Dokdo was regarded as an affiliated island of Ulleungdo in Silla era, but it has no specific name in Korea. It is called "Matsushima" in Japanese ancient books. In the old days, it was an isolated land, and in the Tokugawa shogunate era, it was a Boko Haram.
1On October 25th, Emperor Gaozong of North Korea named the island "Shidao". 190565438+1On October 28th, the Japanese cabinet meeting formally decided to rename the original "Matsushima" as "Bamboo Island", which is administratively under the jurisdiction of Shimane Prefecture. On February 22nd of the same year, the Governor of Shimane Prefecture issued the No.40 notice, announcing that "the island 85 nautical miles northwest of Yinqi Island is called Zhudao, which belongs to this county", and notified the then North Korean government in April with the number 1906. However, with the visit of relevant officials from Shimane Prefecture to Ulleungdo on March 28th, 906, this fact was spread all over the world. Japanese Shimane Prefecture official Shen Xiyitaro and related Japanese boarded Ulleungdo via Dokdo, and told Ulleungdo Chief Shen Xingze that Dokdo had been incorporated into Japanese territory.
Shen Xingze was very surprised when he heard that Dokdo was divided into Japanese territory. The next day, he immediately told Jiang Yuan about it and asked Li Minglai. Li Minglai also felt that this matter was very important, and immediately reported the contents of the report of Chief Yuling to the Minister of Government Affairs of the Parliamentary Government intact.
1906, Shidao was renamed Dokdo by South Korea. Park Qichun, Minister of the Government's Political Participation Department, pointed out in Order No.3 of May 20 1906 that it is purely fallacious to divide Dokdo into Japanese territory, and it is necessary to investigate the situation and development of this matter. On August 1945, Japan was defeated and surrendered. 1946 65438+1On October 29th, the General Command of Allied Supreme Commander issued a decision on the political and administrative separation of several areas around Japan (commonly known as SCAPIN 677), and handed this instruction to the Japanese government. Article 3 of the "Decision" clearly stipulates that Lian Kuer Rock shall be transferred to the jurisdiction of the US military government stationed in South Korea.
1946 on June 22nd, it was further stipulated in item 3 of SCAPINNo. 1033: "In the future, Japanese ships and crew members are not allowed to approach Lenkotrox (Dokdo) 12 nautical mile located at 37 degrees north latitude and 5 minutes east longitude.
After the founding of North Korea, the US military handed over its occupied peninsula territory to South Korea, but the ownership of Dokdo (Zhudao) was not clear. In the San Francisco Peace Treaty finally concluded by 195 1, the United States deliberately avoided mentioning the ownership of islands, thus leaving room for Japan to settle old scores.
1952 65438+1October 18, the first president of south Korea, Li Chengwan, issued the "Presidential Statement on the Sovereignty of Adjoining Sea Areas", announcing the exercise of state sovereignty over the continental shelf and all sea areas adjacent to its territory, peninsula and island coast, and clarifying the relevant latitude and longitude coordinates to determine the scope of the above-mentioned adjoining sea areas. Dokdo is under the jurisdiction of South Korea's territorial waters. The Japanese government protested the "Li Chengwan territorial sea line" unilaterally declared by South Korea, and refused to recognize South Korea's territorial sea line demarcation law.
1953 in may, when the Korean war was still in full swing, Japan sent troops to occupy the island and set up territorial boundary markers on the island. After the Korean side got the news, Korean residents living on Ulleungdo immediately set up the Dokdo Volunteer Guard. 1953, 12 In July, the Korean Volunteer Guard, led by 23-year-old Hong Chunqi, went to Dokdo to drive away Japanese soldiers. At this point, Dokdo is completely under the actual control of South Korea. In today's administrative divisions, South Korea placed it under the jurisdiction of Yuling-Dokdo 1-37 in Yuling County, Gyeongsangbuk-do.
1956, the Li Chengwan government sent a marine police garrison, and Hong Chunqi ended the sacred "great cause of defending the country". To this end, the South Korean government awarded Hong Chunqi a medal in recognition of his patriotic behavior of guarding Dokdo alone for three years and eight months. Since 1957, South Korea has been building permanent buildings in Dokdo. Today, there are 1 unmanned lighthouses, 2 observation posts, 3 houses, various antennas and stone tablets on the East Island of Dokdo. 198 1 At the end of the year, South Korean naval personnel also built island fortifications on the island.
In view of this situation, Japan cannot turn a deaf ear. Since 1954, more than 50 diplomatic protest documents have been submitted to the South Korean government every year, pointing out that Dokdo is a Japanese territory and South Korea must immediately withdraw from the island. The South Korean government has repeatedly stated that Dokdo belongs to South Korea's inherent territory. The two sides are tit for tat, each holding its own word. The Japanese side has repeatedly suggested that the island dispute be submitted to the International Court of Justice in The Hague for adjudication, but the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Republic of Korea believes that "the Dokdo issue is no longer a diplomatic dispute, but a sovereignty issue" and categorically rejects it on the grounds that the sovereignty issue cannot be negotiated.
1In June, 965, the diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea were normalized. The two countries unanimously agreed that "all disputes between Japan and South Korea should be settled through diplomatic channels first. If diplomatic channels cannot be solved, they should be settled through mediation in a way recognized by the two governments". Therefore, the Japanese government proposed a dialogue with South Korea on the island dispute. However, South Korean officials undoubtedly believe that "Dokdo has been a Korean territory since ancient times, and this issue cannot be used as a dispute between the two countries for dialogue".