The Chinese nation is known as the country of etiquette. In ancient times, musical instruments made of Lingbi stone have become symbols of imperial power and courtesy.
During the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, musical instruments in the Qing Dynasty played a prominent role in ancient musical instruments. People who advocated the ritual system in Qin and Han dynasties believed that the status of parallel musical instruments was very high. Musical instruments in Qing dynasty were not only regarded as treasures by emperors, but also loved and praised by literati in this period.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism was introduced to China, and musical instruments in the Qing Dynasty began to be religious, so Yun Qing came into being.
Yun Qing, also known as "Yin Qing", is a percussion instrument. It has the same shape as an upturned chin and a small body. It is made of copper and looks like a small wine glass. Its mouth is only 7 cm in diameter and placed on the upper end of a long wooden handle, with a total length of about 35 cm. The wooden handle is decorated with stripes.
Yun Qing is a musical instrument used in temples and also in religious music. Yun Qing is playing.
When playing, you need to hold the lower end of the wooden handle with your left hand and tap it with a slender copper stick with your right hand. The pronunciation is crisp and clear, and it is often used to tap the rhythm in Brahma music.
Besides Yun Qing, there is also a Buddhist musical instrument, which is very different from musical instruments. Buddhism's "parallel monk" is bowl-shaped.
There are three kinds of Buddhist "monk parallelism": circle parallelism, plaque parallelism and small hand parallelism. "yuanqing" is like a bowl, made of copper, iron and other metals. The big one is about two or three feet in diameter, less than two or three feet high, and the small one is about half a foot in diameter, less than half a foot high. "Bian Qing" is made of stone. According to "Seven Fragrant Sword" written by an anonymous person in ancient times:
The small chin is as big as a peach, and the bottom is covered with holes and threads. Even a small bamboo branch is tied into a handle and hit with a small iron fork, which is called Yin Qing. Gain guides people to use their old names.
In the Great Temple of Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Buddhist "parallel monks" sounded loud, elegant and clear. Mostly used in Buddhist scriptures, such as opening, closing, folding, releasing, Buddha's name and so on. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, parallel musical instruments were not only "chanting" by monks or various ceremonies, but also many sacrificial festivals to be struck. According to ancient records:
Round chin chanting, the voice of the Lord of Na Wei. Every abbot or believer, official, nurse, etc. It rang three times. "Pingqing" stone looks like a cloud disk and hangs outside the abbot gallery; When the guest meets the abbot, the guest will press it three times. Similarly, small hands, rituals and chanting are all sung, which is the beginning and end of the festival.
During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, China's famous poets Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen and Li Xun not only praised Qing's beauty and elegance, but also praised Qing's "golden voice and jade", which is irreplaceable by other stones.
Li Xun, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised the musical instruments of the Qing Dynasty in his poem Sibin Shiqian, adding a layer of poetry to Lingbi Shiqian. He said:
You can see the truth when you come out of the water, and there is a jade sound hanging inside.
Good guqi, harmonious sound and rhyme.
In Song Dynasty, in A.D. 105 1 year, Xu, Su, Si, Jiang, Zheng, Huai, Yang and other armies were summoned to chisel the spiritual wall. Lingbi is a treasure house of strange stones produced in southeast Anhui, but such a grand quarrying has been rare. Up and down, there are many works about Lingbi's parallel poems, which push them to another peak in culture.
Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, visited Lingbi several times, because his poems, articles and paintings made Lingbi's stones more brilliant, and because of his suggestion, Lingbi officially established a county and officially changed its name to Lingbi on117, which is undoubtedly brilliant.
Famous Jianghu poets in the Southern Song Dynasty also praised Lingbi Qingshi Song for Wang Shilang.
Lingbi stone stunning the world, sound like bronze jasper.
A thief's sword can be sharpened, but a thief's sword can be relied on. I wish I were not old, but I could be more virtuous.
1289, Zhao Zurong, a famous musician in Yuan Shizu, inherited the ancient stone quarrying system of Sibin, and Da Lezheng wrote Pian Fu, which also provided excellent conditions for the inheritance and development of Shiqian culture in Yuan Dynasty.
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Lingbi Pianshi began another large-scale development for the purpose of palace rites and music and the construction of the capital in Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, helped Lingbi to build the county road for the sake of national security, and the "Hongwu Stone" at the foot of Qingshishan in Lingbi seems to be silently telling the glory presented to the court that year.
Emperor Qianlong, the "all-round old man" in Qing Dynasty, went to Jiangnan six times. He praised the good name of "floating in Sibin". After passing Lingbi, he inscribed the plaque of "Jade Qing Temple", which became a local story. The title of "the first stone in the world" is also passed down from generation to generation, which is also the cultural heritage of Lingbi Qingshi.
In a word, Shi Zhuan musical instruments, with its long and glorious history, and its fine texture, tough stone, bright color and beautiful timbre, have shown its noble status in all previous dynasties.
In addition, the production of ancient musical instruments in the Qing Dynasty was also strictly regulated. According to the "Ding Gong Sacrifice Confucian Temple" in Beijing Museum:
The bronze ware is divided into two parts: Lingbi stone, painted on both sides by Un-yong Kim, with seven inches, two points and nine angles, and five inches, four points, six points and seven angles. Drum repair is one foot nine points three points five points, Bo three inches six points four points five points; Sixteen pieces are all the same, neither thick nor thin according to the law. The thigh side is engraved with a certain year system and the drum side is engraved with a certain dharma name.
This shows that the compilation of the Qing Dynasty was mainly used for celebrations, and there were 16 rooms compiled during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
1790, emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty also made a set of gold bells with gold, together with a set of gold bells. Parallel and parallel were widely used in court music in Qing Dynasty. Parallelism is a musical instrument used by the emperor to worship heaven and earth, ancestors and Confucius.
There are 65,438+02 pieces with different pitches, all of which are hung on the wooden chin frame alone. They come in different sizes, the largest is the "yellow bell" and the smallest is the "clock". In the 65,438+02 months of the year, music of one tune is played every month, such as Too many clusters in the first month of the lunar calendar and Luda in December.
When you play a special piece of music, you just need to change it into a special piece. When you ensemble, you should play a special tune at the end of each phrase to strengthen the rhythm.
China's national musical instruments have a long history. Metal musical instruments are mostly made of copper or a mixture of copper and tin. Among the ancient metal musical instruments, there are many kinds, the most important of which is the chime instrument, and the suona is also a metal musical instrument. They * * * are characterized by their loud voice, crisp sound quality and soft timbre, which can represent the sound of Chinese musical instruments.
Gong is a percussion instrument widely used by all ethnic groups in ancient China. It also belongs to metal musical instruments. It has a long history, a wide variety, a loud voice and unique features, and is popular all over the country.
Qingshi
Qingshi
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After the completion of the Qing Dynasty.