But before he conquered, he was already dead: around Zhuge Liang's death.
Let's first look at how Zhuge Liang died. The records of the Three Kingdoms are relatively brief. In the spring of 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led an army out of Gu Jie, and Chen Bing began his last Northern Expedition in his life. Sima Yi confronted him with a great army on the south bank of Weihe River, while another Wei Jun waited in the north of Weihe River. Faced with this situation, Zhuge Liang couldn't find a good opportunity to attack, so he decided on the spot. Stalemate for more than a hundred days, "Liang became ill and died in the army."
The specific situation before and after Zhuge Liang's death is described in detail in Zi Tong Zhi Jian. In order to anger Sima Yi, who refused to go to war, Zhuge Liang sent people to send women's clothes to humiliate him. Sima Yi was unmoved, but people always inquired about Zhuge Liang's daily life. It is said that Prime Minister Zhuge went to bed late, got up early, and ate very little. Anyone who was sentenced to more than 20 military staffs had to ask himself. Sima Yi sighed: "Eat less and worry less, and you can last long!" Sure enough, Zhuge Liang will die soon. When he died, the late Liu Chan sent someone to ask him about his funeral, and he confessed two successors. When Liu Chan asked for a third term, he was speechless. After his death, according to his plan before his death, the Shu army retreated calmly, which Sima Yi could not catch up with, and the idiom "If Zhuge dies, he will live in Zhong Da" has since spread. Afterwards, Sima Yi inspected the camp left by the Shu army and sincerely praised Kongming as a "genius in the world"!
In addition to the opponent's prediction that Kong Ming was about to die, some historical books even left a record of the abnormal astronomical phenomena when Kong Ming died. Yang Jinqiu, a history book of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, records: "There are stars red and awning horns, which flow from the northeast and southwest, throw them at, and return after three throws. When it is big and small, it will die tomorrow. " That is to say, a star with red light fell from northeast to southwest and landed near Zhuge Liang's camp. It fell and bounced back and forth three times. When it fell, it was bigger, and when it bounced back, it was smaller. Finally, it fell to the ground, and Zhuge Liang died soon. This record vividly depicts Zhuge Liang's falling star. In the meteor pavilion of Zhuge Liang Temple in Zhang Wu today, there is a meteor stone, which is said to have fallen from the sky when Zhuge Liang died. According to local people, this general star was dropped by Zhuge Liang in the military account at the southern end of Wuzhangyuan-Huoluocheng, Luoxingwan, Luoxingpo and Luoxingxiang under Huoluocheng, all based on this strange stone.
If people's death can move the world, Zhu Gekongming can really be counted as one!
Who is the Millennium Harmony: Confucius is good and angry.
The above-mentioned historical records about the death process of Kongming are complementary, and they all state that Zhuge Liang died of illness in the former army of Zhang Wu, but another historical book, Shu Wei, quoted another version of Kongming's death. "Bright food is exhausted, worrying about vomiting blood, burning camp overnight, entering the valley, and dying." That is to say, after Zhuge Liang and Wei Jun fought for one hundred days, there was nothing they could do. They were angry and hated, and even vomited blood. They were forced to burn the camp and withdraw their troops, and finally died on their way to the Qinling Valley. This theory holds that he died on the way to escape and points out the cause of death-qi disease. Who pissed him off? If it means anything. Pei Songzhi, the annotator of the reflection, thinks that this statement is actually an enemy rumor, which is not credible, because Wang Shen, the author of Wei Shu, was the minister of Wei, who tipped off Si Mazhao and harmed Cao Mao, the ruler of Wei. He is a man who is good at have it both ways and tries his best to get close to Sima's house. Obviously, the historical materials he compiled are suspected of belittling Zhuge Liang and Aunt Sima Yi. Pei Songzhi further questioned Kongming's theory of hematemesis. "Is Zhong Da vomiting blood because of Kong Ming's carelessness?" With Kong Ming's mind and strategy, how could Sima Yi vomit blood with anger? As for dying in the valley, Pei Songzhi thought it was because Shu people died in the Qinling Valley in order to avoid exposing their military situation. Wang Shen takes this for granted. The Book of Wei is untrue, and Yao, the former deputy director of Zhuge Liang Museum, has also disproved it. According to Jin Ji, after the Shu army withdrew, Sima Yi came to Wuzhangyuan camp, "observing its legacy, getting more books and food", indicating that when the Shu army withdrew, there was enough food and grass. How could it be "the food and grass were exhausted"? Moreover, the Book of Wei came first, and the Book of Jin came last. The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji was specially written for Sima Yi. If the records in Wei Shu are reliable, there is no reason why Jin Shu should not be adopted.
Most importantly, the location of Zhuge Liang's death recorded in Shu Wei is contrary to other official records, and the theory of vomiting blood and qi disease has not been supported by other historical books.
But why was Sima Yi so angry with Zhuge Liang for a long time? Shi Fei, a cultural researcher of Baoji Three Kingdoms, gave the answer. He said it was mainly caused by long-term misleading. First, Shu Wei is misleading, but its influence is relatively small; There is also The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was supposed to raise Zhuge Liang, but actually raised his opponent Sima Yi. Writing Cao Zhen, Kongming's real opponent, as a straw bag, Sima Yi maintained a high appearance rate from beginning to end, and the readers were subtly influenced, mistakenly thinking that Sima Yi was Kongming's only opponent.
Moreover, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is also misleading, that is, during several northern expeditions, he fainted and vomited blood several times. You see: Zhuge Liang fainted as soon as he heard that Zhao Yun was dead. Listen to Zhang Bao died and vomited blood; Guan Xing died and fainted; It is said that Sun Quan cooperated in attacking Cao Wei, suffered a crushing defeat and vomited blood. As the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces, his heart is as fragile as glass, and it seems natural to be dragged down by his lifelong opponent.
Let's look at the real history! In history, Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions and one defense, and only fought Sima Yi for the last two times. The first four times, his opponent was Cao Zhen, commander-in-chief of Wei, and Sima Yi was a walk-on. It was only because Cao Zhen was ill that Sima Yi got the chance to play the leading role. According to Zi Zhi Tong Jian, the first encounter between them was that Sima Yi took the initiative to attack Kong Ming in Lucheng, Longyou. As a result, Wei Jun was defeated and 3,000 people were killed. From then on, Sima Yi adopted the word "shou" for Kongming, in order to defend the enemy, compete for food, population, national strength and the interests of the master. This is Sima Yi's successful defensive strategy. How can the clever Zhuge Liang not understand his weaknesses? Therefore, Kong Mingzhi's defeat is not his own failure, but the failure of Shu Han's national strength; Zhong Da's victory is not that he really defeated Kong Ming, but that Wei Guoyuan is stronger than Shu. We still understand this truth today, but as an authority, how could Kong Ming not know it? When a person sees through everything and wants to "do what he knows he can't do", his illness is by no means acquired by a simple opponent!
He gave his heart to two generations: the damage has been buried.
Zhuge Liang broke down from overwork, and there are many hints in historical documents.
Zhuge Liang himself said in the "Former Teacher's Watch": "Since I took office, I have sighed all night, fearing that the entrustment will not be effective, so I hurt the understanding of my predecessor, so I crossed the river in May and went deep into the barren land." "After the Teacher's Watch" said: "With the knowledge of the first emperor, the talents of the ministers are measured, and the knowledge of the ministers is solid, making the enemy weak and strong. If we don't kill the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious. On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat; Reflections on the northern expedition. It is advisable to enter the south first. Therefore, when crossing the river in May, nothing grows and you eat it every day. I don't feel sorry for myself, and I can't be partial to Shudu, so I take risks to serve the legacy of my late emperor. "
In 223 AD, he was ordered to entrust an orphan to Liu Bei's Baidi City. From then on, Zhuge Liang couldn't sleep well every night, thought a lot, and didn't even know what it was like to eat. Why? Because you know that your talents are limited and your enemies are too strong. However, since it has been entrusted with a heavy responsibility, it is necessary to unload a heavy burden. So, I rushed into the barren land in the south, ate only one meal for two days, bought time for the Northern Expedition, and left my health alone.
Another example is the reflection, which says that Zhuge Liang is "ready to die, his heirs are young and weak, and everything is smart." Legislation, sorting out the military, engineering and mechanical skills, research the extreme, strict science and education, rewards and punishments must be believed, no evil is not punished, no good is not obvious. " When commenting on Zhuge Liang, Chen Shou said: "Zhuge Liang is also concerned with the country, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing officials, obeying the power system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are refined, physics is the foundation, reputation and responsibility are real, hypocrisy is contemptuous; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that the only person who knows politics is a horse. " As can be seen from the above materials, Zhuge Liang's fatigue is really "doing his best and dying".
Zhuge Liang put loyalty to the monarch and helping Shu in the first place and put his health aside. In order to unify the whole country, Zhuge Liang often has to forethink and strategize, which is a tiring thing. He is also used to going to bed late and getting up early, and he is cautious all his life. He must ask every detail of his army. This burden of physical and mental fatigue can be dealt with when you are young, and once you pass middle age, there will soon be signs of aging.
People generally say that he is as exhausted as Qin Shihuang. However, Qin Shihuang regularly reviews 60 Jin of bamboo slips every day, and there are actually not many hands-on Zhuge Liang. Karoshi, indeed!
A moment that should last forever: the diagnosis of future generations across time and space
Zhuge Liang's life finally came to Baoji, and some doctors in Baoji made various analyses of his death:
Cancer Theory —— Zhang Donghai, a Chinese medicine outpatient doctor at Hongqi Road, Baoji, judged: "Modern medicine has proved that overwork and depression are powerful promoters of cancer. It greatly reduces the immune function of human body and opens the door for the occurrence of malignant tumors. Did Zhuge Liang change from cirrhosis to liver cancer? Chinese medicine pays attention to seeing, listening and asking questions, which is impossible for the ancients now, so I am just a kind of reasoning and speculation. "
Malaria theory-Zhang Yunzhong, a physician of Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, thinks that Zhuge Liang may have malaria from the perspective of pest infection, because the climate was hot and mosquitoes and flies were breeding, which was the high incidence season of infectious diseases. Under the conditions and environment at that time, it was possible that Zhuge Liang was bitten by a mosquito carrying plasmodium and infected with malaria. But why is everyone else okay? Zhang Yun said that Kong Ming's later physical resistance and immunity were too weak!
Theory of Organ Failure Caused by Insomnia —— Zhang Zhibin, an 88-year-old Fengxiang doctor of traditional Chinese medicine, put forward a new viewpoint. He thought that no matter what illness Zhuge Liang got, it was not the fatal culprit that killed him. The real murderer should be insomnia caused by menopausal syndrome. Can insomnia kill people? He further explained that severe insomnia will cause endocrine system disorder and immune system disease resistance decline, which will further lead to various diseases. Severe insomnia can also lead to an increase in cholesterol content in the blood, thus increasing the risk of organ diseases. Zhuge Liang's insomnia symptoms are more serious. Under the situation of fierce fighting between the two armies, the mental pressure he suffered can be imagined. Three months of severe insomnia can destroy Zhuge Liang's will. Once infected by viruses and bacteria, it will quickly lead to the deterioration of his condition and eventually die in Wuzhangyuan.