crane has strange wings, and its eight wings can be returned in a moment.
I have been alone for forty years.
The body has been transformed for a long time, what can I say about my heart?
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
The third month of Yisi is Jianwei's military envoys all passed through Qianxi
I will not practice this place, and the good things have accumulated over the years.
Looking at the mountains and rivers in the morning and evening, everything is as it was before.
The light rain washes the high forest, and the clear sky clears the clouds.
The goods and materials of the family are still there, and the wind of righteousness is not separated.
Whoever Yi Yu is doing is encouraged to serve here.
The appearance seems to be controlled, but the plain collar is not easy to change.
Sonoda dreams day by day, and An Deji is separated for a long time.
I will return to the boat with my heart in my heart, so I hope it will be frosty cypress.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Five poems about returning to the garden and living in the fields< /p>
One:
There is no popular charm, and nature loves hills and mountains.
I accidentally fell into the dust net and was gone for thirteen years.
The tame birds miss the old forest, and the fish in the pond miss their old abyss.
Open up the wilderness in the south, and return to the garden with a humble heart.
The square house covers more than ten acres and has eight or nine thatched houses.
The elms and willows shade the back eaves, and the peach and plum trees in front of the hall.
The distant village is warm and the smoke is lingering in the ruins.
Dogs bark in the deep alleys, and roosters crow at the top of the mulberry trees.
The courtyard is clean of dust and clutter, and there is plenty of leisure in the empty room.
After being in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature.
Second:
There are few people and things in the wild, and there are few martingales in the back streets.
The sun covers the thorns, and the empty room is empty of dust.
At that time, in the middle of the ruins, people were walking around wearing grass.
When we meet, there are no words, but we have long paths.
The days of mulberry and maize have been long, and the days of my soil have been broad.
I am often afraid of the arrival of frost, and the trees will be scattered like grass.
Third: